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arXiv 2023年

作者： Coulon, Rémi Dorfsman-Hopkins, Gabriel Harriss, Edmund Skrodzki, Martin Stange, Katherine E. Whitney, Glen Univ Rennes CNRS IRMAR - UMR 6625 Rennes35000 France Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science St. Lawrence University CantonNY United States Department of Mathematics School of Art University of Arkansas United States Computer Graphics and Visualization TU Delft Netherlands Department of Mathematics University of Colorado Boulder United States Prison Math Project

MSC Codes 01-02, 01A65, 01A67, 00-02Mathematical understanding is built in many ways. Among these, illustration has been a companion and tool for research for as long as research has taken place. We use the term illustration to encompass any way one might bring a mathematical idea into physical form or experience, including hand-made diagrams or models, computer visualization, 3D printing, and virtual reality, among many others. The very process of illustration itself challenges our mathematical understanding and forces us to answer questions we may not have posed otherwise. It can even make mathematics an experimental science, in which immersive exploration of data and representations drive the cycle of problem, conjecture, and proof. Today, modern technology for the first time places the production of highly complicated models within the reach of many individual mathematicians. Here, we sketch the rich history of illustration, highlight important recent examples of its contribution to research, and examine how it can be viewed as a discipline in its own right. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Virtual reality

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MultiAR: A Multi-User Augmented Reality Platform for Biomedical Education

MultiAR: A Multi-User Augmented Reality Platform for Biomedi...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Markus Perz Gijs Luijten Jens Kleesiek Dieter Schmalstieg Jan Egger Christina Gsaxner Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen West German Cancer Center Essen Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Virtual and Extended Reality in Medicine (ZvRM) University Hospital Essen Essen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

This paper addresses the growing integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in biomedical sciences, emphasizing collaborative learning experiences. We present MultiAR, a versatile, domain-specific platform enabling multi-user interactions in AR for biomedical education. Unlike platform-specific solutions, MultiAR supports various AR devices, including handheld and head-mounted options. The framework extends across domains, augmenting biomedical education applications with collaborative capabilities. We define essential requirements for a multi-user AR framework in education, detail MultiAR’s design and implementation, and comprehensively evaluate it using anatomy education examples. Quantitative and qualitative analyses, covering system performance, accuracy metrics, and a user study with 20 participants, highlight the urgent need for a tailored collaborative AR platform in biomedical education. Results underscore enthusiasm for collaborative AR technology, endorsing MultiAR as an accessible, versatile solution for developers and end-users in biomedical education.

关键词： Measurement Accuracy Federated learning System performance Education Collaboration Anatomy Engineering in medicine and biology Augmented reality

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The experience of developing real-time rendering systems for the simulation and training 23

The experience of developing real-time rendering systems for...

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23rd International Conference on computer graphics and Vision, GraphiCon 2013

作者： Dolgovesov, Boris S. Morozov, Boris B. Synthesizing Visualization Systems Laboratory Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS Russia Software Systems for Computer Graphics Laboratory Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9785804414024

This paper is about implementation of the presentations system based on integrated virtual reality technology. This system provides the combining of a virtual environment and a lecturer who can interact with object's models of a virtual environment real-time. Furthermore the system can combine different multimedia data (3D objects' models, video, Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, histograms, tomography data, etc.). This option expands the potential of interactive presentation process. © 23rd International Conference on computer graphics and Vision, GraphiCon 2013 - Conference Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Declarative procedural generation of architecture with semantic architectural profiles

Declarative procedural generation of architecture with seman...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG

作者： Levi van Aanholt Rafael Bidarra Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Delft University of Technology The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781728145334

ISBN: (纸本)9781728145341

Procedural content generation (PCG) for architecture is widely used in a variety of digital media, most notably in games. However, such methods are often limited in their expressive range, and require considerable technical knowledge to create non-trivial architectural structures. We present a novel tile-based PCG approach for generating architecture, that proposes the use of architectural profiles, a declarative characterization of architectural typology, within a generic tile solving framework. An architectural profile consists of a set of tiles, representing atomic architectural building blocks, and a set of declarative constraints and rules, specifying which conditions a tile configuration has to satisfy to be valid. These conditions are translated into logic constraints, and used by a tile solver to control tile placement in a bottom-up manner. Eventually, each valid model output by the solver is a representative instance of its architectural profile. We describe an implementation of this approach with Answer Set Programming, using an off-the-shelf constraint solver for model generation. We performed an expressive range analysis, and concluded that our declarative method is quite controllable and can be steered over a broad range of architectural structures, regarding density and repetitiveness. Due to this expressive range and control, our tile-based method is very suitable for the customized development of urban environments for games.

