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Functional analysis of an Optical Real Time Locating System in production environments

Procedia CIRP 2022年 107卷 1107-1111页

作者： Sebastian Bienia Michael Demes Joshua Dreger Klaus Dröder Sebastian Thiede Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology Langer Kamp 19b 38106 Braunschweig Germany Department of Design Production & Management Faculty of Engineering Technology University of Twente De Horst 2 Building 20 Enschede 7522 LW The Netherlands

Driven by the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), Real Time Location Systems (RTLS) are gaining importance. Holistic information about the position and movement of persons, vehicles and goods is an essential prerequisite for being able to efficiently automate entire process chains in the future with increasing machine autonomy. RTLS technologies enable the spatial and temporal localisation of objects within an environment. The current technological standard in the field of RTLS is based on anchors and transponders (e.g. Ultra Wide Band (UWB) systems), which use radio frequency (RF) signals to determine positions. However, the need for additional technical equipment is also a major weakness of these systems. In this paper, a new technological approach for real-time localisation of objects for industrial applications is presented. The proposed optical RTLS (ORTLS) is based on a decentralised sensor network, which enables the positioning of persons, vehicles and objects in industrial environments by means of artificial intelligence (AI) based object detection. In order to be able to use the system for safety-relevant applications in the future, certification must be obtained with regard to applicable regulations. A prerequisite for this is the validation and monitoring of the system performance with regard to the requirements of functional safety. For the analysis and evaluation of the system performance, this paper presents a methodology for the analysis of the AI-based detection under consideration of the environmental factors.

关键词： Virtual Digital Smart Factories Human centric Manufacturing Systems machines Operators’ Digital Twins Artificial Intelligence Methods Big Data Analytics for Smart production Systems Human-machine Intelligent Cooperation machine Robot 4.0 Operator 4.0

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Surface drag analysis after Ti-6Al-4V orthogonal cutting using grid distortion 5

Surface drag analysis after Ti-6Al-4V orthogonal cutting usi...

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5th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2020

作者： Sela, A. Ortiz-De-Zarate, G. Soler, D. Aristimuño, P. Soriano, D. Germain, G. Ducobu, F. Arrazola, P.J. Faculty of Engineering Mondragon Unibertsitatea Arrasate20500 Spain Arts et Métiers ParisTech CER Angers Laboratoire LAMPA 2 Bd du Ronceray Angers Cedex 149035 France Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab Mons7000 Belgium

Surface integrity directly affects the mechanical behavior of the workpiece, which is especially relevant on fatigue behavior. To characterize the quality of the machined surface, aspects such as material damage, roughness or residual stress are considered. Measurement of the material damage of the surface is characterized in some cases as surface drag, depth of the affected machining zone, a phenomenon which takes place due to plastic strain in the surface layer caused by machining stress which could have an influence on residual stress. Surface drag measurement done with optical microscopes has relevant uncertainty. In this paper, a methodology to measure the surface drag with lower uncertainty is proposed. The method consists of measuring the deformation of a grid as a result of the machining process. The grid was created with micromilling. The method was applied to analyze the effect of feed on the surface integrity after orthogonal cutting of Ti-6Al-4V. The depth of the affected layer was measured using a 3D optical measuring device (Alicona Infinite Focus IFG4) and compared with numerical simulations and a good agreement was achieved. In comparison with optical microscope results, it can be concluded that traditional method underestimates surface drag. © 2020 The Author(s).

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Experimental analysis of chemical removal effect in RISA grinding of optical glass

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 123卷 304-309页

作者： Kodai Shimodo Hinata Takamaru Yusuke Chiba Hidebumi Kato Mikinori Nagano Masahiko Fukuta Katsutoshi Tanaka Kentaro Watanabe Kazuhisa Hamazono Yasuhiro Kakinuma Department of System Design Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan Production Headquarters Nikon Corp. 1-10-1 Asamizo-dai Minami-ku Sagamihara 252-0328 Japan Nano processing System Division Shibaura Machine Co. Ltd. 2068-3 Ohoka Numazu 410-0022 Japan

In the large-aperture lens manufacturing, not only high surface quality but also high productivity is required. From this perspective, Reaction-Induced-Slurry-Assisted grinding (RISA grinding), in which cerium oxide slurry is supplied instead of using general grinding fluid, has been developed to achieve high surface quality at high removal rate. However, the surface profile error becomes large due to chemical removal effect of the cerium oxide slurry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the influence of the chemical removal effect on the surface profile error using AE signals and servo current signals in RISA grinding. First, relation between dwell time and removal depth is analyzed by conducting a basic grinding test without the workpiece rotation. The result shows that the actual removal depth increases with increase of dwell time despite applying the constant depth of cut. Then, zero-cut RISA grinding test is conducted. It is found that the removal process proceeds even though zero-cut grinding, and its removal rate varies according to the wheel feed rate. Furthermore, the amount of cerium oxide abrasives adhered to the grinding wheel can be estimated from the AE signals and servo current signals.

