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22nd Brazilian Symposium on Human Factorsin Computing Systems, IHC 2023

作者： Jandrey, Alessandra Helena Ruiz, Duncan Dubugras Alcoba Silveira, Milene Selbach School of Technology Graduate Program in Computer Science - PUCRS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717154

Image descriptions are crucial in assisting individuals without eyesight by providing verbal representations of visual content. While manual and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated descriptions exist, automatic description generators have not fully met the needs of visually impaired People. In this study, we have examined the problems related to image descriptions reported in existing literature using the Snowballing technique. Through this method, we have identified thirteen issues, including ethical concerns surrounding physical appearance, gender and identity, race, and disability. Furthermore, we have identified five reasons why sighted Individuals often fail to provide descriptions for visual content, highlighting the necessity for accessibility campaigns that raise awareness about the social significance of descriptive sentences. We conducted interviews with eight low-vision volunteers, in which we analyzed the characteristics of descriptive sentences for 25 indoor images and gathered participants' expectations regarding image descriptions. As a result, we propose a set of Good Practices for writing descriptive sentences aimed to assist automatic tools and sighted Individuals in generating more satisfactory and high-quality image descriptions. We hope our results will emphasize the societal importance of imagery descriptions and inspire the community to pursue further interdisciplinary research to address the issues identified in our study. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Image analysis

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Protocol for a Graph Database of NTDs for Drug Repurposing 18th

Protocol for a Graph Database of NTDs for Drug Repurposi...

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18th International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, PACBB 2024

作者： Giordani, André Ruiz, Duncan D. Graduate Program in Computer Science – PPGCC Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031878725

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a significant health burden globally, contributing to 1–2% of all mortality. The quest for new pharmacological interventions for NTDs is hampered by the substantial time and financial resources required for drug development, alongside a marked disinterest from laboratories due to the geographic and economic profiles of affected regions. This study presents a novel protocol for leveraging graph database architectures to elucidate potential connections between NTDs and existing pharmaceuticals that may be repurposed for treatment. Focusing on tuberculosis as a case study, we constructed a graph database integrating comprehensive disease and drug data. By removing established links between tuberculosis and known treatments, we employed a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (Graph-CNN) algorithm to unearth previously unrecognized relationships. This computational approach not only facilitates the discovery of new drug-disease associations but also streamlines the repurposing process for existing medications. Our findings demonstrate the utility of advanced data engineering and machine learning techniques in identifying promising therapeutic candidates for NTDs, potentially accelerating the availability of effective treatments for these underserved diseases. The study’s contribution is underscored by a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art algorithms within our graph database framework, highlighting the efficacy of our protocol in the broader context of drug repurposing research. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Imagery contents descriptions for People with visual impairments 23

Imagery contents descriptions for People with visual impairm...

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Proceedings of the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Alessandra Helena Jandrey Duncan Dubugras Alcoba Ruiz Milene Selbach Silveira School of Technology - Graduate Program in Computer Science PUCRS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717154

Image descriptions are crucial in assisting individuals without eyesight by providing verbal representations of visual content. While manual and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated descriptions exist, automatic description generators have not fully met the needs of visually impaired People. In this study, we have examined the problems related to image descriptions reported in existing literature using the Snowballing technique. Through this method, we have identified thirteen issues, including ethical concerns surrounding physical appearance, gender and identity, race, and disability. Furthermore, we have identified five reasons why sighted Individuals often fail to provide descriptions for visual content, highlighting the necessity for accessibility campaigns that raise awareness about the social significance of descriptive sentences. We conducted interviews with eight low-vision volunteers, in which we analyzed the characteristics of descriptive sentences for 25 indoor images and gathered participants’ expectations regarding image descriptions. As a result, we propose a set of Good Practices for writing descriptive sentences aimed to assist automatic tools and sighted Individuals in generating more satisfactory and high-quality image descriptions. We hope our results will emphasize the societal importance of imagery descriptions and inspire the community to pursue further interdisciplinary research to address the issues identified in our study.

