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An enhanced Walrus Optimizer with opposition-based learning and mutation strategy for data clustering

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Array 2025年 26卷

作者： Abualigah, Laith Alomari, Saleh Ali Almomani, Mohammad H. Zitar, Raed Abu Migdady, Hazem Saleem, Kashif Smerat, Aseel Snasel, Vaclav Ezugwu, Absalom E. Computer Science Department Al al-Bayt University Mafraq25113 Jordan Faculty of Science and Information Technology Jadara University Irbid21110 Jordan Department of Mathematics Facility of Science The Hashemite University P.O box 330127 Zarqa13133 Jordan Faculty of Engineering and Computing Liwa College Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates CSMIS Department Oman College of Management and Technology Barka320 Oman Department of Computer Science & Engineering College of Applied Studies & Community Service King Saud University Riyadh11362 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Educational Sciences Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman19328 Jordan Computer Technologies Engineering Mazaya University College Nasiriyah Iraq Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava Poruba-Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic Unit for Data Science and Computing North-West University 11 Hofman Street Potchefstroom2520 South Africa

data clustering plays a crucial role in various domains, such as image processing, pattern recognition, and data mining. Traditional clustering techniques often suffer from limitations like sensitivity to initialization, poor convergence, and entrapment in local optima. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an Enhanced Walrus Optimizer (IWO) tailored for clustering tasks. The proposed IWO integrates two powerful strategies–Opposition-Based Learning (OBL) and Mutation Search Strategy (MSS)–to improve population diversity and prevent premature convergence, thereby enhancing both exploration and exploitation capabilities. These enhancements enable more accurate and stable identification of cluster centers. The effectiveness of IWO is validated through extensive experiments on multiple benchmark clustering datasets and compared against several state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms, including PSO, GWO, AOA, and others. The results demonstrate that IWO achieves better results, indicating improved compactness and separation of clusters. Statistical validation using p-values and ranking scores further confirms the superiority of the proposed method. These findings suggest that IWO offers a robust and flexible framework for solving complex clustering problems. Future work will explore hybrid deep learning-integrated models and parallel implementations to enhance scalability. © 2025

关键词： Swarm intelligence

Predictive Analysis of Consumer Behavior Using Supervised Learning Techniques

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Predictive Analysis of Consumer Behavior Using Supervised Le...

International Conference on Computational and Characterization Techniques in Engineering & sciences (CCTES)

作者： K. Sashi Rekha T. Amutha R. Usharani S. Pushparani V.M. Sivagami Department of Computer Science and Engineering SIMATS Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science CARE College of Engineering Trichy Tamil Nadu India Department of Computational Intelligence School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Meenakshi College of Engineering Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Chennai Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (数字)9798350364699

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364705

The study presented here consists of an entire framework for prediction of consumers behavior through the machine training of supervised learning methods. The strategy involves the following: data collection, preprocessing, exploration, feature selection, model selection, training, evaluation, interpretation and deployment. The systematic process is tailored to clear the pathway for combining data about customer taste, sophisticated habits, and purchasing trends. Primary components include data preprocessing, training of machine learning models, feature selection, and ethical issues regarding data privacy and transparency. The outcomes of the implementation are a high accuracy in consumers clustering, efficient classification of customers' behavior, as well as unveiling a bunch of crucial predictors that affect the customers mood and behavior. As a result, the report stresses the necessity of integrated monitoring and redirection strategies to realize the potential of the created models. The idea of predictive analysis as an evolving tool that enables marketers to tailor their campaigns more closely, and improve the overall customer experience therefore also receives attention. The proposed system methodology constitutes a solid process framework for business defined to aim at using predictive analytics to gain competitive edge in the current dynamic marketplace.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Consumer behavior Supervised learning data preprocessing Reinforcement learning Feature extraction data models Predictive analytics Stress

An Exploration Study on Developing Blockchain Systems – the Practitioners’ Perspective

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Aljedaani, Bakheet Ahmad, Aakash Fahmideh, Mahdi Khan, Arif Ali Shen, Jun Computer Science Department Aljumum University College Umm Alqura University Makkah Saudi Arabia School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Leipzig Germany School of Business University of Southern Queensland QLD Australia M3S Empirical Software Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia

