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Geodesign in the era of artificial intelligence

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Frontiers of urban and rural planning 2025年第1期3卷 4页

作者： Xinyue Ye Tianchen Huang Yang Song Xin Li Galen Newman Zhongjie Lin Dayong Jason Wu Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning & Center for Geospatial Sciences Applications and Technology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 USA. Section of Visual Computing and Computational Media School of Performance Texas A&M University Visualization and Fine Arts College Station TX 77840 USA. Weitzman School of Design University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA. Research & Implementation Texas A&M Transportation Institute Dallas TX 75251 USA.

This paper explores the evolution of Geodesign in addressing spatial and environmental challenges from its early foundations to the recent integration of artificial intelligence (AI). AI enhances existing Geodesign methods by automating spatial data analysis, improving land use classification, refining heat island effect assessment, optimizing energy use, facilitating green infrastructure planning, and generating design scenarios. Despite the transformative potential of AI in Geodesign, challenges related to data quality, model interpretability, and ethical concerns such as privacy and bias persist. This paper highlights case studies that demonstrate the application of AI in Geodesign, offering insights into its role in understanding existing systems and designing future changes. The paper concludes by advocating for the responsible and transparent integration of AI to ensure equitable and effective Geodesign outcomes.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Ethics Geodesign Spatial planning

REPRESENTING AND MODELING INCONSISTENT, IMPOSSIBLE, AND INCOHERENT SHAPES AND SCENES WITH 2D NON-CONSERVATIVE VECTOR FIELDS MAPPED ON 2-COMPLEXES

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Akleman, Ergun Wang, Youyou Gönen, Özgür Visual Computing & Computational Media Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Architecture Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States

In this paper, we present a framework to represent mock 3D objects and scenes, which are not 3D but appear 3D. In our framework, each mock-3D object is represented using 2D non-conservative vector fields and thickness information that are mapped on 2-complexes. Mock-3D scenes are simply scenes consisting of more than one mock-3D object. We demonstrated that using this representation, we can dynamically compute a 3D shape using rays emanating from any given point in 3D. These mock-3D objects are view-dependent since their computed shapes depend on the positions of ray centers. Using these dynamically computed shapes, we can compute shadows, reflections, and refractions in real time. This representation is mainly useful for 2D artistic applications to model incoherent, inconsistent, and impossible objects. Using this representation, it is possible to obtain expressive depictions with shadows and global illumination effects. The representation can also be used to convert existing 2D artworks into a Mock-3D form that can be interactively re-rendered. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Luminance

PROJECTIVE HOLDER-MINKOWSKI COLORS: A GENERALIZED SET OF COMMUTATIVE áASSOCIATIVE OPERATIONS WITH INVERSE ELEMENTS FOR REPRESENTING AND MANIPULATING COLORS A PREPRINT

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Akleman, Ergun Oh, Somyung Wang, Youyou Akgun, Bekir Tevfik Chen, Jianer Visual Computing áComputational Media School of PVFA Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States College of Computer and Information Sciences Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey

One of the key problems in dealing with color in rendering, shading, compositing, or image manipulation is that we do not have algebraic structures that support operations over colors. In this paper, we present an all-encompassing framework that can support a set of algebraic structures with associativity, commutativity, and inverse properties. To provide these three properties, we build our algebraic structures on an extension of projective space by allowing for negative and complex numbers. These properties are important for (1) manipulating colors as periodic functions, (2) solving inverse problems dealing with colors, and (3) being consistent with the wave representation of the color. Allowance of negative and complex numbers is not a problem for practical applications, since we can always convert the results into desired range for display purposes as we do in High Dynamic Range imaging. This set of algebraic structures can be considered as a generalization of the Minkowski norm Lp in projective space. These structures also provide a new version of the generalized Holder average with associativity property. Our structures provide inverses of any operation by allowing for negative and complex numbers. These structures provide all properties of generalized Holder average by providing a continuous bridge between the classical weighted average, harmonic mean, maximum, and minimum operations using a single parameter p. The parameter p = 1 corresponds to a classical weighted average operation, and p = -1 provides a harmonic mean. The p → ∞ produces the maximum operator and the p → -∞ minimum operator. Our main contribution is the demonstration of the associative property in a projective space. We have also shown that these operations are scale invariant. Our version is slightly different than the classical Holder average, but it still guarantees that the results of the operations are always between the maximum and minimum numbers. We also show that these operations ar

