The mechanical properties of crystalline lipid-based materials are dependent on the microscale structure formed during the crystallization process. In this work, we show for the first time that the mechanical properti...
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The mechanical properties of crystalline lipid-based materials are dependent on the microscale structure formed during the crystallization process. In this work, we show for the first time that the mechanical properties of such materials can be mathematically calculated by performing 3D mechanistic modeling on the exact microstructure obtained by non-destructive imaging. Initially, we obtained a digital twin of a monoglyceride-based oleogel from phase-contrast X-ray tomography. The microstructure was found to be composed of an interconnected network of crystalline platelets. Then, we applied micromechanical finite element modeling on the microstructure, which revealed that the effective shear modulus scales with the local solid fraction and also depends on the precise crystalline arrangement. Lastly, we designed composite materials in a digital environment by adding particle inclusions to the digital twin. The particle material, concentration and size are varied to demonstrate their effect on the composite's mechanical properties. The designed materials reveal that particle inclusions can either decrease or greatly increase the shear modulus of lipid-based materials. Our new micromechanical approach accelerates the design of lipid-based materials by leveraging virtual environments, leading the path towards materials with tailored mechanical properties.
BackgroundProstate cancer is most commonly diagnosed at a localized stage, allowing the majority of patients to receive curative treatment. The prognosis is often favorable, and there are numerous treatment options av...
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BackgroundProstate cancer is most commonly diagnosed at a localized stage, allowing the majority of patients to receive curative treatment. The prognosis is often favorable, and there are numerous treatment options available, emphasizing the importance of assessing the side effects associated with each treatment. Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy is one such treatment option, supported by robust evidence regarding its efficacy and side effects. However, most published data primarily rely on physician-assessed toxicity, which may underestimate the patient's experience of side effects. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the urinary side effects of LDR brachytherapy, with a focus on patient-reported *** retrospective study included 199 patients treated with LDR-brachytherapy years 2000-2012 at helsinkiuniversity Hospital. Questionnaires used to assess urinary toxicity were International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and The Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS). Additionally, sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Urinary function was assessed with flowmetry, reporting peak flow rate and postvoid residual *** was a deterioration in urinary function during the first six months post-procedure, as evidenced by a decline in the urinary function questionnaires and uroflowmetry measurements. For most patients, this deterioration was transient, with median symptom scores returning to baseline after one year. A slight discrepancy was observed between patient-reported outcome measures and urinary function assessed by *** brachytherapy is a well-tolerated treatment for localized prostate cancer. While many patients experience acute side effects that subside relatively quickly, there is a small risk of prolonged side effects. This risk should be thoroughly discussed with patients when making treatment decisions.
Log files can help detect and diagnose erroneous software behaviour, but their utility is limited by the ability of users and developers to sift through large amounts of text. Unsupervised machine learning tools have ...
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Log files can help detect and diagnose erroneous software behaviour, but their utility is limited by the ability of users and developers to sift through large amounts of text. Unsupervised machine learning tools have been developed to automatically find anomalies in logs, but they are usually not designed for situations where a large number of log streams or log files, each with its own characteristics, need to be analyzed and their anomaly scores compared. We propose Ladle, an accurate unsupervised anomaly detection and localization method that can simultaneously learn the characteristics of hundreds of log types and determine which log entries are the most anomalous across these log types. Ladle uses a sentence transformer (a large language model) to embed short overlapping segments of log files and compares new, potentially anomalous, log segments against a collection of reference data. The result of the comparison is re-centered by subtracting a baseline score indicating how much variation tends to occur in each log type, making anomaly scores comparable across log types. Ladle is designed to adapt to data drift and is updated by adding new reference data without the need to retrain the sentence transformer. We demonstrate the accuracy of Ladle on a real-world dataset consisting of logs produced by an endpoint protection platform test suite. We also compare Ladle's performance on the dataset to that of a state-of-the-art method for single-log anomaly detection, showing that the latter is inadequate for the multi-log task.
In many industrial processes, accumulation of fouling can lead to decreased production efficiency by weakening the flow in pipes or causing additional friction on the ships' hulls. To detect the fouled areas for d...
