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A Survey of Blockchain Based systems: Scalability Issues and Solutions, Applications and Future Challenges

IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 79626-79651页

作者： Alghamdi, Turki Ali Khalid, Rabiya Javaid, Nadeem Umm Al-Qura University College of Computer and Information Systems Department of Computer Science Makkah21955 Saudi Arabia University of Leeds School of Computing LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Computer Science Islamabad44000 Pakistan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence Douliu64002 Taiwan

Blockchain technology originated alongside Bitcoin as a novel method of conducting financial transactions. It has garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in recent years, emerging as a prominent area of research. It is a decentralized record-keeping system that holds transactional information. The scale of a blockchain network expands according to the growth in the number of nodes and transactions, resulting in issues related to storage capacity, data processing speed, and time delay. These issues have a direct impact on the scalability of a blockchain network. Currently, scalability is one of the prominent concerns in the field of blockchain technology and an active research area. This study conducts a comprehensive survey of the scalability challenges faced by blockchain technology in several sectors. It also examines potential solutions based on consensus mechanisms, smart contracts and directed acyclic graph (DAG). It is observed that the proposed scalability solutions target enhancing system throughput, reducing costs, and improving blockchain efficiency. Therefore, we examine, compare, and evaluate the literature using these specific criteria. Moreover, a survey of existing blockchain based survey papers is presented. A comparative analysis of these survey papers is presented along with their recency score, which is determined by the number of recent publications reviewed in a survey paper. By 'recent,' we mean the current year (or the publication year of a survey paper) and the three years prior to it. Additionally, this paper offers an elaborate discussion on the forthcoming open research challenges and applications of blockchain. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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Performance analysis of various classification algorithms for providing competency training to workplace risk prevention

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 15123-15149页

作者： Garg, Shruti Murugan, Prabhu Manimaran, A. Sundar, Ramesh Dakshinamoorthy, Prabakar Rajaram, Gnanajeyaraman Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi Mesra India Department of ECE Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai602105 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai602105 India Department of Networking and Communication School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur India

In the workplace, risk prevention helps detect the risks and prevent accidents. To achieve this, workers' mental and physical parameters related to their health should be focused on and analyzed. It helps improve the workers' mental health and thus improves organizational performance. There are a lot of mental illnesses due to excess work and a lack of professional knowledge. It affects the performance of the worker. So, the organization needs to conduct competency training programs to improve their professional skills and the mindset to tackle the work pressure. There are several competency training programs given in various organizations to mold the workers, and it considerably reduces workplaces risks. Competency training in the workplace teaches integrity, honesty, managerial skills, and other workers. Developing organizational skills is the primary concern in this competency training. This paper enabled one of the best machine learning algorithms to be chosen to predict the hazards in the workplace and provide a healthy environment to the workers. For that, several classification methods such as Logistic Regression, Decision trees, AdaBoost classifier, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting classifier, and XGBoost classifier are implemented experimented with, and the performance is verified with python software. From the comparison, it has been found that the XGBoost classifier is selected as the best classifier and identified that it is highly suitable for analyzing and predicting workplace risks data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Occupational risks

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Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Advanced Methods for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Identification and Classification: A Systematic Review

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1199-1231页

作者： Syed Ijaz Ur Rahman Naveed Abbas Sikandar Ali Muhammad Salman Ahmed Alkhayat Jawad Khan Dildar Hussain Yeong Hyeon Gu Department of Computer Science Islamia CollegePeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Information Technology The University of HaripurHaripur22620Pakistan College of Technical Engineering The Islamic UniversityNajaf100986Iraq School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Republic of Korea Department of AI and Data Science Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea

Automatic detection of Leukemia or blood cancer is one of the most challenging tasks that need to be addressed in the healthcare *** of white blood cells(WBCs)in the blood or bone marrow microscopic slide images play a crucial part in early identification to facilitate medical *** Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia(ALL),the most preferred part of the blood or marrow is to be analyzed by the experts before it spreads in the whole body and the condition becomes *** researchers have done a lot of work in this field,to demonstrate a comprehensive analysis few literature reviews have been published focusing on various artificial intelligence-based techniques like machine and deep learning detection of *** systematic review has been done in this article under the PRISMA guidelines which presents the most recent advancements in this *** image segmentation techniques were broadly studied and categorized from various online databases like Google Scholar,science Direct,and PubMed as image processing-based,traditional machine and deep learning-based,and advanced deep learning-based models were *** Neural Networks(CNN)based on traditional models and then the recent advancements in CNN used for the classification of ALL into its subtypes.A critical analysis of the existing methods is provided to offer clarity on the current state of the ***,the paper concludes with insights and suggestions for future research,aiming to guide new researchers in the development of advanced automated systems for detecting life-threatening diseases.

