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Aggregation of tropical urban soils in the metropolis of sao paulo, southern Brazil

CATENA 2025年 249卷

作者： Costa, Jessica Furquim, Sheila Univ USP Dept Geog Sao Paulo Brazil Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP Dept Environm Sci Sao Paulo Brazil

This study investigated the interplay between the mechanisms of natural soil formation and human-induced alterations in tropical urban soils in sao paulo, Brazil, in order to understand soil dynamics, which are crucial for sustainable urban soil management. Through comprehensive field surveys and laboratory analyses, three soil pedons from Villa Lobos Park (sao paulo city), which was inaugurated in 1994, were studied. To carry out the research, morphological, chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses, as well as aggregate scanning, were conducted. A correlation matrix was created for each pedon to statically analyze the data. The results revealed that the soil composition and aggregation dynamics in Villa Lobos Park were influenced by both natural pedogenic processes and anthropogenic interventions. Over three decades, organic carbon enrichment from root decay and grass biomass decomposition has improved soil quality through melanization. Additionally, inherited organic matter (OM) amounts from technogenic deposits and deliberate OM additions during the establishment of the park have enhanced the organic content near the soil surface. Also, calcification is present. Aggregation dynamics are governed by factors such as aromatic humus, polysaccharide polymers, the synergistic action of fauna and roots, and facilitated by the wetting-drying cycles of the tropical climate and the abundance of cations, notably Ca2+. Rapid macroaggregate formation driven by the wetting-drying cycles and the extensive root networks was observed, combined with slower microaggregate development facilitated by the interaction of polysaccharides and organic-minerals complexes. Anthropogenic inputs, including clayey layers, construction residues, organic matter supplements, earthworm populations, and grass cultivation, significantly shaped soil aggregation dynamics, accelerating pedogenic transformations and improving the overall quality of the soil within the park. Understanding these

关键词： Urban soils Anthropogenic inputs Aggregation dynamics SUITMAs

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Visceral adipose tissue measured by DXA predicts metabolic syndrome in low-income community-dwelling elderly: Insights from the sao paulo Aging & Health (SPAH) study

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BONE 2025年 190卷 117308-117308页

作者： Valente, Gabriel V. Machado, Luana G. Figueiredo, Camille P. Caparbo, Valeria F. Takayama, Liliam Franco, Andre S. Fernandes, Alan L. Oliveira, Ricardo M. Pereira, Rosa M. R. Domiciano, Diogo S. Univ Sao Paulo Fac Med Rheumatol Div Bone Metab Lab Sao Paulo Brazil RDO Diagnost Med Sao Paulo Brazil

While visceral fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is accurate in identifying middle-aged people at increased cardiometabolic risk, consistent data for the elderly are still lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between DXA-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to establish optimal cutoffs for VAT to predict MetS in a low-income elderly Brazilian cohort. A total of 449 women and 258 men (>= 65 years) from the community were enrolled in this study. Participants underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations, along with body composition analysis by Hologic Discovery A densitometer. VAT was measured in the android region of the DXA scan. MetS was diagnosed using NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed the relationship between VAT and MetS. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated VAT's predictive accuracy for MetS, with optimal cutoffs determined by Youden's test to balance sensitivity and specificity. Mean ages were 76.6 f 4.7 years for men and 77.1 f 4.9 years for women. Mean BMIs were 26.5 f 3.8 kg/m2 for men and 29.0 f 5.2 kg/m2 for women. One hundred and seventy-five (41.5 %) men and 274 (61 %) women had MetS. After adjustments for confounders, multivariate analysis showed that VAT was independently associated with MetS in both men (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.15-1.72) and women (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.16-1.54, per each 100 g increase). Optimal VAT cutoffs to predict MetS were 642.5 g for men (AUC = 0.740) and 600.5 g for women (AUC = 0.729). Subanalysis for non-overweight/non-obese subjects yielded lower VAT cutoffs. Thus, VAT measured by DXA was significantly associated with MetS in older adults, regardless of BMI, emphasizing the critical role of VAT in predicting MetS. Therefore, VAT by DXA holds promise for evaluating MetS risk in the elderly. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate VAT's impact on major cardiovascular event incidence in this demograph

关键词： Visceral adipose tissue Body composition Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Metabolic syndrome Elderly

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Epidemiology and clinical burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the city of sao paulo, Brazil

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VACCINE 2025年 54卷 126992-126992页