关键词： Color

SafeZone*: A Graph-Based and Time-Optimal Cooperative 3D Printing Framework

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Journal of computing and Information Science in Engineering 2025年第6期25卷 061004页

作者： Stone, Ronnie F. P. Ebert, Matthew Zhou, Wenchao Akleman, Ergun Krishnamurthy, Vinayak Sha, Zhenghui Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 Visual Computing & Computational Media Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Affiliated) Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840

Swarm manufacturing is an emerging manufacturing paradigm that employs a heterogeneous swarm of robots to accomplish complex hybrid manufacturing tasks. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP), a specialized form of swarm manufacturing, enables multiple printers to collaboratively produce large-scale parts, addressing key tradeoffs in additive manufacturing, such as size, speed, quality, and cost. A fundamental challenge in C3DP is ensuring collision-free, time-optimal printing in a shared workspace. This is a complex problem that can be influenced by factors such as the number of printers, part geometry, printer positioning, mobility, and kinematics. In this article, we present SafeZone*, a collision-free and scalable C3DP framework that optimizes printing time by co-considering the geometry (area and shape) and topology (space-connectivity) of a shared workspace during layer partitioning. We first establish a conceptual framework to mathematically represent the topology of a layer through partition graphs. Then, we use a Voronoi tessellation within a constrained optimization framework to control the partition graph and minimize makespan. The Voronoi sites are associated with printer locations, allowing the framework to integrate physical constraints and facilitating solutions for systems with robotic manipulators. Physical testing in a four-printer scenario with robotic arms confirms that SafeZone* enables collision-free printing, resulting in a printing time reduction of 44.63% when compared to the single-printer scenario. Finally, numerical studies reveal trends in the optimal solutions concerning the chromatic number of their resulting partition graphs and the distribution of the printing areas among printers.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Printing Manufacturing Collisions (Physics) additive manufacturing Optimization Manipulators Robots Topology cooperative 3D printing swarm manufacturing computational geometry Polishing equipment Geometry robotic manipulators

CURVED SPACE-FILLING TILES USING VORONOI DECOMPOSITION WITH LINE, AND CURVE SEGMENTS CLOSED UNDER WALLPAPER SYMMETRIES

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Panchal, Haard Akleman, Ergun Krishnamurthy, Vinayak Yildiz, Tolga Talha Grover, Varda Visualization Department Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Visual Computing & Computational Media Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Computer Science and Engineering Department Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States

In this paper, we present a new approach to obtain symmetric tiles with curved edges. Our approach is based on using higher-order Voronoi sites that are closed under wallpaper symmetries. The resulting Voronoi tessellations provide us with symmetric tiles with curved edges. We have developed a web application that provides real-time tile design. Our application can be found at https://***/. One of our key findings in this paper is that not all symmetry operations are useful for creating curved tiles. In particular, all symmetries that use mirror operation produce straight lines that are useless for creating new tiles. This result is interesting because it suggests that we need to avoid mirror transformations to produce unusual space-filling tiles in 2D and 3D using Voronoi tessellations. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Mirrors

WEB-BASED DYNAMIC PAINTINGS: REAL-TIME INTERACTIVE ARTWORKS IN WEB USING A 2.5D PIPELINE

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Akleman, Ergun Wang, Youyou Xiong, Yinan Shanker, Anusha Perumal, Fermi Gönen, Özgür Fard, Motahareh Visual Computing & Computational Media Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Visualization Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Architecture Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States

In this work, we present a 2.5D pipeline approach to creating dynamic paintings that can be re-rendered interactively in real-time on the Web. Using this 2.5D approach, any existing simple painting such as portraits can be turned into an interactive dynamic web-based artwork. Our interactive system provides most global illumination effects such as reflection, refraction, shadow, and subsurface scattering by processing images. In our system, the scene is defined only by a set of images. These include (1) a shape image, (2) two diffuse images, (3) a background image, (4) one foreground image, and (5) one transparency image. A shape image is either a normal map or a height. Two diffuse images are usually hand-painted. They are interpolated using illumination information. The transparency image is used to define the transparent and reflective regions that can reflect the foreground image and refract the background image, both of which are also hand-drawn. This framework, which mainly uses hand-drawn images, provides qualitatively convincing painterly global illumination effects such as reflection and refraction. We also include parameters to provide additional artistic controls. For instance, using our piecewise linear Fresnel function, it is possible to control the ratio of reflection and refraction. This system is the result of a long line of research contributions. On the other hand, the art-directed Fresnel function that provides physically plausible compositing of reflection and refraction with artistic control is completely new. Art-directed warping equations that provide qualitatively convincing refraction and reflection effects with linearized artistic control are also new. You can try our web-based system for interactive dynamic real-time paintings at http://***/. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Pipelines

