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IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN)

作者： Christian Wernecke Helge Parzyjegla Gero Mühl Peter Danielis Eike Schweissguth Dirk Timmermann Institute of Computer Science Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728181592

ISBN: (纸本)9781728181608

Publish/subscribe is a flexible communication pattern for loosely coupled distributed applications. The content-based variant matches each published notification against active subscriptions to determine a set of interested subscribers to which the notification is to be delivered. Since the recipient set can be different for each notification, it is challenging to find and install profitable forwarding rules on the network switches. In this paper, we present novel notification forwarding schemes implemented in P4 that use virtual trees (VTs) installed on switches and additional forwarding information encoded in notification packets that is used to connect VTs, to extend VT branches, or to cut off VT subtrees. For deriving beneficial VTs, we consider (i) topological properties of the physical network, (ii) publisher/subscriber relationships, and (iii) notification statistics. We present a generic algorithm for encoding distribution trees and evaluate our forwarding schemes in a data center network. The results show that our schemes perform well and save network bandwidth by reducing the notification header length.

关键词： Data centers Runtime Network topology Telecommunication traffic Switches Routing Software defined networking

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A Calibration Procedure for Sensor Based Adaptive Voltage Scaling Approaches 29

A Calibration Procedure for Sensor Based Adaptive Voltage Sc...

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29th IEEE International Symposium on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, PATMOS 2019

作者： Niemann, Christoph Ali, Munawar Heller, Jakob Timmermann, Dirk Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121031

Nowadays, VLSI systems suffer from increasing impacts of aging and variability. Traditionally, this is treated by applying extensive guard bands. As those guard bands are chosen at design time, they are necessarily worst case guard bands. Thus, most often they are too pessimistic. Current research tries to mitigate this by means of in-situ performance measurement based Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS). AVS typically relies on assumptions regarding the timing behavior of the application logic in relation to the behavior of a specific canary or sensor logic. Most published approaches use manually gained empirical data of just a few test chips and application designs for this purpose. However, to practically apply these techniques, an automatic calibration flow is needed. We propose such an automated calibration flow and test it on multiple FPGAs. We achieve an average power saving of 67%. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Automatic Configuration of a TSN Network for SDC-based Medical Device Networks

Automatic Configuration of a TSN Network for SDC-based Medic...

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IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)

作者： Benjamin Rother Martin Kasparick Eike Schweißguth Frank Golatowski Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728152974

ISBN: (纸本)9781728152981

Today's operating rooms consist of a multitude of medical devices. Nowadays, the interconnection of these devices is manufacturer-dependent. To overcome this lack of interoperability, the new IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) family of standards has been developed. Plenty of use cases take advantages from the interconnection of medical devices among each other, based on SDC. In this paper, we focus on time-critical use-cases, like the activation of a high-frequency surgical device to emit power at the instrument triggered by a networked foot switch. The execution of such remote control operations, are dependent on deterministic data transmission. To fulfill these requirements we propose the usage of the new Time-sensitive Networking (TSN) standards IEEE 802.1. The combination of SDC and TSN enables semantic interoperability and hard real-time communication at the same network, based on standards. We provide a new approach to automatically configure the underlying TSN network by means of the medical devices' self-description according to the SDC family of standards. Our approach shows that the required information for configuring the TSN network can be extracted from the self-description.

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Towards Virtual Prototyping of Electrically Active Implants Using SystemC-AMS

Towards Virtual Prototyping of Electrically Active Implants ...