关键词： Good practices Image descriptions Visually impaired People

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Deceptive Topographic Path Planning 23

Deceptive Topographic Path Planning

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Proceedings of the 22nd Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment

作者： Crhistopher Lenhard Henrique L. Krever Ricardo K. Schlsener Rafael H. Bordini Luis A. L. Silva Graduate Program in Computer Science UFSM Brazil Undergraduate Course in Computer Science UFSM Brazil School of Technology PUCRS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716270

Deception is essential to model real-world agent behaviors in entertainment and serious games. This paper approaches the challenge of planning deceptive routes on topographic terrains where topographic path costs and other deceptive path factors are analyzed. The work explores alternative deceptive strategies tuned to explore the terrain costs to determine how deceptive the path search nodes are and to return paths with low topographic costs. In addition to the A* algorithm, the Theta* algorithm is explored in the search for smoother deceptive routes, which better represent routes used by terrestrial agents in real-world adversarial situations. It also analyzes deceptive topographic paths computed according to the Last Deceptive Point (LDP) and Last Topographic Deceptive Point (LDPT) notions, where examples of returned paths are presented with the help of terrain relief scenarios. Experimental results with the proposed methods are statistically analyzed according to various path search metrics, showing that all deceptive strategies with A* compute topographic paths with higher numbers of deceptive nodes on reduced execution times. Moreover, the strategies with Theta* and LDPT return paths that show a useful combination of topographic path quality and number of deceptive nodes.

关键词： Deception Deceptive path planning strategies. Path planning Topographic path planning

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Overlapped Error Correction Codes in Two-Dimensional Structures

Overlapped Error Correction Codes in Two-Dimensional Structu...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Andrew Fritsch Wagner Savaris Adahil Muniz Giovanna Borba Rodrigo Girardi Jarbas Silveira César Marcon Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGCC) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Brazil Graduate Program in Teleinformatics Engineering (PPGETI) Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

The continuous advancement of communication systems necessitates the development of algorithms capable of identifying and correcting errors that may arise during data transmission and storage. This pursuit of reliability is particularly crucial in critical systems and sectors that are challenging to access, such as space exploration, passenger transportation, and financial services. In this context, the Error Correction Code (ECC) is a fundamental tool for providing a certain degree of reliability to these systems. This research proposes a novel technique to enhance the error correction capacity of ECCs by leveraging region overlapping. Specifically, we propose correcting data areas protected by more than one ECC, which allows for the inference of logical correlations between ECCs, thereby augmenting their error detection and correction capability. Our focus is bidimensional codeword structures, commonly known as 2D-ECCs, which entail a hierarchical arrangement of ECCs. We evaluated the ECC proposal, comparing its error correction and detection capabilities. Through this evaluation, we aim to demonstrate the technique's efficacy in bolstering the reliability and resilience of communication systems, particularly in critical domains where precision and accuracy are paramount.

关键词： Fault tolerance Fault tolerant systems Transportation Error correction codes Error correction Space exploration Proposals Integrated circuit reliability Financial services Resilience

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Detecting personality and emotion traits in crowds from video sequences

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Favaretto, Rodolfo Migon Knob, Paulo Musse, Soraia Raupp Vilanova, Felipe Costa, Acirc ngelo Brandelli VHLab-Graduate Program in Computer Science-PUCRS Av Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre-RS Brazil Graduate Program in Psychology-PUCRS Av Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre-RS Brazil

This paper presents a methodology to detect personality and basic emotion characteristics of crowds in video sequences. Firstly, individuals are detected and tracked, then groups are recognized and characterized. Such information is then mapped to OCEAN dimen-sions, used to find out personality and emotion in videos, based on OCC emotion models. Although it is a clear challenge to validate our results with real life experi-ments, we evaluate our method with the available liter- A ture information regarding OCEAN values of different Countries and also emergent Personal distance among people. Hence, such analysis refer to cultural differences of each country too. Our results indicate that this model generates coherent information when compared to data provided in available literature, as shown in qualitative and quantitative results. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Video recording

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Memory Controller with Adaptive ECC for Reliable System Operation

Memory Controller with Adaptive ECC for Reliable System Oper...

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Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)

作者： Marco Stefani César Marcon Felipe Silva Jarbas Silveira Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGCC) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SuL (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil Engineering and Computer Systems Laboratory (LESC) - DETI Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Brazil

Memory errors can cause crashes and data loss, which are unacceptable for various computing systems, mainly large servers. Memory controllers can mitigate these errors by employing an Error Correction Code (ECC) in the data write and read flows. This work proposes a fault-tolerant mechanism that acts as a memory controller's encoding and decoding manager. This mechanism adapts the ECC for each memory block based on the efficacies of the ECCs available in the controller and the error rate captured at runtime. Consequently, memory blocks with a high error rate can be recoded to a high efficacy ECC and vice versa. Experimental results show that our proposal achieves high error correction efficacy with high energy efficiency.