关键词： Ultra-precision grinding Chemical mechanical grinding Optical lens

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A Nonlinear African Vulture Optimization Algorithm Combining Henon Chaotic Mapping Theory and Reverse Learning Competition Strategy

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Baiyi Zhang, Zipeng Siarry, Patrick Liu, Xinhua Królczyk, Grzegorz Hua, Dezheng Brumercik, Frantisek Li, Zhixiong School of Mechatronic Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China University Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne 61 Av. du General de Gaulle Creteil94010 France Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Automation Products Opole University of Technology Opole45-758 Poland Department of Design and Machine Elements Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Zilina Univerzitna 1 Zilina010 26 Slovakia Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of

As a new intelligent optimization algorithm, the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA) has been widely used in various fields today. However, when solving complex multimodal problems, the AVOA still has some shortcomings, such as low searching accuracy, deficiency on the search capability and tendency to fall into local optimum. In order to alleviate the main shortcomings of the AVOA, a nonlinear African vulture optimization algorithm combining Henon chaotic mapping theory and reverse learning competition strategy (HWEAVOA) is proposed. Firstly, the Henon chaotic mapping theory and elite population strategy are proposed to improve the randomness and diversity of the vulture's initial population;Furthermore, the nonlinear adaptive incremental inertial weight factor is introduced in the location update phase to rationally balance the exploration and exploitation abilities, and avoid individual falling into a local optimum;The reverse learning competition strategy is designed to expand the discovery fields for the optimal solution and strengthen the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution. HWEAVOA and other advanced comparison algorithms are used to solve classical and CEC2022 test functions. Compared with other algorithms, the convergence curves of the HWEAVOA drop faster and the line bodies are smoother. These experimental results show the proposed HWEAVOA is ranked first in all test functions, which is superior to the comparison algorithms in convergence speed, optimization ability, and solution stability. Meanwhile, HWEAVOA has reached the general level in the algorithm complexity, and its overall performance is competitive in the swarm intelligence algorithms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Computational complexity

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Application of RISA grinding method to multiple optical glasses 6th

Application of RISA grinding method to multiple optical glas...

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6th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2022

作者： Takamaru, Hinata Kawasato, Tappei Watanabe, Kentaro Fukuta, Masahiko Tanaka, Katsutoshi Chiba, Yusuke Kato, Hidebumi Nagano, Mikinori Kakinuma, Yasuhiro Department Of System Design Engineering Faculty Of Science And Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama223-8522 Japan Nano Processing System Division Shibaura Machine Co. Ltd. Ohoka Numazu 2068-3 410-0022 Japan Production Headquarters Nikon Corp. 1-10-1 Asamizo-dai Minami-ku Sagamihara252-0328 Japan

A more efficient and precise grinding method for optical glasses is demanded to improve lens quality and productivity. The Reaction Induced Slurry Assisted (RISA) grinding method enhances the ability of ductile regime grinding by utilizing the chemical mechanical action of cerium oxide slurry. In this study, the grinding performance of RISA grinding to multiple optical glasses is experimentally evaluated. The result shows that RISA grinding efficiently produces a fine quality surface of crown glass with high Si-O bond content. © 2022 The Author(s).

关键词： Cerium oxide

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A new variable for characterising irregular element geometries in experiments and DEM simulations 34

A new variable for characterising irregular element geometri...

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34th International ECMS Conference on Modelling and Simulation, ECMS 2020

作者： Bagi, Katalin Orosz, Ákos Department of Structural Mechanics Faculty of Civil Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics BudapestH-1111 Hungary Department of Machine and Production Design Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics BudapestH-1111 Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9783937436685

Discrete element method (DEM) has proved to be an excellent tool for modelling bulk materials. Contrarily to the early stages of these simulations when mainly circular and spherical elements were used, extensive research is going on regarding the application of complex element shapes, e.g. polyhedra. Robust and objective geometry characterisation methods are needed to quantify the shape of virtual and real particles in order to assess the effect of particle shape on the global mechanical behaviour. This paper proposes a weighted fabric tensor that is able to characterise the shape of individual particles in such a way that the preferred potential load-bearing direction(s) are pointed out. The three eigenvalues of this tensor express whether the stone block or grain is compact, flaky, rod-like, or is an intermediate shape in between the three basic shapes. The proposed approach has computational advantages in quantifying the results of imaging processes of stones and grains deterministically without any subjectivity. It has the advance over the traditional bounding box approaches that it is directly based on the orientations of the surface normal vectors, i.e. those directions along which an assembly of stones or grains can best transmit the internal forces. © ECMS Mike Steglich, Christian Mueller, Gaby Neumann, Mathias Walther.

关键词： Finite difference method

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Upscaling strategies for polymer additive manufacturing: An assessment from economic and environmental perspective for SLS, MJF and DLP 54

Upscaling strategies for polymer additive manufacturing: An ...