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MBMV 2020 - Methods and Description Languages for Modelling and Verification of Circuits and Systems;GMM/ITG/GI-Workshop

作者： Jakob Heller Christoph Niemann Franz Plocksties Christian Haubelt Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock

ISBN: (纸本)9783800752201

Deep Brain Stimulation is an indispensable therapy option for severe neurodegenerative diseases like parkinson. However, the lack of understanding of the functional principle hinders an optimal clinical application. Therefore, basic research in animal models is crucial. For the development of neurostimulators in rodents, physical prototyping alone is not feasible anymore due to the growing complexity and necessary optimization of the overall implants. However, there is no scientific approach for virtual prototyping of neurostimulators. This work proposes a power model for a developed neurostimulator, based on a time continuous battery model and power-state-machines. The model was implemented in SystemC and SystemC-AMS and validated against measurements. The model helped us understand and find power optimal working points of the implant and thus achieve a runtime gain of 44% with a given battery. Consequently, this work shows that we can use virtual prototyping in SystemC-AMS to aid design decisions for future implant versions.

关键词： Virtual prototyping Neurostimulator Implants and Prostheses powered models Deep Brain Stimulation Prosthesis Laboratory animal Electricity

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Use of assisted reproductive technologies for male and female infertility and perinatal outcomes

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Fertility and Sterility 2025年

作者： Magnus, Maria C. Skåra, Karoline H. Carlsen, Ellen Ø. Gjerdevik, Miriam Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia H. Myrskylä, Mikko Romundstad, Liv-Bente Håberg, Siri E. Centre for Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway Department of Public Health Research Unit for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Rostock Germany Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Max Planck-University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health Rostock Germany Spiren Fertility Clinic Trondheim Norway Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway

Objective: To compare adverse perinatal outcomes between naturally conceived and pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) according to underlying male, female, or unexplained infertility. Design: Registry-based study. Subjects: All singleton births in Norway between 2000 and 2021 recorded in the national birth registry. Exposure: We compared ART pregnancies with underlying male (N = 9,957), female (N = 10,031), mixed (N = 3,287), or unexplained (N = 7,178) infertility with naturally conceived pregnancies (N = 1,210,709). Information on underlying causes of infertility was reported from fertility clinics. Main Outcomes and Measures: We compared the birthweight and pregnancy length using robust linear regression, and the risk of pre-eclampsia, cesarean section, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and transfer to neonatal unit using logistic regression, adjusting for parental age, maternal parity, cohabitation, country of birth, and year of delivery. Results: Pregnancy length and birthweight were lower in all ART groups compared with the naturally conceived. The shorter pregnancy length was less pronounced in ART deliveries resulting from male infertility (adjusted difference −1.24 days;95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.43 to −1.05) than in ART deliveries resulting from female infertility (adjusted difference −1.92 days;95% CI: −2.12 to −1.73). Similarly, the lower birthweight in ART deliveries was less pronounced in those resulting from male (adjusted difference −29 grams;95% CI: −39 to −18) than those resulting from female (adjusted difference −49 grams;95% CI: −59 to −39) infertility. We also observed a higher risk of most adverse perinatal outcomes in all ART groups, with the magnitude being lower for ART deliveries resulting from male infertility. Conclusion: The increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies conceived by ART was less pronounced if used for male infertility than for female in

关键词： Assisted reproductive technologies infertility perinatal outcomes

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Modeling Energy Consumption for Task-Offloading Decisions on Mobile and Embedded Devices

Modeling Energy Consumption for Task-Offloading Decisions on...

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IEEE Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech)

作者： Christoph Niemann Christian Ewert Henning Puttnies Michael Rethfeldt Dirk Timmermann Peter Danielis Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany Department of Computer Science University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728170633

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170640

Connected mobile and embedded devices including tablets, smartphones, and smartwatches but also IoT sensors and actuators as well as medical implants are subject to a rapid development in terms of their numbers and computing power. However, these devices have energy limitations, e.g., due to limited energy supplies. In order for networked devices to be able to manage their energy, they can offload tasks to other devices. However, they need to estimate the energy demand to execute the tasks in order to take offloading decisions. This paper proposes energy models for estimating the energy consumption for task processing derived from practical measurements for exemplary tasks. The task-processing energy consumption models are implemented in the OMNeT++ simulator to allow simulative, accurate task-offloading investigations.