AN INTERACTIVE WEB-BASED SYSTEM FOR CREATING SINGLE PANEL CARTOONS WITH visualLY VALID COMPOSITIONS

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Akleman, Ergun Vijaykumar, Akhilesh Furuta, Richard Akleman, Derya Visual Computing & Computational Media Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Visualization Department Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Computer Science and Engineering Department Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Statistics Department Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States

The creation of cartoon-based stories (comics) requires a lot of creativity and hard work for naive users Akleman et al. [2015]. We observe that single-panel cartoons are the building blocks of any comic story. To develop a strong comic story, it is critical to obtain visually valid single panels Liu et al. [2012]. In this work, we have developed a methodology to guarantee the placement of characters to obtain a valid cartoon frame based on the methods used by professional cartoonists. Using this methodology, we have developed a web-based system to create single-panel cartoons from a given set of character images. We have made this system available in GitHub as open-source so that this basic single-panel cartoon can be used as infrastructure to develop more complex structures. Our web-based system for single-panel cartoons can be viewed at http://***. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Websites

HYPER-REALIST RENDERING: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Akleman, Ergun Kurt, Murat Akleman, Derya Bruins, Gary Deng, Sitong Subramanian, Meena Visual Computing & Computational Media School of PVFA Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States International Computer Institute Ege University Izmir Turkey Department of Statistics Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Visualization Program Department of Architecture Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Visualization Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States

This is the first paper in a series on hyper-realist rendering. In this paper, we introduce the concept of hyper-realist rendering and present a theoretical framework to obtain hyper-realist images. We are using the term Hyper-realism as an umbrella word that captures all types of visual artifacts that can evoke an impression of reality. The hyper-realist artifacts are visual representations that are not necessarily created by following logical and physical principles and can still be perceived as representations of reality. This idea stems from the principles of representational arts, which attain visually acceptable renderings of scenes without implementing strict physical laws of optics and materials. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain visually acceptable illusions of reality by employing such artistic approaches. With representational art methods, we can even obtain an alternate illusion of reality that looks more real even when it is not real. This paper demonstrates that it is common to create illusions of reality in visual arts with examples of paintings by representational artists. We propose an approach to obtain expressive local and global illuminations to obtain these stylistic illusions with a set of well-defined and formal methods. Our formalism is based on four principles: (1) colors and textures must be represented by algebraically complete structures, (2) we should allow impossible and inconsistent shapes in scene concepts, (3) we have to decompose illumination and shading, and (4) we must build our shading functions using statistic-based methods instead of physics-based methods. We claim that these principles allow us to develop simple methods since we can avoid algebraic inconsistencies. Using such simple methods, it can be possible to significantly speed up modeling and rendering algorithms by focusing only on essential elements that can create illusions of reality. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Formal methods

Next-Future: Sample-Efficient Policy Learning for Robotic-Arm Tasks

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Özgür, Fikrican Zurbrügg, René Kumar, Suryansh ETH Zürich Switzerland RSL Group ETH Zürich Switzerland Visual Computing and Computational Media Section College of PVFA Department of Electric and Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States

Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is widely regarded as the state-of-the-art algorithm for achieving sample-efficient multi-goal reinforcement learning (RL) in robotic manipulation tasks with binary rewards. HER facilitates learning from failed attempts by replaying trajectories with redefined goals. However, it relies on a heuristic-based replay method that lacks a principled framework. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel replay strategy, "Next-Future", which focuses on rewarding single-step transitions. This approach significantly enhances sample efficiency and accuracy in learning multi-goal Markov decision processes (MDPs), particularly under stringent accuracy requirements—a critical aspect for performing complex and precise robotic-arm tasks. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by highlighting how single-step learning enables improved value approximation within the multi-goal RL framework. The performance of the proposed replay strategy is evaluated across eight challenging robotic manipulation tasks, using ten random seeds for training. Our results indicate substantial improvements in sample efficiency for seven out of eight tasks and higher success rates in six tasks. Furthermore, real-world experiments validate the practical feasibility of the learned policies, demonstrating the potential of "Next-Future" in solving complex robotic-arm tasks. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotic arms