作者： Jarovsky, Daniel Cereda, Rosangela Ferraz Figueiredo, Licieri Marotta Berezin, Eitan Naaman da Silva, Thiago Junqueira Avelino Kairalla, Maisa Carla Fernandes, Milene Nascimento, Bruna Pascarelli Pedrico do Marcelino, Cicera Pimenta Batista, Paula de Mendonca de Paula, Marina Della Negra Moreira, Thais das Neves Fraga Santa Casa Sao Paulo Sch Med Sci Sao Paulo Brazil MSD Brazil Global Med & Sci Affairs GMSA Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Hosp Clin HCFMUSP Serv Geriatria Lab Invest Med Envelhecimento LIM 66Fac Med Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil CTI Clin Trial & Consulting Serv Lisbon Portugal

Background: The Brazilian National Immunization Program does not offer universal pneumococcal vaccination for older adults. We evaluated the incidence, demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of older adults with IPD in sao paulo, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 94 adults aged 60+ hospitalized with IPD from 2016 to 2018 was conducted. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical data. Incidence was calculated by dividing the number of IPD patients in sao paulo by the population of individuals aged 60+ using the study hospitals. Results: Most patients had at least one risk factor, with cancer being the most common. Ninety percent had unknown vaccination status. The incidence rate per 100,000 people declined over the study period. Communityonset disease and bacteremic pneumonia were prevalent, while meningitis occurred in a smaller percentage. Hospitalization lasted a median of ten days, with 53 % of patients requiring ICU admission. Complications, supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and septic shock were observed during hospitalization. The case fatality rate for IPD was 43 %. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant burden of IPD in older adults in sao paulo and emphasizes the importance of extending pneumococcal vaccination to this population in Brazil to address the associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden.

关键词： S. pneumoniae Invasive pneumococcal disease IPD Elderly Burden of disease Incidence Pneumococcal vaccines

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Normal ranges of the fetal weight determined by ultrasound in the population of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina da universidade de sao paulo

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CLINICS 2025年 80卷 100616-100616页

作者： Hase, Eliane Azeka Amaral, Amanda Peres, Stela Verzinhasse Francisco, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Univ Sao Paulo Dept Obstet & Gynecol Escola Paulista Med Hosp ClinFac Med Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Objective: This study aimed to determine the normal range of fetal weight by ultrasound in pregnant women followed at the Obstetric Clinic of the Hospital das Cl & iacute;nicas of the Faculty of Medicine, university of sao paulo. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included singleton pregnant women without associated maternal diseases, at 15-41 weeks of gestation, who underwent their last ultrasound up to 7 days before birth. Fetal parameters analyzed for the normal range were biparietal diameter, femur length, head and abdominal circumference. 3rd, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 97th weight percentiles were determined for each gestational age. Newborns were classified by birth weight as Small (SGA), Appropriate (AGA), or Large (LGA) for gestational age. Results: Among 837 women admitted without maternal diseases, 136 were included and 379 examinations performed at 15-41 weeks of gestation. Multiple linear regression models were generated to develop the normal range of fetal weight. Three equations were selected, and six normal ranges were created considering the total population and stratified by fetal sex. Weight estimates were calculated for the 3rd, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 97th percentiles for each gestational age. Among the 136 newborns, 107 (78.7 %) were classified as AGA, 23 (16.9 %) as SGA, and 6 (4.4 %) as LGA. Conclusion: The normal range of the fetal weight determined by ultrasound in this population showed a good correlation with gestational age, enabling the fetal weight gain pattern evaluation. The equation based on four parameters, including days before birth, presented the lowest percentage error variation to estimate the normal range.

关键词： Pregnancy Gestational age Ultrasound Fetal Weight

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Modeling and Predicting Crimes in the City of sao paulo Using Graph Neural Networks 34th

Modeling and Predicting Crimes in the City of Sao Paulo Usin...

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34th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems

作者： Hassan, Waqar Cabral, Marvin Mendes Ramos, Thiago Rodrigo Filho, Antonio Castelo Nonato, Luis Gustavo Univ Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos Sao Carlos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031790348;9783031790355

Crime prediction is a critical research area for enhancing public safety and optimizing law enforcement resource allocation, and machine learning techniques have had a significant impact in this field. Traditional machine learning models have long struggled to capture complex crime patterns, primarily due to the intricate interdependence of spatial and temporal data. However, recent advancements in machine learning, particularly with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), offer a new perspective. GNNs have demonstrated remarkable success in various applications and they can also play a significant role in crime analysis and prediction. Therefore, in this work, we explore such a potential by examining two distinct spatiotemporal GNN architectures, namely Dynamic Self-Attention Network (DySAT) and Evolving Graph Convolutional Network (EvolveGCN), assessing and comparing their effectiveness for crime prediction. Moreover, we propose a data modeling framework that integrates crime, street map graphs, and urban data, which is fundamental to properly train the GNN models. As far as we know, there is no consolidated methodology to integrate those three modalities of data, being a relevant contribution of this work. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of GNNs in crime prediction tasks, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of crime prevention and public safety enhancement.

关键词： Data modeling Graph neural networks Crime prediction

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Impact of urban green areas on air quality: An integrated analysis in the metropolitan area of sao paulo

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2025年 372卷 126082页

作者： Oliveira, Maria Carla Queiroz Diniz Miranda, Regina Maura de Andrade, Maria de Fatima Kumar, Prashant Univ Sao Paulo Sch Arts Sci & Humanities Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Surrey Fac Engn & Phys Sci Global Ctr Clean Air Res GCARE Sch Sustainabil Civil & Environm Engn Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Univ Surrey Inst Sustainabil Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England

Cities must be prepared to improve the quality of life, including exposure to air pollutants, for their residents as urban populations continue to grow. Green infrastructure and green areas have proven increasingly important in tackling this challenge. This study examined the relationship between urban green spaces and air pollution in the sao paulo Metropolitan Area. Using PM10 and PM2.5 as indicators of atmospheric pollutants and NDVI and NDBI to evaluate green areas and building density, statistical tools such as cluster analysis and Sen's Slope test were applied, complemented by visual analyses with temporal heat maps. The results indicated a general reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from 2014 to 2023, with NDVI increasing until 2021 and then decreasing, possibly due to real estate speculation. Regions with higher NDVI showed 50 % lower PM concentrations compared with industrial and high-traffic areas. The Sen's Slope analysis outlined the influence of tree-planting public policies on reducing pollutant levels. These findings the ongoing importance of research on the interaction between green areas and urban air quality to inform decision-makers.

关键词： Green areas NDVI NDBI Sa o paulo PM 2.5 concentration and PM 10

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Electric or internal combustion vehicles? A Life Cycle Assessment in sao paulo

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RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2025年 212卷

作者： Maselli, Michele Pelegrina, Juliano de Mello, Adriana Marotti Souza, Joao Valsecchi Ribeiro Marx, Roberto Priarone, Paolo C. Univ Sao Paulo Polytech Sch Dept Prod Engn Ave Prof Luciano Gualberto 1380 BR-05508010 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Econ Business Adm & Accounting Dept Business Adm Ave Bandeirantes 908 BR-14040905 Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Polytech Sch Dept Prod Engn Ave Prof Luciano Gualberto 1380 BR-05508010 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Politecn Torino Dept Management & Prod Engn Corso Duca Abruzzi 24 I-10129 Turin Italy

To reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 (Sustainable Cities) and 13 (Climate Action), replacing Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) with Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is a key policy action. This study evaluates and compares the GHG emissions of BEVs and ICEVs in a Global South megacity (sao paulo), with diverse fuel options (gasoline and ethanol) and a cleaner electricity mix, through a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), covering the Production Phase (Cradle-to-Gate), Use Phase (Well-to-Wheel), and End-of-Life Phase. Factors such as battery capacity fade, driving style, and driving cycle are also considered. Results indicate that gasoline-fuelled ICEVs are significantly worse in terms of GHG emissions. BEVs, particularly with the Brazilian clean electricity grid mix, offer substantial emission reductions for light-duty vehicles. Using ethanol as a fuel can be a viable interim practice, as emissions from ethanol-fuelled ICEVs are comparable to BEVs. The recycling of vehicles and batteries and the potential for secondary battery use are crucial parameters affecting overall emissions across different scenarios. This research aims to aid policymakers in developing effective strategies and public policies for energy efficiency and GHG emission reduction in vehicles. It advances knowledge on vehicle emissions by utilizing comprehensive data from a city with diverse fuel options and a cleaner energy mix. Notably, this paper is a pioneer in applying a full LCA to BEV adoption in a Global South city.

关键词： Life cycle assessment Battery electric vehicles Internal combustion engines vehicles GHG emissions

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City profile: Transformations and challenges of sao paulo's historic triangle