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Software-Defined Security Architecture for Smart Buildings using the Building Information Model

Software-Defined Security Architecture for Smart Buildings u...

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2019 IEEE Global Conference on Internet of Things, GCIoT 2019

作者： Wall, Arne Butzin, Bjorn Golatowski, Frank Rethfeldt, Michael Timmermann, Dirk University of Rostock Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Rostock18051 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728148731

Due to the fact that every smart building is a unique composition of devices, services, and users there is no one-fits-all security architecture. With our proposal we address this problem by using Building Information Modeling (BIM) as source of information for our security concept. Using BIM, models are created throughout the planning of a building, which do not consist only of 3D information such as typical CAD drawings, but also provide a rich set of metadata about the building elements including devices, their interrelationships and networking. Thus, BIM can be used to derive security configurations for each individual embedded device, its services and the network as a whole. We demonstrate the function of a general Security Controller to partition the network on MAC layer. Furthermore, we draw an overall picture of the proposed architecture and the range of possible applications. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Network layers

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Low-Cost, Self-Calibrating Light Barriers in Sports

Low-Cost, Self-Calibrating Light Barriers in Sports

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Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)

作者： Theo Gabloffsky Ralf Salomon Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728169491

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169507

Light barriers are well-known and widely used tools in numerous application areas, as diverse as engineering, sports sciences, social sciences, and nuclear physics. Besides their success and distribution, light barriers have to be calibrated by hand, which is at least cumbersome and error-prone in the field. This paper proposes a new light barrier architecture, which solves this problems by providing a self-calibration mechanism. The first prototypical implementation was successfully tested in two different environments. The system costs are as low as 30 USD, since the proposed system can be realized by off-the-shelf components.

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Work-in-Progress: Towards an International Data Spaces Connector for the Internet of Things

Work-in-Progress: Towards an International Data Spaces Conne...

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IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)

作者： Michael Nast Benjamin Rother Frank Golatowski Dirk Timmermann Jens Leveling Christian Olms Christian Nissen Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany Software and Information Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728152974

ISBN: (纸本)9781728152981

In the age of digitalization, data protection plays an important role. Data is created, modified and shared over the Internet between data owners and data users. A key issue in this context is the respect of data sovereignty. The International Data Spaces (IDS) Reference Architecture has been developed in order to preserve data sovereignty. In this regard, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors, play an important role for providing data. However, an IoT device is not capable of being integrated directly into the IDS by default. We propose an approach to enable the IDS for vendor independent IoT devices, using an open interoperability standard for the IoT specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). This allows data owners to benefit from providing their own data while retaining control over it.

关键词： International Data Spaces (IDS) internet of Things (IoT) open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) SensorThings API message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) microservices Internet of things intelligent decision support system Connector Device Component Internets Thing International(headers)

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Flexible Notification Forwarding for Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Using P4

Flexible Notification Forwarding for Content-Based Publish/S...

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IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN)

作者： Christian Wernecke Helge Parzyjegla Gero Mühl Eike Schweissguth Dirk Timmermann Institute of Computer Science University of Rostock Rostock Germany Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728145457

ISBN: (纸本)9781728145464

Publish/subscribe is a versatile communication pattern for realizing loosely coupled distributed applications. In its content-based variant, the content of each published notification is matched against the active subscriptions to determine the set of subscribers that shall receive the notification. The fact that this set may be completely different compared to that of a preceding or a succeeding notification makes it difficult to find and install beneficial forwarding rules on the network switches. In this paper, we present novel forwarding schemes based on the P4 language that (i) use dynamic forwarding information placed in the notification's header, (ii) use static forwarding rules installed on the network switches, and (iii) combine dynamic forwarding information with static forwarding rules to precisely set the respective trade-off. We evaluate our forwarding strategies, show their applicability as well as their benefits for content-based publish/subscribe, and discuss future research directions.

关键词： Pipelines Multiprotocol label switching Cloning Conferences Network function virtualization Software defined networking Switches

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