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Blockchain Applied In Decentralization of Ground Stations To Educational Nanosatellites

Blockchain Applied In Decentralization of Ground Stations To...

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Latin American Test Workshop, LATW

作者： Edilson Filho Jarbas Silveira César Marcon Department of Teleinformatics Engineering (DETI) Federal University of Ceara (UFC) Fortaleza Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGCC) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil

Space has increasingly attracted the attention of governments, large industries, and universities. One of the most popular strategies in recent years has been the adoption of nanosatellites to fulfill different missions, which can work alone or in constellations. Universities stand out among the agents launching nanosatellites, with more than 600 launches until 2022. Given the growth of entities that control space missions, it is necessary to implement new methods for communication between control and satellite to accelerate data transmission and provide a high-security degree. Our work proposes a consortium archi-tecture between Ground Stations (GSs) so that a GS as a Service (GSaaS) works with low cost, reliability, and resource sharing. We simulated a nanosatellite mission in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with MATLAB to obtain the parameters of average communication time, propagation loss, and at which angles the communication would be most affected by atmospheric phenomena. Then, we implement business rules for communication between GS and satellites using smart contract concepts. We set up a blockchain to provide the decentralization infrastructure and created a web service to provide a communication API between nanosatellite and blockchain. We simulated the firmware update process, showing that the nanosatellite took around 20 minutes to request all 32-byte fragments of 301 Kb firmware. Considering the time interval that the communication window between GS and nanosatellite remains active, the entire firmware transmission takes two to three communication slots. However, the transmission time is drastically reduced in a scenario with two or more GSs. Furthermore, the GSaaS decentralized infrastructure allows the consortium of GSs to communicate agnostically with the satellites, preserving firmware privacy due to the cryptography used in blockchain transactions

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Detecting personality and emotion traits in crowds from video sequences

Detecting personality and emotion traits in crowds from vide...

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作者： Favaretto, Rodolfo Migon Knob, Paulo Musse, Soraia Raupp Vilanova, Felipe Costa, Ângelo Brandelli VHLab Graduate Program in Computer Science PUCRS Av Ipiranga 6681 Porto AlegreRS Brazil Graduate Program in Psychology PUCRS Av Ipiranga 6681 Porto AlegreRS Brazil

This paper presents a methodology to detect personality and basic emotion characteristics of crowds in video sequences. Firstly, individuals are detected and tracked, and then groups are recognized and characterized. Such information is then mapped to OCEAN dimensions, used to find out personality and emotion in videos, based on OCC emotion models. Although it is a clear challenge to validate our results with real life experiments, we evaluate our method with the available literature information regarding OCEAN values of different Countries and also emergent Personal distance among people. Hence, such analysis refer to cultural differences of each country too. Our results indicate that this model generates coherent information when compared to data provided in available literature, as shown in qualitative and quantitative results. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： computer vision

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SABER: An Infrastructure-Agnostic Benchmark Tool for Elasticity Evaluation on Cloud Foundry Based Platforms

SABER: An Infrastructure-Agnostic Benchmark Tool for Elastic...

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International Conference on Information Networking

作者： Wagner Marques Felipe Rubin Paulo de Souza Rômulo de Oliveira Tiago Ferreto Graduate Program in Computer Science Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781728141992

ISBN: (纸本)9781728142005

Elasticity can be considered as one of the main features of cloud computing. It can be described as the ability to dynamically provision (or de-provision) resources to meet an application's demand. Cloud-native platforms support this feature, allowing applications to be vertically or horizontally scaled. However, evaluating the performance of elasticity in cloud-native platforms is not a trivial task. These platforms tend to focus on providing higher abstractions to their customers, which typically results in the absence of low-level metrics that are required for measuring and evaluating elasticity performance. Therefore, this paper presents SABER, an infrastructure-agnostic benchmark tool for elasticity evaluation of Cloud Foundry based platforms. SABER collects low-level metrics regarding elasticity typical procedures (e.g., allocation and de-allocation of resources) and can be used to evaluate elasticity on different cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, we present an evaluation of SABER running on Pivotal Application Service, a Cloud Foundry based platform provided by Pivotal Web Services.

关键词： Cloud computing Elasticity Foundries Benchmark testing Measurement Tools computer architecture

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