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Understanding multi-modal brain network data: An immersive 3D visualization approach

computers and graphics (Pergamon) 2022年 106卷 88-97页

作者： Pester, Britta Russig, Benjamin Winke, Oliver Ligges, Carolin Dachselt, Raimund Gumhold, Stefan Chair for Computer Graphics and Visualization TU Dresden Germany Jena University Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany Interactive Media Lab Dresden TU Dresden Germany TU Dresden Germany Germany

Understanding the human brain requires the incorporation of functional interaction patterns that depend on a variety of features like experimental setup, strength of directed connectedness or variability between several individuals or groups. In addition to these external factors, there are internal properties of the brain network as for example temporal propagation of connections, or connectivity patterns that only occur in a distinct frequency range of the signal. The visualization of detected networks covering all necessary information poses a substantial problem which is mainly due to the high number of features that have to be integrated within the same view in a natural spatial context. To address this problem, we propose a new tool that transfers the network into an anatomically arranged origin–destination view in a virtual visual analysis lab. This offers the user an opportunity to assess the temporal evolution of connectivity patterns and provides an intuitive and motivating way of exploring the corresponding features via navigation and interaction in virtual reality (VR). The approach was evaluated in a user study including participants with neuroscientific background as well as people working in the field of computer science. As a first proof of concept trial we used functional brain networks derived from time series of electroencephalography recordings evoked by visual stimuli. All participants gave a positive general feedback, notably they saw a benefit in using the VR view instead of the compared 2D desktop variant. This suggests that our application successfully fills a gap in the visualization of high-dimensional brain networks and that it is worthwhile to further follow and enhance the proposed representation method. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Holonomy: A Virtual Reality Exploration of Hyperbolic Geometry 24

Holonomy: A Virtual Reality Exploration of Hyperbolic Geomet...

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Proceedings of the 29th International ACM Conference on 3D Web Technology

作者： Martin Skrodzki Scott Jochems Joris Rijsdijk Ravi Snellenberg Rafael Bidarra Computer Graphics and Visualization TU Delft Netherlands TU Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706899

Holonomy is a virtual environment based on the mathematical concept of hyperbolic geometry. Unlike other environments, Holonomy allows users to seamlessly explore an infinite hyperbolic space by physically walking. They use their body as the controller, eliminating the need for teleportation or other artificial VR locomotion methods. This paper discusses the development of Holonomy, highlighting the technical challenges faced and overcome during its creation, including rendering complex hyperbolic environments, populating the space with objects, and implementing algorithms for finding shortest paths in the underlying non-Euclidean geometry. Furthermore, we present a proof-of-concept implementation in the form of a VR navigation game and some preliminary learning outcomes from this implementation.

关键词： Embodied Control

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Analyses of human sensitivity to redirected walking 08

Analyses of human sensitivity to redirected walking

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VRST 2008 ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

作者： Steinicke, Frank Bruder, Gerd Jerald, Jason Frenz, Harald Lappe, Markus Visualization and Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science WWU Münster Germany Effective Virtual Environments Group Department of Computer Science UNC Chapel Hill United States Psychology Department II WWU Münster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939517

Redirected walking allows users to walk through large-scale immersive virtual environments (IVEs) while physically remaining in a reasonably small workspace by intentionally injecting scene motion into the IVE. In a constant stimuli experiment with a twoalternative-forced-choice task we have quantified how much humans can unknowingly be redirected on virtual paths which are different from the paths they actually walk. 18 subjects have been tested in four different experiments: (E1a) discrimination between virtual and physical rotation, (E1b) discrimination between two successive rotations, (E2) discrimination between virtual and physical translation, and discrimination of walking direction (E3a) without and (E3b) with start-up. In experiment E1a subjects performed rotations to which different gains have been applied, and then had to choose whether or not the visually perceived rotation was greater than the physical rotation. In experiment E1b subjects discriminated between two successive rotations where different gains have been applied to the physical rotation. In experiment E2 subjects chose if they thought that the physical walk was longer than the visually perceived scaled travel distance. In experiment E3a subjects walked a straight path in the IVE which was physically bent to the left or to the right, and they estimate the direction of the curvature. In experiment E3a the gain was applied immediately, whereas the gain was applied after a start-up of two meters in experiment E3b. Our results show that users can be turned physically about 68% more or 10% less than the perceived virtual rotation, distances can be up-or down-scaled by 22%, and users can be redirected on an circular arc with a radius greater than 24 meters while they believe they are walking straight. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Rotation

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VINS - Shared Memory Space for Definition of Interactive Techniques 12

VINS - Shared Memory Space for Definition of Interactive Tec...

