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4th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS 2002

作者： Christoffel, Michael Schmitt, Bethina Schneider, Jürgen Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9729805067

the success of the Internet as a medium for the supply and commerce of various kinds of goods and services leads to a fast growing number of autonomous and heterogeneous providers that offer and sell goods and services electronically. the new market structures have already entered all kinds of markets. Approaches for market infrastructures usually try to cope with the heterogeneity of the providers by special wrapper components, which translate between the native protocols of the providers and the protocol of the market infrastructure. Enforcing a special interface to the provider limits their independence. Moreover, requirements such as a direct access to the internal business logic and databases of the providers or fix templates for internal data structures are not suitable to establish a real open electronic market. A solution is the limitation of the access to the existing Web interface of the provider. this solution keeps the independence of the providers without burdening them additional work. However, for efficiency reasons, it keeps necessary to tailor a wrapper for each provider. What comes more, each change in the provider or its Web representation forces the modification of the existing wrapper or even the development of a new wrapper. In this paper, we present an approach for a wrapper for complex Web interfaces, which can easily be adapted to any provider just by adding a source description file. A tool allows the construction and modification of source descriptions without expert knowledge. Common changes in the Web representation can be detected and comprehended automatically. the presented approach has been applied to the market of scientific literature.

关键词： Open markets Provider integration Web interfaces Wrapper generation

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Decision support with imprecise data for consumers 1st

Decision support with imprecise data for consumers

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1st International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World, Soft-Ware 2002

作者： Luk Á Cs, Gergely Universität Karlsruhe Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Am Fasanengarten 5 Karlsruhe76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)354043481X

Only imperfect data is available in many decision situations, which therefore plays a key role in the decision theory of economic science. It is also of key interest in computer science, among others when integrating autonomous information systems: the information in one system is often imperfect from the view of another system. the case study for the present work combines the two issues: the goal of the information integration is to provide decision support for consumers, the public. By the integration of an electronic timetable for public transport with a geographically referenced database, for example, with rental apartments, it is possible to choose alternatives, for example, rental apartments from the database that have a good transport connection to a given location. However, if the geographic references in the database are not sufficiently detailed, the quality of the public transport connections can only be characterized imprecisely. this work focuses on two issues: the representation of imprecise data and the sort operation for imprecise data. the proposed representation combines intervals and imprecise probabilities. When the imprecise data is only used for decision making with the Bernoulli-principle, a more compact representation is possible without restricting the expressive power. the key operation for decision making, the sorting of imprecise data, is discussed in detail. the new sort operation is based on so called π-cuts, and is particularly suitable for consumer decision support. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： database systems

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Service oer and request descriptions in mobile environments?

Service oer and request descriptions in mobile environments?

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8th Workshop of the German Informatics Society on Mobile databases and Information Systems: Mobile databases - today, tomorrow and in 20 Years, GI 2005, GI Conference on database Systems for Business, technology and Web, BtW 2005

作者： Grunbauer, Johannes Klein, Michael Institut fur Informatik Technische Universität München 85748 Garching Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

In order to obtain robust and context-aware applications in mobile environments, service oriented computing can be a very promising programming paradigm. Here, the participants cooperate in a loosely coupled manner by invoking context-depend services on demand. However, the approach demands for an expressive description of the offered and requested services. this paper aims at giving a basis for discussion on the requirements and approaches when describing services for mobile environments.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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A study of the impact of structure on cooperation in networks

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Web Intelligence and Agent Systems 2011年第3期9卷 269-288页

作者： Schosser, Stephan Böhm, Klemens Vogt, Bodo Institute of Economic Theory and Statistics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Zirkel 2 76128 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Am Fasanengarten 5 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Faculty of Economics Empirical Economics Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany

the concern of this paper is that nodes in a distributed system cooperate. We demonstrate that adding structure to such systems can help to induce cooperation. 'Adding structure' means bounding the number of nodes a node can directly interact with - if two unconnected nodes wish to interact, they have to do so via a chain of intermediaries which are connected. to validate our claim, we analyze one specific system where structure has been added. Different methods exist for such analyses: Economists use behavioral experiments to study human behavior. Computer scientists rely on simulations, to obtain results that are robust and scalable. Both use game theory to arrive at formal results. Each approach in isolation has its disadvantages: Behavioral experiments do not allow analyzing many different combinations of parameter values and do not scale well. Game theory supports analyzing system equilibria, but may result in complex or even unsolvable models, in particular when considering system dynamics. Simulations rely on the intuition of the system designer - this is hazardous in strategic settings. We pursue a combination of these approaches and show that the degree of cooperation in our setting is high. More specifically, after having shown with behavioral experiments that humans tend to use cut-off strategies, we translate the strategies used into a game theoretic model and show that they yield an efficient equilibrium. Simulations show that the system reaches this equilibrium given random start populations if the rate of free riders is low. We conclude by saying how our work affects the design of distributed systems from a computer science perspective. © 2011 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Game theory

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Description and Matching of Services in Mobile Environments

Description and Matching of Services in Mobile Environments

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Mobile Information Management 2004

作者： Grünbauer, Johannes Klein, Michael Institut für Informatik Technische Universität München Garching85748 Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe76128 Germany

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Reverse engineering software-models of component-based systems

Reverse engineering software-models of component-based syste...