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In many industrial processes, accumulation of fouling can lead to decreased production efficiency by weakening the flow in pipes or causing additional friction on the ships' hulls. To detect the fouled areas for descaling, ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) can be utilized. Usually, this is carried out by coupling phased array collars of contact transducers onto the pipe. This can cause problems if the coupling changes over time, the temperature of the pipe is too high or the sensors need to be relocated. Here, we demonstrate how fouling can be detected without contact sensors, by using a pulse laser and a laser Doppler vibrometer. Furthermore, by employing broadband laser excitation, we are able to define the fouling attenuation coefficient and investigate the frequency dependencies of fouling-induced attenuation.
Background and purpose: Up to 80% of patients diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) experience complications such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage or posteri...
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Background and purpose: Up to 80% of patients diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) experience complications such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The aim was to evaluate the incidence of complications in patients diagnosed with RCVS in our clinic. Patients and methods: All adult patients (age >16 years) diagnosed with RCVS at the helsinkiuniversity Central Hospital during the period between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2022 were retrospectively identified. Medical and follow-up data were collected from medical records. Results: Eighty patients diagnosed with RCVS were identified, of whom four patients had parenchymal lesions such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, posterior cerebral encephalopathy syndrome, subarachnoid haemorrhage or combinations thereof. Conclusion: The complication rate of RCVS is lower than in previously published cohorts. This may be related to better and earlier diagnostics and earlier withdrawal of possible triggers.
Objective. Uveal melanomas and retinoblastomas can be treated with ophthalmic beta-emitting ruthenium-106/rhodium-106 applicators. The applicator manufacturer provides a datasheet of the dosimetric properties of each ...
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Objective. Uveal melanomas and retinoblastomas can be treated with ophthalmic beta-emitting ruthenium-106/rhodium-106 applicators. The applicator manufacturer provides a datasheet of the dosimetric properties of each applicator set, but the source strengths and 3D dose distributions should be verified by the end user with independent measurements. Approach. The purpose of this work was to calibrate diamond detector against low energy electron beam and determine necessary correction factors in the geometry of ophthalmic applicators to be able to perform quality assurance (QA) measurements for the applicators. Two separate sets of applicators were evaluated. Main results. The results showed good agreement with manufacturers' specifications. An average agreement of 3% to the manufacturer's reference data was observed: measured dose rate/reference = 0.97 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SD), range 0.90-1.05. Significance. It can be concluded that megavoltage electron beam is suitable for calibration of a diamond detector. After calibration, detector can be used for an absolute dose measurement of a ruthenium-106/rhodium-106 applicator with sufficient performance to detect deviations larger than 10% in the QA before clinical use.
Ultrasonic sensing, for instance for damage or fouling detection, is commonly carried out using rigid transducer collars, carefully placed for monitoring a well-defined local area of a structure. A distributed sensing...
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Ultrasonic sensing, for instance for damage or fouling detection, is commonly carried out using rigid transducer collars, carefully placed for monitoring a well-defined local area of a structure. A distributed sensing network consisting of individually placed transducers offers significant opportunities for monitoring larger areas or more complex geometries. For analyzing the signals of such a distributed system, we inherently require precise information on the sensor locations, the physical characteristics of the sensed medium, and the quality of the transducer coupling. Determining these parameters with sufficient accuracy is time-consuming even in laboratory conditions. More importantly, these parameters often change over time in industrial setups due to maintenance operations, the gradual degradation of the coupling, or a change in material characteristics as a result of deformations or fouling accumulation. We propose an automatic data-driven approach for overcoming this challenge. We infer accurate sensor locations and physical characteristics of the sensed medium by aligning observed signal features with a physical forward simulation, providing an automatic routine for both the initial estimation of the required parameters as well as their later automatic adaptation to compensate for drifts during operations. The method is successfully demonstrated in two separate ultrasonic sensing configurations, without requiring prior knowledge of the structure material or accurate sensor locations.
Saturated fats have unique structural properties that make them invaluable for the food industry;however, they have a weak effect on satiety, leading to passive overconsumption which contributes to cardiovascular dise...