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ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

作者： Dimitar Valkov Alexander Giesler Klaus Hinrichs Visualization and Computer Graphics (VisCG) Research Group University of Muenster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450314695

Traditionally, interaction techniques for virtual reality applications are implemented in a proprietary way on specific target platforms, e.g., requiring specific hardware, physics or rendering libraries, which hinders reusability and portability. Even though abstraction layers for hardware devices are provided by numerous virtual reality libraries, they are usually tightly bound to a particular rendering environment and hardware configuration. In this paper we introduce VINS (Virtual Interactive Namespace) a seamless distributed memory space, which provides a hierarchical structure to support reusable design of interactive techniques. With VINS an interaction metaphor, whether it is implemented as function or class in the main application thread, uses its own thread or runs as its own process on another computer, can be transferred from one application to another without modifications. We describe the underlying concepts and present examples on how to integrate VINS with different frameworks or already implemented interactive techniques.

关键词： library virtual reality distributed interactive systems virtual reality Libraries Interactive Hardware Configuration shared memory hierarchical structure Reusability Program Thread THREADS

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Spherical layout – Layout for 3d tree visualization

Spherical layout – Layout for 3d tree visualization

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2007 IADIS International Conference on Interfaces and Human computer Interaction, IHCI 2007, part of the 1st IADIS Multi Conference on computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2007

作者： Larrea, Martín L. Martig, Sergio R. Castro, Silvia M. Visualization and Computer Graphics Research and Development Laboratory Departamento de Ciencias e Ingenería de la Computación Universidad Nacional del Sur Avenida Alem 1253 Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)9789728924393

The 3D tree visualization faces multiples challenges: the election of an appropriate layout, the use of the interactions that make it easier the data exploration and a metaphor that helps the information understanding. A good combination of these three elements (layout, interactions and metaphor) will result in a visualization that effectively convey the key features of a complex structure or system to a wide range of users and permits the analytical reasoning process. The goal of this work was centered in the 3D tree visualization. In spite of their apparent simplicity, the displaying of a tree in 3D can also introduce new problems that can be overcome with the appropriate interactions. So, we have developed a new visualization technique for 3D tree visualization;this includes the design of a new tree layout that we called Spherical layout and the set of interactions that can be applied on this representation. This technique allows representing hierarchical structures to different levels of detail and also can be used as a visualization technique that allows a tree with attribute to be visualized. The Spherical layout has shown good result for large trees without compromising the performance;this is a key issue in tree visualization. © 2007 IADIS

关键词： visualization

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Sonifying motor skills with Pizzicato, a game for motor behavior research

Sonifying motor skills with Pizzicato, a game for motor beha...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG

作者： Martin Starkov Scott Jochems Joris Rijsdijk Ravi Snellenberg Luca Stoffels Amir Zaidi Rafael Bidarra Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9798350350678

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350685

Learning motor skills is essential to many different aspects of life, from big movements needed for sports to small and simple movements used in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. In recent years, sonification, i.e. using sounds as feedback for actions, has been researched as a promising technique for studying motor behavior. In particular, we explore how to use sonification to make the process of learning motor skills accessible and engaging. We posit that an interactive and gamified environment can increase the engagement in that process. Moreover, an enjoyable setting is more likely to stimulate repetition, an indispensable feature of any learning endeavor. We, therefore, designed and developed Pizzicato, a rhythm-based serious game that leads players to move their arms and hands to actively play music. The game uses a common webcam to track your hand movements: pinching one finger to the thumb at the right position and moment will play musical notes that pleasantly add up to a full musical track. Our player tests have shown that players find Pizzicato accessible and engaging, and report that playing the game gives them a strong sense of agency. Pizzicato was developed in collaboration with neuropsychology colleagues, who are now starting to use it as a flexible tool for motor behavior research, both for diagnostic and rehabilitation purposes.