Context: Blockchain-based software (BBS) exploits the concepts and technologies popularized by cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, offering decentralized transaction ledgers with immutable content for security-critical and transaction-critical systems. Recent research has explored the strategic benefits and technical limitations of BBS in various fields, including cybersecurity, healthcare, education, and financial technologies. Despite growing interest from academia and industry, there is a lack of empirical evidence, leading to an incomplete understanding of the processes, methods, and techniques necessary for systematic BBS ***: Existing research lacks a consolidated view, particularly empirically-driven guidelines based on published evidence and development practices. This study aims to address the gap by consolidating empirical evidence and development practices to derive or leverage existing processes, patterns, and models for designing, implementing, and validating BBS ***: Tied to this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-phase research project. First, a systematic literature review of 58 studies was performed to identify a development process comprising 23 tasks for BBS systems. Second, a survey of 102 blockchain practitioners from 35 countries across six continents was conducted to validate the BBS system development ***: Our results revealed a statistically significant difference (p-value © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

Not All Diffusion Model Activations Have Been Evaluated as Discriminative Features

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Meng, Benyuan Xu, Qianqian Wang, Zitai Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming Institute of Information Engineering CAS China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology CAS China Peng Cheng Laboratory China School of Cyber Science and Tech. Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University China School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management CAS China

Diffusion models are initially designed for image generation. Recent research shows that the internal signals within their backbones, named activations, can also serve as dense features for various discriminative tasks such as semantic segmentation. Given numerous activations, selecting a small yet effective subset poses a fundamental problem. To this end, the early study of this field performs a large-scale quantitative comparison of the discriminative ability of the activations. However, we find that many potential activations have not been evaluated, such as the queries and keys used to compute attention scores. Moreover, recent advancements in diffusion architectures bring many new activations, such as those within embedded ViT modules. Both combined, activation selection remains unresolved but overlooked. To tackle this issue, this paper takes a further step with a much broader range of activations evaluated. Considering the significant increase in activations, a full-scale quantitative comparison is no longer operational. Instead, we seek to understand the properties of these activations, such that the activations that are clearly inferior can be filtered out in advance via simple qualitative evaluation. After careful analysis, we discover three properties universal among diffusion models, enabling this study to go beyond specific models. On top of this, we present effective feature selection solutions for several popular diffusion models. Finally, the experiments across multiple discriminative tasks validate the superiority of our method over the SOTA competitors. Our code is available at this url. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

Suppress Content Shift: Better Diffusion Features via Off-the-Shelf Generation Techniques

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Meng, Benyuan Xu, Qianqian Wang, Zitai Yang, Zhiyong Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming Institute of Information Engineering CAS China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology CAS China Peng Cheng Laboratory China School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management CAS China School of Cyber Science and Tech. Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus China

Diffusion models are powerful generative models, and this capability can also be applied to discrimination. The inner activations of a pre-trained diffusion model can serve as features for discriminative tasks, namely, diffusion feature. We discover that diffusion feature has been hindered by a hidden yet universal phenomenon that we call content shift. To be specific, there are content differences between features and the input image, such as the exact shape of a certain object. We locate the cause of content shift as one inherent characteristic of diffusion models, which suggests the broad existence of this phenomenon in diffusion feature. Further empirical study also indicates that its negative impact is not negligible even when content shift is not visually perceivable. Hence, we propose to suppress content shift to enhance the overall quality of diffusion features. Specifically, content shift is related to the information drift during the process of recovering an image from the noisy input, pointing out the possibility of turning off-the-shelf generation techniques into tools for content shift suppression. We further propose a practical guideline named GATE to efficiently evaluate the potential benefit of a technique and provide an implementation of our methodology. Despite the simplicity, the proposed approach has achieved superior results on various tasks and datasets, validating its potential as a generic booster for diffusion features. Our code is available at this url. © 2024, CC BY.