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Saturated fats have unique structural properties that make them invaluable for the food industry;however, they have a weak effect on satiety, leading to passive overconsumption which contributes to cardiovascular disease, obesity and related health issues. Oleogels rich in unsaturated fatty acids have been explored as their replacement, potentially reducing cardiovascular disease risk. However, most oleogels still maintain a high caloric content, failing to provide a solution to the problem of obesity. To address the challenge of substituting saturated fats while also reducing caloric content, we developed a novel oleogel-in-oleogel system with partial indigestibility. The inner oleogel, gelled by ethylcellulose - a cellulose derivative with gut effects similar to dietary fibre -, passes through the intestine largely unaltered, while the outer oleogel is digestible and gelled by conventional gelators like candelilla wax, monoglycerides, and stearic acid. We compared this system to conventional multicomponent oleogels with the same composition. Our results showed that the oleogel-in-oleogel maintained its melting profile after the incorporation of the oleogel beads. The kinetic confinement of the oil allowed for the tailoring of the in vitro digestibility of the oleogel, reducing it by 17 %-26 % compared to the control oleogels, and up to 33 % compared to single-component oleogels. This oleogel-in-oleogel system is therefore capable of delivering fewer calories than fats and most oleogels, while still delivering essential fatty acids. These promising findings pave the way for developing oleogel-based systems with tailorable digestibility, aiming to replace saturated fats and potentially serve as a tool for controlling caloric intake and bodyweight.
AimsWe set out to assess the utility of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Historically, EMB sensitivity in CS is only <= 25%, but comprehensive analyses of its current diagnostic performance ...
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AimsWe set out to assess the utility of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Historically, EMB sensitivity in CS is only <= 25%, but comprehensive analyses of its current diagnostic performance are not *** and resultsThe data of 260 consecutive patients with CS (mean age 49 years, 60% female) meeting the Heart Rhythm Society diagnostic criteria were analysed retrospectively. Overall, 216 patients (83%) had undergone EMB, 47 with repeat procedures. EMB overall sensitivity was 38%, rising to 49% after repeat biopsies. On logistic regression analysis, positive EMB was predicted independently by presentation with ventricular tachyarrhythmia with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-12.0, p = 0.021), left ventricular ejection fraction <= 45% (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.1, p = 0.004), elevation of cardiac troponins (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.4, p = 0.024), and presence of late gadolinium enhancement in left ventricular mid-apical septal segments on magnetic resonance imaging (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2-13.8, p = 0.024). EMB sensitivity, counting in repeats, was 16% in patients (n = 37) without any independent predictor versus 38%, 60%, 79%, and 88% in those with 1 (n = 76), 2 (n = 62), 3 (n = 33), and 4/4 (n = 8) predictors, respectively. The rate of serious complications was 0.7% without mortality or permanent harm. Positive EMB was not an independent predictor of *** sensitivity of EMB in CS depends on the extent, activity, and location of myocardial involvement, being the higher the more severe CS is. Its use should rely on weighing the pre-test likelihood and individual value of positive biopsy against the procedural risks.
Purpose Several laboratory tests are used to monitor disease activity and possible complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to limited resources, it is important to identify patients who be...
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Purpose Several laboratory tests are used to monitor disease activity and possible complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to limited resources, it is important to identify patients who benefit the most from tight laboratory testing and follow-up. We sought to assess the correlation between a symptom-based clinical activity index and commonly monitored laboratory tests in a large patient population. Methods The Finnish IBD registry records a validated IBD symptom index questionnaire (IBD-SI) that measures disease activity and the influence of IBD on daily life in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The activity index was compared with the commonly measured laboratory values of fecal calprotectin (FC), hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results A total of 5044 IBD patients with 171,967 activity index measurement pairs were included. FC, Hb, and CRP correlated significantly with the activity index in both UC (Spearman's r 0.383, -0.212, 0.175;p < 0.001) and CD (Spearman's r 0.156, -0.176, 0.152;p < 0.001). No correlation between the activity index and ferritin (Spearman's r 0.038 [UC], 0.005 [CD];p = 0.020, p = 0.825) was found. Conclusion The activity index is a useful tool in the assessment of IBD activity. Active or inactive disease can be identified better, which may be beneficial in planning more personalized follow-up strategies. Tight monitoring of disease can be better targeted to the correct patient population, and the onset of disease flare may be caught at an earlier stage.
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