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CITIES 2025年 156卷

作者： Samimi, Sayed Abdul Basir Rozestraten, Artur Bueno, Beatriz Piccolotto Siqueira Univ Sao Paulo Sch Architecture & Urbanism Brazil FAUUSP R Lago 876 BR-05508080 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Architecture & Urbanism Dept Architectural Technol R Lago 876 BR-05508080 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Architecture & Urbanism Dept Architectural Hist & Design Aesthet Brazil FAUUSP R Lago 876 BR-05508080 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Unlike other American megacities, sao paulo's financial and administrative center has shifted multiple times, specifically four times over the last century. These shifts have significantly affected the city's former centers. This study examines the transformation of sao paulo's original center, the Historic Triangle, where layers of urban development that rapidly overlaid in the 20th century led to the demolition of historic buildings and verticalization. The shift of centrality subsequently caused the decay of this historic center. Despite the decline in its financial and administrative importance, the Historic Triangle remained a valuable site for its architectural heritage, though its cultural landscape and imageability are at risk. The data for this study was gathered from site surveys, historical maps, and experts' opinions and was analyzed using GIS and SPSS. An original 3D video was produced to illustrate the transformation and rapid verticalization of the Historic Triangle. To address the complex architectural landscape, the existing buildings are categorized into three generations: 1stG (oldest), 2ndG (transitional), and 3rdG (newest). We examined each category's fa & ccedil;ade details, building design, and urban integration and provided recommendations for conservation measures and policies to preserve the site's historical integrity and enhance its new role as a tourist heritage center.

关键词： Urban development Historic preservation Sa o paulo history Architectural evolution 3D modeling Conservation policies

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Modernity and democracy in normal school: the School Republic in the 1920 reform in sao paulo (Brazil)

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PAEDAGOGICA HISTORICA 2025年第1期61卷 69-87页

作者： Nery, Ana Clara Bortoleto Honorato, Tony Sao Paulo State Univ Dept Sch Adm & Supervis Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Estadual Londrina Dept Educ Londrina Brazil

At a time when extremist movements are gaining proportions on the world stage, it is relevant to reanalyse experiences that intended to establish democracy as a principle in school education. The School Republic was one of them, which was proposed by the Sampaio Doria Reform, in 1920, taking the New School as its context;the School Republic aimed to promote modernity and provide students with knowledge and experience, and incorporate democracy. The School Republic was a student association that had the function of practical learning in civic education. Organised along the lines of a presidential republic, the association should have its own constitution to govern its operation. This article aims to analyse the School Republic proposal and its role in teacher education for democracy and to map the experiences of implementing school republics in normal schools. The starting point is that by having self-government as its axis, the student association would promote new configurations and change the constituted ethos and habitus, threatening the established and inscribed power of principals and teachers in normal schools. For Sampaio Doria, students should learn to live in a democracy through civic activities. Among other changes promoted by the reform, the more horizontal relationship between teacher and student seems to have shaken the school field, ending the school republic

关键词： School Republic education reform modernity and democracy normal school

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Morphotectonics in intraplate setting: The case of the western border of the sao paulo Basin - Southeastern Brazil

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JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES 2025年 159卷

作者： Pinheiro, Marcos Roberto Villela, Fernando Nadal Junqueira Cianfarra, Paola Univ Sao Paulo Fac Philosophy Languages & Human Sci Dept Geog Lab Pedol Ave Prof Lineu Prestes 338 BR-05508000 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Fac Philosophy Languages & Human Sci Dept Geog Lab Geomorphol Ave Prof Lineu Prestes 338 BR-05508000 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Genoa Dipartimento Sci Terra Dell Ambiente & Della I-16132 Genoa Italy

In the last decades, many researches have highlighted the role of Neotectonics on landforms in intraplate settings. However, the low magnitude seismicity and the action of erosion and weathering, which obliterates traces of tectonic activity, present great challenges to recent tectonic studies in some regions, such as in the Precambrian basement of South and Southeast Brazil. In this way, the objective of this research is to explore the Neotectonic activity and its relationships with landforms in the transition between the western border of the sao paulo Basin (Paleogene) and the Precambrian basement. In order to achieve this aim, topographic and aeromagnetic lineaments were traced in Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (spatial resolution: 30 m) and aeromagnetic data, respectively, and compared with seismicity data. Structural data were surveyed in outcrops, and paleostresses were computed by the fault-slip inversion with Daisy 3 software. Morphometric indices (Stream Length-Gradient Index, Basin Shape, Asymmetry Factor) were calculated in order to evaluate possible tectonic signatures on landforms, especially in the drainage network. In addition, a detailed morphotectonic map of a subset of the study area was done. The results of this work indicate that the study area shows several traces of tectonic activity (rectilinear water divisors and streams, elbows, asymmetrical valleys, right-angle confluences, knickpoints, elongated drainage basins, triangular facets and hillslope breaks). However, there is not structural data supporting the hypothesis that old shear zones have been reactivated in the current tectonic environment. The strong tectonic control on the landscape seems to reflect particularly an adaptation of the fluvial system to ancient inherited structures printed in the Precambrian basement.

关键词： Neotectonics Morphotectonics Intraplate tectonic Brittle deformation Morphometric indices Paleostress

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