关键词： visualization Tracking Webcams Thumb Music Collaboration Games

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Inverting the Feature visualization Process for Feedforward Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Reinbold, Christian Westermann, Rüdiger Chair of Computer Graphics and Visualization Technical University of Munich Bavaria Germany

This work sheds light on the invertibility of feature visualization in neural networks. Since the input that is generated by feature visualization using activation maximization does, in general, not yield the feature objective it was optimized for, we investigate optimizing for the feature objective that yields this input. Given the objective function used in activation maximization that measures how closely a given input resembles the feature objective, we exploit that the gradient of this function w.r.t. inputs is—up to a scaling factor—linear in the objective. This observation is used to find the optimal feature objective via computing a closed form solution that minimizes the gradient. By means of Inverse Feature visualization, we intend to provide an alternative view on a networks sensitivity to certain inputs that considers feature objectives rather than activations. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： visualization

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Story ARtist

Story ARtist

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IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)

作者： Marie Kegeleers Rafael Bidarra Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781728174631

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174648

Most content creation applications currently in use are conventional PC applications with visualisation on a 2D screen and indirect interaction, e.g. through mouse and keyboard. Augmented Reality (AR) is a medium that can provide actual 3D visualisation and more hands-on interaction for these applications, due to its technology adding virtual elements to a real-world environment. We explored how AR can be used for story authoring, a specific type of content creation, and investigated how both types of existing AR interfaces, tangible and touch-less, can be combined in a useful way in that context [1]. The Story ARtist application was developed to evaluate the designed interactions and AR visualisation for story authoring. It features a tabletop environment to dynamically visualise the story authoring elements, augmented by the 3D space that AR provides. Story authoring is kept simple, with a linear plot point structure focused on core story elements like actions, characters and objects.

关键词： visualization Robots Augmented reality Three-dimensional displays Wearable computers Ubiquitous computing Two dimensional displays

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Graph-based combinations of fragment descriptors for improved 3D object retrieval 12

Graph-based combinations of fragment descriptors for improve...

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3rd ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys'12

作者： Schreck, Tobias Scherer, Maximilian Walter, Michael Bustos, Benjamin Yoon, Sang Min Kuijper, Arjan Data Analysis and Visualization Group University of Konstanz Germany Interactive Graphics Systems Technische Universität Darmstadt Germany KDW+PRISMA Department of Computer Science University of Chile Chile Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology Yonsei University Korea Republic of Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311311

3D Object Retrieval is an important field of research with many application possibilities. One of the main goals in this research is the development of discriminative methods for similarity search. The descriptor-based approach to date has seen a lot of research attention, with many different extraction algorithms proposed. In previous work, we have introduced a simple but effective scheme for 3D model retrieval based on a spatially fixed combination of 3D object fragment descriptors. In this work, we propose a novel flexible combination scheme based on finding the best matching fragment descriptors to use in the combination. By an exhaustive experimental evaluation on established benchmark data we show the capability of the new combination scheme to provide improved retrieval effectiveness. The method is proposed as a versatile and inexpensive method to enhance the effectiveness of a given global 3D descriptor approach. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Self organizing maps

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The office of the future: A unified approach to image-based modeling and spatially immersive displays 98

The office of the future: A unified approach to image-based ...

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25th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1998

作者： Raskar, Ramesh Welch, Greg Cutts, Matt Lake, Adam Stesin, Lev Fuchs, Henry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization CB 3175 Sitterson Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599-3175 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897919998

We introduce ideas, proposed technologies, and initial results for an office of the future that is based on a unified application of computer vision and computer graphics in a system that combines and builds upon the notions of the CAVE™, tiled display systems, and image-based modeling. The basic idea is to use real-time computer vision techniques to dynamically extract per-pixel depth and reflectance information for the visible surfaces in the office including walls, furniture, objects, and people, and then to either project images on the surfaces, render images of the surfaces, or interpret changes in the surfaces. In the first case, one could designate every-day (potentially irregular) real surfaces in the office to be used as spatially immersive display surfaces, and then project high-resolution graphics and text onto those surfaces. In the second case, one could transmit the dynamic image-based models over a network for display at a remote site. Finally, one could interpret dynamic changes in the surfaces for the purposes of tracking, interaction, or augmented reality applications. To accomplish the simultaneous capture and display we envision an office of the future where the ceiling lights are replaced by computer controlled cameras and "smart" projectors that are used to capture dynamic image-based models with imperceptible structured light techniques, and to display high-resolution images on designated display surfaces. By doing both simultaneously on the designated display surfaces, one can dynamically adjust or autocalibrate for geometric, intensity, and resolution variations resulting from irregular or changing display surfaces, or overlapped projector images. Our current approach to dynamic image-based modeling is to use an optimized structured light scheme that can capture per-pixel depth and reflectance at interactive rates. Our system implementation is not yet imperceptible, but we can demonstrate the approach in the laboratory. Our approach to rende

关键词： Reflection

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