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MagLive: Robust Voice Liveness Detection on Smartphones Using Magnetic Pattern Changes

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sun, Xiping Chen, Jing Wu, Cong He, Kun Xu, Haozhe Feng, Yebo Du, Ruiying Chen, Xianhao Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Rizhao Institute of Information Technology Wuhan University Rizhao276800 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology Wuhan430079 China The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering HKU Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong

Voice authentication has been widely used on smartphones. However, it remains vulnerable to spoofing attacks, where the attacker replays recorded voice samples from authentic humans using loudspeakers to bypass the voice authentication system. In this paper, we present MagLive, a robust voice liveness detection scheme designed for smartphones to mitigate such spoofing attacks. MagLive leverages the differences in magnetic pattern changes generated by different speakers (i.e., humans or loudspeakers) when speaking for liveness detection, which are captured by the built-in magnetometer on smartphones. To extract effective and robust magnetic features, MagLive utilizes a TF-CNN-SAF model as the feature extractor, which includes a time-frequency convolutional neural network (TF-CNN) combined with a self-attention-based fusion (SAF) model. Supervised contrastive learning is then employed to achieve user-irrelevance, device-irrelevance, and content-irrelevance. MagLive imposes no additional burden on users and does not rely on active sensing or specialized hardware. We conducted comprehensive experiments with various settings to evaluate the security and robustness of MagLive. Our results demonstrate that MagLive effectively distinguishes between humans and attackers (i.e., loudspeakers), achieving an average balanced accuracy (BAC) of 99.01% and an equal error rate (EER) of 0.77%. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smartphones

GoMORE: Global Model Reuse for Resource-Constrained Wireless Federated Learning

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yao, Jiacheng Yang, Zhaohui Xu, Wei Chen, Mingzhe Niyato, Dusit Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311121 China The College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 308232 Singapore

Due to the dynamics of wireless environment and limited bandwidth, wireless federated learning (FL) is challenged by frequent transmission errors and incomplete aggregation from devices. In order to overcome these challenges, we propose a Global MOdel REuse strategy (GoMORE) that reuses the outdated global model to replace the local model parameters once a transmission error occurs. We analytically prove that the proposed GoMORE is strictly superior over the existing strategy, especially at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In addition, based on the derived expression of weight divergence, we further optimize the number of participating devices in the model aggregation to maximize the FL performance with limited communication resources. Numerical results verify that the proposed GoMORE successfully approaches the performance upper bound by an ideal transmission. It also mitigates the negative impact of non-independent and non-identically distributed (non-IID) data while achieving over 5 dB reduction in energy consumption. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

The Adaptive Fault-tolerant Routing Based on an Improved Local Security information Model of the Exchanged Hypercube

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The Adaptive Fault-tolerant Routing Based on an Improved Loc...

IEEE International Conference on Big data and Cloud computing (BdCloud)

作者： Yazhi Zhang Chuanwen Luo Guijuan Wang Li Zhang Mengjie Lv Jiguo Yu School of Computer Science and Technology Qilu University of Technology Jinan China School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China College of Computer Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China Big Data Research Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China

With the increasing amount of computation in high-performance computing, the scale of interconnection networks is becoming larger and larger. It is inevitable that processors or links in the network become faulty. Therefore, it is very important for a processor to understand the security status of itself and neighbors, and then adaptively and reliably communicate. However, the existing security information models consider faulty processors or faulty links separately, and do not consider the situation where both processors and links fail simultaneously. The Exchanged Hypercube is an excellent interconnection network structure which achieves a balance between network functionality and hardware overhead while preserving many excellent properties of the Hypercube. In this paper, we propose an adaptive fault-tolerant routing algorithm of the Exchanged Hypercube based on an improved local security information model, which considers the faulty processors and faulty links simultaneously. This algorithm always can select suitable processors for routing based on the local security information and unsafe coefficients of processors, which greatly reduces the impact of the faulty of networks. The adaptive fault-tolerant routing algorithm of the Exchanged Hypercube network is not only suitable for regular networks but also for heterogeneous networks since the Exchanged Hypercube is a semi regular network. Sufficient experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has a lower packet loss rate, a higher success rate, and a shorter average path length.

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape