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GMM/ITG/GI-Workshop Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Modellierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systemen, MBMV 2020 - GMM/ITG/GI Workshop Methods and Description Languages for Modeling and Verification of Circuits and Systems, MBMV 2020

作者： Heller, Jakob Niemann, Christoph Plocksties, Franz Haubelt, Christian Timmermann, Dirk Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock18051 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800752218

Deep Brain Stimulation is an indispensable therapy option for severe neurodegenerative diseases like parkinson. However, the lack of understanding of the functional principle hinders an optimal clinical application. Therefore, basic research in animal models is crucial. For the development of neurostimulators in rodents, physical prototyping alone is not feasible anymore due to the growing complexity and necessary optimization of the overall implants. However, there is no scientific approach for virtual prototyping of neurostimulators. This work proposes a power model for a developed neurostimulator, based on a time continuous battery model and power-state-machines. The model was implemented in SystemC and SystemC-AMS and validated against measurements. The model helped us understand and find power optimal working points of the implant and thus achieve a runtime gain of 44% with a given battery. Consequently, this work shows that we can use virtual prototyping in SystemC-AMS to aid design decisions for future implant versions. © 2020 MBMV 2020: Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Modellierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systemen - GMM/ITG/GI-Workshop. All rights reserved.

关键词： Virtual prototyping

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Frame replication and elimination for reliability in time-sensitive networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Danielis, Peter Parzyjegla, Helge Mühl, Gero Schweissguth, Eike Timmermann, Dirk Institute of Computer Science University of Rostock Rostock Germany Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

In modern applications such as in the prospective smart factory, timely and fault-free communication is one of the main concerns. Communication failures may lead to huge economic losses. Moreover, they can even endanger human life. Therefore, the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group has introduced new standards for real-time capable Ethernet, which also include a fault tolerance mechanism called Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability (FRER) as IEEE standard 802.1CB. This standard introduces procedures and protocols for bridges and end stations in time-sensitive networks. It also provides mechanisms for the identification and duplication of frames to enable redundant transmissions. In this paper, a simulation model is developed that implements the IEEE 802.1CB standard in OMNeT++. In addition, as supplement to the standard we propose a reliability mechanism for establishing redundant paths and an error model to model transient and permanent errors. As proof of concept, we evaluate the model with different topologies under various conditions. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： IEEE Standards

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A SystemC Model of the IEEE 802.11 EDCA Protocol for Virtual Prototyping

A SystemC Model of the IEEE 802.11 EDCA Protocol for Virtual...

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International Symposium on Networks, computers and Communications (ISNCC)

作者： Benjamin Beichler Michael Rethfeldt Hannes Raddatz Lukas Steffen Dirk Timmermann Christian Haubelt Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Germany

Due to the increasing complexity of distributed embedded systems, the development process demands early substantiation of design decisions for the targeted system. Virtual prototypes enable an early validation of hardware/software systems and they have proven to be very beneficial for target software development. However, these prototypes often do not include models for inter-device communication aspects of distributed systems. Especially the use of wireless communication has a significant impact on the overall system behavior and performance. This paper introduces a SystemC model of an essential part of IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN communication, the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol. In comparison to widely used network simulations, the modeling with SystemC promises an easier integration into existing virtual prototypes. EDCA is the main part of the lower medium access layer (MAC) of IEEE 802.11 and interfaces to the physical-layer communication as well as to non-time-critical higher MAC-layer functions. We conducted experiments with an additional simple physical communication channel model to compare our solution in terms of precision and performance to the well-established network simulator ns-3. We show that our model differs by $\approx 0.3 \%$ of retransmitted frames and an accompanied difference of the overall simulated transmission time of $\approx 0.45 \%$. It meets the overall expectations for the stochastic EDCA protocol. Moreover, the presented model has a significantly better simulation performance with $3 \cdot 10^{-5}$ s wall-clock time per frame, which is at least two orders of magnitude better than with the compared ns-3 simulation.

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Approximate Multipliers for Optimal Utilization of FPGA Resources

Approximate Multipliers for Optimal Utilization of FPGA Reso...

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IEEE Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)

作者： Christoph Niemann Michael Rethfeldt Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Germany

Approximate or inexact arithmetic is a promising approach towards lower power consumption for applications that can tolerate a certain amount of imprecision. As human perception is limited in its precision, this applies to image and audio processing. Beyond, other applications like neuronal networks or AI processing can benefit from such arithmetic as well, as they are inherently tolerant to a certain amount of inaccuracy. One of the most critical components of arithmetic circuits regarding power, delay, and area are multipliers. Various sophisticated approaches towards approximate multipliers are already published for ASICs. However, such ASIC approaches are under-performing in conjunction with the specific Lookup-Table (LUT)-based design of FPGAs. As FPGAs gain in importance for applications like signal processing, there is a substantial lack of approximate design methodology for FPGAs. We propose an approach towards approximate signal processing that is specifically tailored towards the LUT-based hardware of FPGAs. It allows for significant performance improvements while lowering the energy demands. While introducing an insignificant average relative error of just 0.14%, we achieve a 45.9% area reduction in terms of LUTs while decreasing the delay by 30.6% compared to the Xilinx Vivado multiplier IP core. Our proposed design is open source and available at https://***/niemann-c/approx-mult-for-fpga.

关键词： Power demand Design methodology Signal processing Hardware Delays Table lookup IP networks

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Service-Oriented Medical Device Connectivity: Particular Interoperability Standards for High Frequency Surgical Equipment and External Control Devices

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Current Directions in Biomedical engineering 2021年第2期7卷 523-526页

作者： Kasparick, Martin Köny, Marcus Andersen, Björn Riech, Kathrin Keller, Anton Kämmer, Sven Guth, Andreas Mündermann, Lars Stickel, Axel Klöckner, Stephan Golatowski, Frank Timmermann, Dirk Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany Steute Technologies GmbH and Co. KG Löhne Germany Drägerwerk AG and Co. KGaA Lübeck Germany Institute of Medical Informatics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany Aesculap AG Tuttlingen Germany BOWA-electronic GmbH and Co. KG Gomaringen Germany Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH Tübingen Germany Karl Storz SE and Co. KG Tuttlingen Germany Olympus Winter and Ibe GmbH Hamburg Germany Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE University of Rostock Germany

Manufacturer-independent medical device interoperability has been strongly demanded by the clinicians and healthcare delivery organizations (HDOs), however has not been achieved in practice for decades. The ISO/IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) family of standards constitutes a paradigm shift. This work supplements SDC with Device Specializations (DevSpecs) or Modular Specifications (ModSpecs): particular interoperability standards for high frequency (HF) surgical equipment and external control devices, such as foot or finger switches. They provide models to describe these devices in a service-oriented medical device system and modes of interaction with other network participants. Additionally, we contribute to the ISO/IEEE 11073-10101 nomenclature standard to provide semantic descriptions of the exchanged information. This is a key enabler for safe and effective medical device interoperability to support the caregivers and improve patient safety as well as clinical outcome. © 2021 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Interoperability

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A model-driven approach for conducting simulation experiments

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Wilsdorf, Pia Heller, Jakob Budde, Kai Zimmermann, Julius Warnke, Tom Haubelt, Christian Timmermann, Dirk van Rienen, Ursula Uhrmacher, Adelinde M. Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing University of Rostock 18051 Germany Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock 18051 Germany Institute of General Electrical Engineering University of Rostock 18051 Germany

With the increasing complexity of simulation studies, and thus increasing complexity of simulation experiments, there is a high demand for better support for their conduction. Recently, model-driven approaches have been explored for facilitating the specification, execution, and reproducibility of simulation experiments. However, a more general approach that is suited for a variety of modeling and simulation areas, experiment types, and tools, which also allows for further automation, is still missing. Therefore, we present a novel model-driven engineering (MDE) framework for simulation studies that extends the state-of-the-art by means for knowledge sharing across domains, increased productivity and quality of complex simulation experiments, as well as reusability and automation. We demonstrate the practicality of our approach using case studies from three different fields of simulation (stochastic discrete-event simulation of a cell signaling pathway, virtual prototyping of a neurostimulator, and finite element analysis of electric fields), and various experiment types (global sensitivity analysis, time course analysis, and convergence testing). The proposed framework can be the starting point for further automation of simulation experiments, and therefore can assist in conducting simulation studies in a more systematic and effective manner. For example, based on this MDE framework, approaches for automatically selecting and parametrizing experimentation methods, or for planning following activities depending on the context of the simulation study, could be developed. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Formal specification

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Service-Oriented Medical Device Connectivity: Particular Interoperability Standards for High Frequency Surgical Equipment and External Control Devices

Service-Oriented Medical Device Connectivity: Particular Int...

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关键词： Interoperability

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ILP-Based Routing and Scheduling of Multicast Realtime Traffic in Time-Sensitive Networks

ILP-Based Routing and Scheduling of Multicast Realtime Traff...

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IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： Eike Schweissguth Dirk Timmermann Helge Parzyjegla Peter Danielis Gero Mühl Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany Institute of Computer Science University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728144030

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144047

Future applications of the Industrial Internet of Things will increasingly depend on the timely exchange of information and data. Time-Sensitive Networking, which is currently being standardized, therefore extends switched Ethernet networks by realtime communication capabilities offering deterministic message delays. In its time-triggered communication variant, a network path needs to be planned for each realtime data flow and corresponding transmission time slots have to be reserved on the network links along that path. In this paper, we present the first joint mathematical model for path routing and time slot scheduling that combines multicast support with an individual transmission scheduling on each link along a flow's path. We provide a formalization as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem and discuss several optimizations to significantly reduce the ILP solver's runtime without affecting the solution quality. In a thorough evaluation, we show the applicability of our approach and analyze the effects and trade-offs of different objective functions.

关键词： Routing Schedules Network topology Optimization Runtime Switches Delays

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Trust Zone Formation for Building Automation Networks Using Building Information Modeling

Trust Zone Formation for Building Automation Networks Using ...

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Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (GCAIoT), IEEE Global Conference

作者： Arne Wall Björn Butzin Dirk Timmermann University of Rostock Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728184203

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184210

Modern Building Automation Systems (BAS) consist of sensors and actuators that are connected via an IP-based network and offer their functionality via RESTful APIs. Because a single device can be exploited by an attacker to perform attacks within the local network, we put devices into isolated groups. These groups are isolated MAC-layer Trust Zones to reduce the attack surface in contrast to a BAS with fully connected devices. We propose an algorithm that leverages the so far neglected potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to compute Trust Zones. We assure unimpaired operation of all applications while limiting the number of infrastructure devices. The proposed mechanisms are demonstrated considering sensors and actuators that are connected via wired Ethernet and the IEEE 802.11s WLAN mesh standard. At the application layer we make exemplary use of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Finally, we experimentally evaluate the device acquisition and selection based on our network partitioning algorithm.

关键词： Actuators Wireless LAN Restful API Sensor systems Sensors Partitioning algorithms Building automation

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Decentral load control for data centers

Decentral load control for data centers

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IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom)

作者： Felix Uster Franz Plocksties Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728176475

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176482

The regulation and stabilization of the power grid requires various system services that have been provided so far primarily by conventional power plants. With the future shutdown of coal-fired and nuclear power plants, investigations into the provision of these services will become all the more important in order to ensure the safe operation of the grid. Currently, photovoltaic and wind can only provide limited so-called control power, so that new methods such as the regulation of large consumers will become interesting. Adapting the electricity requirements of consumers to the current grid situation has a comparable effect to the provision of additional balancing power on the generation side. Some consumers like data centers can provide primary control power at high speed. In this paper we present how data centers can autonomously support grid stabilization with minimal impact on the daily operation. Additional benefits include an higher efficiency and the ability to take advantage of any future financial bonuses by regulation authorities or electricity suppliers.

关键词： Data centers Power demand Power grids Program processors Regulation Load management Load flow control

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