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54th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Ssystems, CMS 2021

作者： Thiede, Sebastian Wiese, Mathias Herrmann, Christoph Manufacturing Systems Faculty of Engineering Technology Department of Design Production and Management University of Twente De Horst 2 Enschede7522 LW Netherlands Polymer Additive Manufacturing Center AUDI AG Auto-Union-Straße 1 Ingolstadt85045 Germany Chair of Sustainable Manufacturing and Life Cycle Engineering Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19b Braunschweig38106 Germany

Without a question, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are of strong and even further increasing importance nowadays. While incorporating strong potentials in context of customer-individual geometries, there are challenges when it comes to upscaling of production volumes due to long process times. The upscaling characteristics also differ among the available AM technologies. Against this background, this paper introduces and analyses different upscaling strategies from AM process perspective (for MJF, SLS and DLP) in context of economic and environmental performance criteria. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3D printers

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Surface drag analysis after Ti-6Al-4V orthogonal cutting using grid distortion

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 87卷 372-377页

作者： A. Sela G. Ortiz-de-Zarate D. Soler P. Aristimuño D. Soriano G. Germain F. Ducobu P.J. Arrazola Faculty of Engineering Mondragon Unibertsitatea 20500 Arrasate Spain Arts et Métiers ParisTech CER Angers - Laboratoire LAMPA - 2 Bd du Ronceray 49035 Angers Cedex 1 France University of Mons (UMONS) Faculty of Engineering (FPMs) Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab 7000 Mons Belgium

关键词： Surface drag surface integrity orthogonal cutting Ti-6Al-4V

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Calibration method of hybrid machining process in the green ceramic combining micro-milling and laser machining 19

Calibration method of hybrid machining process in the green ...

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19th International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2019

作者： Demarbaix, Anthonin Rivière-Lorphèvre, Edouard Ducobu, François Dolimont, Adrien Petit, Fabrice Juste, Enrique Univesity of Mons- Faculty of Engineering-Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab Place du Parc 20 Mons7000 Belgium Research and Technological Support Department Av. Gouverneur Cornez 4 Mons7000 Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775145

The requirements for quality improvement of engineered products are increasingly stringent, and specially when the miniaturization and difficult-to-machine materials are considered. The development of hybrid machining processes (HMPs) answers this problem. Indeed, HMPs are variants of traditional manufacturing processes (TMPs) and non-traditional manufacturing processes (NTMPs). Both are combinations of either one or more specific advanced machining processes. MACHCERAM Platform is composed of a micro-milling process and a laser machining process used one by one (a sequential HMP). In order to couple both processes, their references frames must theoretically be the same, which is not accurate and induces an offset when moving from one process to the other. This machine tool is devolopped to machine advanced ceramics that are very complex due to hardness. Nowadays, many solutions exist to improve the machinability. One of the solutions is the green machining which occurs in a production stage in which the material can also easily be machined. The green machining is usually used in the industry field due to the fact that the environmental impact is lesser in ceramic machining. The aim of this paper is to develop a calibration method of MACHCERAM Platform which is used to machine a green ceramic by means of the non-contact technology due to weakness of the green body. © 2019 European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 19th International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

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Application of tool electrodes oxidised with humid and dry air during the electro-discharge drilling of MAR-M247 alloy 21

Application of tool electrodes oxidised with humid and dry a...

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21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021

作者： Uhlmann, E. Polte, M. Streckenbach, J. Camin, B. Chocholaty, O. Dinh, N.C. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Institute for Materials Science and Technology Metallic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Germany Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Material Science and Technology University of West Bohemia Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775190

The requirements and challenges of machining advanced materials in the field of aerospace, automotive and tool industry are increasing constantly. Due to their mechanical properties, cutting of high-strength materials such as superalloys is severely limited. Electro-discharge drilling can be used for the manufacturing of holes in hard to machine materials. Although electrical discharge machining (EDM) is successfully applied to the machining of holes in turbine blades, a lack of performance and challenges concerning the geometrical accuracy still remain. By applying inner flushing, the resulting electrically conductive debris is flushed through the lateral working gap, increasing the probability of arcs and short circuits. The resulting increased tool wear, conicity of the hole, limited hole depth and process instabilities are still challenging in electro-discharge drilling. In order to decrease the effects of the arcs and short circuits, a surface modification is applied to increase the electrical resistance of the lateral surface of the tool electrode. As a result, the mentioned impairments occur less frequently due to decreased occurrence of arcs and short circuits in the lateral working gap. For the present investigation copper tool electrodes were thermally oxidised in dry and humid air with different durations and used afterwards for electro-discharge drilling of MAR-M247. The tests were carried out on the machine tool AGIETRON Compact 1 from the company GF AgieCharmilles, Losone, Switzerland. Holes with a depth of t = 11 mm were drilled using various surface-modified tool electrodes with a diameter of d = 2 mm. Oxidation with dry air and a extended oxidation time resulted in a 18 % lower erosion duration, accompanied by an increase of the linear wear of the tool electrode Δle below 10 %. © 2021 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxidation

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