关键词： Acute lymphoblastic bone marrow segmentation classification machine learning deep learning convolutional neural network

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Alzheimer's Disease Classification via Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network Variants Utilizing Multi-level Thresholding based on Kapur's Entropy 2

Alzheimer's Disease Classification via Pre-trained Convoluti...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Networks, Multimedia and information Technology, NMITCON 2024

作者： Mahendran, Nivedhitha Durai Raj Vincent, P.M. Srm Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Technologies Department of Networking and Communications Kattankulathur Chennai India Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372892

Neurological diseases are the disorders of brain and the nerves that run throughout the human body. There is a range of symptoms that arise as a result of chemical, structural, or electrical modifications in the regions of brain. One such neurological disease is the Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is considered as a slow and progressive disease that majorly affects the cognitive abilities of the individual. It is most common forms of dementia without any proper cure. However, early diagnosis and treatment might slow down the symptoms and improve the lifestyle of the individual. The most common techniques to identify the neurological disorders are imaging of the brain regions, namely, CT, MRI, PET, etc. The learning approaches, such as Deep Learning and Machine Learning are identified to be effective in analyzing these images to provide better accuracies in detecting the AD. In this study, four versions of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used to classify AD and Control cases. Further, the Kapur's thresholding technique is also implemented to segment the images for improving the classification accuracy of AD. From the results shown in the study, the inference shows that the VGG16 of CNN provides considerable improvement than the other deep learning models before and after the implementation of thresholding. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Multitask learning for Arabic Dialects Identification and Machine Translation

Multitask learning for Arabic Dialects Identification and Ma...

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International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Its Practical Applications in the Age of Digital Transformation, I2COMSAPP 2024

作者： Dhleima, Mohamed Tourad, Mohamedou Cheikh Telmoud, Cheikh Abdelkader Ahmed Abdelmounaim, Abdali Nanne, Mohamedade Farouk Scientific Computing Computer Science and Data Science Research Unit University of Nouakchott Nouakchott Mauritania Research Team Control and Informatics for Intelligent Systems and Green Energy FST cadi Ayyad Marrakech Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9783031714283

Multitask learning (MTL) is a popular approach in natural language processing (NLP) to improve the performance of related functions. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to address dialect identification and translation challenges in Arabic NLP. The proposed model utilizes state-of-the-art transformer architectures for both tasks, ensuring robust performance in capturing contextual dependencies and linguistic nuances inherent in Arabic dialects. The primary objectives are to accurately identify Arabic dialects and facilitate their translation to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) using a shared representation learning approach. The model architecture consists of a shared embedding layer followed by a transformer encoder for each task, employing multi-head self-attention mechanisms for hierarchical contextual information extraction. The model’s performance is evaluated using the F1-score for dialect classification, and the BLEU-score for translation performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Leveraging LLMs and Generative Models for Interactive Known-Item Video Search 30th

Leveraging LLMs and Generative Models for Interactive Know...

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30th International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling, MMM 2024

作者： Ma, Zhixin Wu, Jiaxin Ngo, Chong Wah School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore Singapore Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9783031533013

While embedding techniques such as CLIP have considerably boosted search performance, user strategies in interactive video search still largely operate on a trial-and-error basis. Users are often required to manually adjust their queries and carefully inspect the search results, which greatly rely on the users’ capability and proficiency. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and generative models offer promising avenues for enhancing interactivity in video retrieval and reducing the personal bias in query interpretation, particularly in the known-item search. Specifically, LLMs can expand and diversify the semantics of the queries while avoiding grammar mistakes or the language barrier. In addition, generative models have the ability to imagine or visualize the verbose query as images. We integrate these new LLM capabilities into our existing system and evaluate their effectiveness on V3C1 and V3C2 datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Semantics

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Feed-Forward Probabilistic Error Cancellation with Noisy Recovery Gates 17

Feed-Forward Probabilistic Error Cancellation with Noisy Rec...

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Many-core systems-on-Chip, MCSoC 2024

作者： Kurosawa, Leo Saito, Yoshiyuki Lee, Xinwei Yan, Xinjian Xie, Ningyi Cai, Dongsheng Shin, Jungpil Asai, Nobuyoshi University of Aizu School of Computer Science and Engineering Aizu-Wakamatsu Fukushima Japan Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore University of Tsukuba School of Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530471