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12th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering

作者： Chouambe, Landry Klatt, Benjamin Krogmann, Klaus Professional Services Organisation Netviewer AG Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organisation Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421572

An increasing number of software systems is developed using component technologies such as COM, CORBA, or EJB. Still, there is a lack of support to reverse engineer such systems. Existing approaches claim reverse engineering of components, but do not support composite components. Also, external dependencies such as required interfaces are not made explicit. Furthermore, relaxed component definitions are used, and obtained components are thus indistinguishable from modules or classes. We present an iterative reverse engineering approach that follows the widely used definition of components by Szyperski. It enables third-party reuse of components by explicitly stating their interfaces and supports composition of components. Additionally, components that are reverse engineered with the approach allow reasoning on properties of software architectures at the model level. For the approach, source code metrics are combined to recognize components. We discuss the selection of source code metrics and their interdependencies, which were explicitly taken into account. An implementation of the approach was successfully validated within four case studies. Additionally, a fifth case study shows the scalability of the approach for an industrial-size system.

关键词： reverse engineering components modeling software performance

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Asynchronous Service Discovery in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Asynchronous Service Discovery in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

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Persistence, Scalability, transactions - database Mechanisms for Mobile Applications 2003

作者： Nagi, Khaled König-Ries, Birgitta Computer Science Department Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University El-Shatby Alexandria Egypt Institute for Program Structures Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe KarlsruheD-76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3885793725

the wide availability of mobile devices equipped with wireless communication devices paves the way for building highly dynamic communities of ad-hoc networks. For an asynchronous service discovery in this environment, we suggest the use of mobile agents. Here, we concentrate on file sharing and exchanging services. We adopt a new asynchronous approach for discovering and locating these files, since the availability of files in this particular domain will change significantly over time when nodes constantly join and leave the network. In this paper, we present a typical application scenario, highlight the main components of the system architecture and discuss the technical challenges facing us while trying to port main infrastructural features of traditional database management systems to our mobile light-weight software agents. © 2003 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile agents

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Decision support under imperfections in electronic commerce

Decision support under imperfections in electronic commerce

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International Workshop on database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： G. Lukacs Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

the selection of products and services is a central issue in electronic commerce. Available data is often not sufficient to allow a precise evaluation and user preferences are usually vague. In this paper, a model for deciding under imperfect information is presented. the decision model handles two types of imperfections: imprecisions on the side of the alternatives and vagueness in the preferences of the users. Incomplete description of the alternatives may result in imprecisions in the evaluation of their features. the decision model provides a framework to reduce these imprecisions by completing information from external sources. Besides, fuzzy query conditions allow users to express vague preferences. A scenario illustrates the use of the decision model where the goal is to select a rental apartment from classified advertisements with respect to its availability by public transport.

关键词： Electronic commerce Information retrieval Electronic mail Investments Internet Power generation economics Food products Diabetes Packaging Energy efficiency

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towards an interactive query environment for a multi-attribute decision model with imprecise data and vague query conditions

Towards an interactive query environment for a multi-attribu...

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International Workshop on database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： G. Lukacs Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

A multi-attribute decision model aiming at the selection of an efficient set of alternatives is presented. the major challenge is that the alternatives are not perfectly known, i.e., the associated values may be imprecise. Furthermore, for improved user friendliness, vague query conditions are allowed. Imprecise scores are described by probability distributions, vague query conditions by fuzzy predicates. the philosophy of the presented approach is to create an environment similar to the multidimensional spreadsheet front-end of data warehouses, in which the user can interactively discover the imperfect answers. In particular, numeric measures that allow an aggregated view of alternatives are defined. A geographic information retrieval scenario demonstrates the use of the decision model.

关键词： Information systems Probability distribution Multidimensional systems data warehouses Particle measurements Information retrieval Decision making Decision support systems Internet Environmental economics

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Indirect Reciprocity in Policy-Based Helping Experiments

Indirect Reciprocity in Policy-Based Helping Experiments

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European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS)

作者： Christian von der Weth Klemens Böhm thorben Burghardt Christian Hütter Jing Zhi Yue Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Karlsruhe Germany

In service-oriented architectures, participants keep interacting by exchanging tasks, in order to increase their benefit. Since carrying out a task incurs costs, and participants often interact with unknown partners, uncooperative behavior dominates in the absence of a mechanism. A well-known economic model describing this situation is the Helping Game. In previous helping experiments, participants decide 'by hand' before each interaction whether to carry out the task or not. In online environments however, such manual decisions are infeasible. this paper focuses on policy-based helping experiments, i.e., participants formulate policies stating when exactly they accept a task. this approach gives way to many questions, e.g., what kinds of policies are formulated, how do the policies affect the outcome of the experiments, is the outcome different from the ones of previous helping experiments, how does it depend on the language used to formulate policies, etc. In an extensive study, we address these and related questions. As a result, most participants behave strategically and make use of information on the previous behavior of others. the results indicate that participants perceive that cooperative behavior pays off. Further, despite the infinite policy space, we could discover eight meaningful categories to classify all formulated policies.

关键词： Service oriented architecture Grid computing Web services Costs Environmental economics Cultural differences Global communication Semiconductor optical amplifiers

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