Probabilistic Error Cancellation (PEC) aims to improve the accuracy of expectation values for observables. This is accomplished using the probabilistic insertion of recovery gates, which correspond to the inverse of errors. However, the inserted recovery gates also induce errors. Thus, it is difficult to obtain accurate expectation values with PEC since the estimator of PEC has a bias due to noise induced by recovery gates. To address this challenge, we propose an improved version of PEC that considers the noise resulting from gate insertion, called Feed-Forward PEC (FFPEC). FFPEC provides an unbiased estimator of expectation values by cancelling out the noise induced by recovery gates. We demonstrate that FFPEC yields more accurate expectation values compared to the conventional PEC method through analytical evaluations. Numerical experiments are used to evaluate analytical results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Deep learning at the service of metaheuristics for solving numerical optimization problems

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Neural computing and Applications 2025年 1-36页

作者： Oyelade, Olaide N. Ezugwu, Absalom E. Saha, Apu K. Thieu, Nguyen V. Gandomi, Amir H. School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen’s University Belfast Bangladesh Unit for Data Science and Computing North-West University 11 Hoffman Street Potchefstroom2520 United States Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala799046 India Faculty of Computer Science Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Hanoi Ha Dong12116 Viet Nam Department of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia

Integrating deep learning methods into metaheuristic algorithms has gained attention for addressing design-related issues and enhancing performance. The primary objective is to improve solution quality and convergence speed within solution search spaces. This study investigates the use of deep learning methods as a generative model to learn historical content, including global best and worst solutions, solution sequences, function evaluation patterns, solution space characteristics, population modification trajectories, and movement between local and global search processes. An LSTM-based architecture is trained on dynamic optimization data collected during the metaheuristic optimization process. The trained model generates an initial solution space and is integrated into the optimization algorithms to intelligently monitor the search process during exploration and exploitation phases. The proposed deep learning-based methods are evaluated on 55 benchmark functions of varying complexities, including CEC 2017 and compared with 13 biology-based, evolution-based, and swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that all the deep learning-based optimization algorithms achieve high-quality solutions, faster convergence rates, and significant performance improvements. These findings highlight the critical role of deep learning in addressing design issues, enhancing solution quality, trajectory, and performance speed in metaheuristic algorithms. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Exploring ResNet50 with Advanced Learning Strategies for Improved Ocular Disease Diagnosis

Exploring ResNet50 with Advanced Learning Strategies for Imp...

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2024 International Conference on Electrical and computer Engineering Researches, ICECER 2024

作者： Muchuchuti, Stewart Viriri, Serestina School of Computing & Information Systems Botswana Accountancy College Gaborone Botswana School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu Natal Durban South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331539733

Diagnosing retinopathy accurately and promptly from fundus images is crucial, for preventing vision loss and determining the treatment. This study delves into how well deep learning models perform on the Ophthalmic Disease Recognition (ODIR) dataset in categorizing fundus images. Four models were analyzed namely a ResNet50 used as the baseline, ResNet with data augmentation, Bayesian Optimization and Learning Rate Scheduling for hyperparameter fine tuning. After testing the accuracy, sensitivity (recall) and specificity of these models were assessed to uncover their strengths and weaknesses. The Bayesian Optimization model stood out as the most effective achieving a 94% accuracy with excellent sensitivity and specificity. data Augmentation also proved to enhance performance by enhancing accuracy and sensitivity. The performance boost from both models was statistically significant (at a = 0.05). This research highlights the importance of utilizing optimization methods like Bayesian Optimization to fine tune model hyperparameters for classification outcomes. These insights could have implications beyond retinopathy in medical image classification tasks paving the way for dependable models in clinical settings. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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New results on quantum boomerang attacks

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Quantum information Processing 2023年第4期22卷 1-27页

作者： Zou, Hongkai Zou, Jian Luo, Yiyuan College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Key Lab of Information Security of Network Systems Fuzhou University Fuzhou China School of Information Sciences and Technology Huizhou University Huizhou China

At SAC 2021, Frixons et al. proposed quantum boomerang attacks that can effectively recover the keys of block ciphers in the quantum setting. Based on their work, we further consider how to quantize the generic boomerang attacks proposed by Biham et al. at FSE 2002, so as to obtain more generic quantum boomerang attacks. Similar to Frixons et al.’s work, we only consider quantum key recovery attacks in the single-key setting. With the help of some famous quantum algorithms, this paper presents two methods to convert the attacks of Biham et al. into some new quantum key recovery attacks. In order to proof our methods, we apply our new ideas to attack Serpent-256 and ARIA-196. To sum up, for Serpent-256, we give valid 9-round and 10-round quantum key recovery attacks respectively. The quantum time complexity of 9-round and 10-round of Serpent-256 is 2 115.43 and 2 126.6 respectively. Furthermore, we show a valid quantum key attack on 6-round ARIA-196 which has a time complexity of 2 89.8 with negligible memory. The time complexity of the above quantum attacks are better than the corresponding classical attacks and quantum generic key recovery attack via Grover’s algorithm. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Quantum theory

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