关键词： Tiles Shape Semantics computer architecture Buildings Computational modeling Architecture

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Weaving patterns inspired by the pentagon snub subdivision scheme

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lipschütz, Henriette Reitebuch, Ulrich Skrodzki, Martin Polthier, Konrad Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik Institut für Mathematik Freie Universität Berlin Germany Computer Graphics and Visualization TU Delft Netherlands

Various computer simulations regarding, e.g., the weather or structural mechanics, solve complex problems on a two-dimensional domain. They mostly do so by splitting the input domain into a finite set of smaller and simpler elements on which the simulation can be run fast and efficiently. This process of splitting can be automatized by using subdivision schemes. Given the wide range of simulation problems to be tackled, an equally wide range of subdivision schemes is available. They create subdivisions that are (mainly) comprised of triangles, quadrilaterals, or hexagons. Furthermore, they ensure that (almost) all vertices have the same number of neighboring vertices. This paper illustrates a subdivision scheme that splits the input domain into pentagons. Repeated application of the scheme gives rise to fractal-like structures. Furthermore, the resulting subdivided domain admits to certain weaving patterns. These patterns are subsequently generalized to several other subdivision schemes. As a final contribution, we provide paper models illustrating the weaving patterns induced by the pentagonal subdivision scheme. Furthermore, we present a jigsaw puzzle illustrating both the subdivision process and the induced weaving pattern. These transform the visual and abstract mathematical algorithms into tactile objects that offer exploration possibilities aside from the visual. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Fractals

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Inverting the Feature visualization Process for Feedforward Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Reinbold, Christian Westermann, Rüdiger Chair of Computer Graphics and Visualization Technical University of Munich Bavaria Germany

This work sheds light on the invertibility of feature visualization in neural networks. Since the input that is generated by feature visualization using activation maximization does, in general, not yield the feature objective it was optimized for, we investigate optimizing for the feature objective that yields this input. Given the objective function used in activation maximization that measures how closely a given input resembles the feature objective, we exploit that the gradient of this function w.r.t. inputs is—up to a scaling factor—linear in the objective. This observation is used to find the optimal feature objective via computing a closed form solution that minimizes the gradient. By means of Inverse Feature visualization, we intend to provide an alternative view on a networks sensitivity to certain inputs that considers feature objectives rather than activations. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： visualization

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Story ARtist

Story ARtist

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IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)

作者： Marie Kegeleers Rafael Bidarra Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781728174631

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174648

Most content creation applications currently in use are conventional PC applications with visualisation on a 2D screen and indirect interaction, e.g. through mouse and keyboard. Augmented Reality (AR) is a medium that can provide actual 3D visualisation and more hands-on interaction for these applications, due to its technology adding virtual elements to a real-world environment. We explored how AR can be used for story authoring, a specific type of content creation, and investigated how both types of existing AR interfaces, tangible and touch-less, can be combined in a useful way in that context [1]. The Story ARtist application was developed to evaluate the designed interactions and AR visualisation for story authoring. It features a tabletop environment to dynamically visualise the story authoring elements, augmented by the 3D space that AR provides. Story authoring is kept simple, with a linear plot point structure focused on core story elements like actions, characters and objects.

关键词： visualization Robots Augmented reality Three-dimensional displays Wearable computers Ubiquitous computing Two dimensional displays

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End-to-end Color 3D reproduction of cultural heritage artifacts: Roseninsel replicas

End-to-end Color 3D reproduction of cultural heritage artifa...

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2019 Eurographics Workshop on graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2019

作者： Domajnko, M. Tanksale, T. Tausch, R. Ritz, M. Knuth, M. Santos, P. Fellner, D.W. TU Darmstadt and Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680826

Planning exhibitions of cultural artifacts is always challenging. Artifacts can be very sensitive to the environment and therefore their display can be risky. One way to circumvent this is to build replicas of these artifacts. Here, 3D digitization and reproduction, either physical via 3D printing or virtual, using computer graphics, can be the method of choice. For this use case we present a workflow, from photogrammetric acquisition in challenging environments to representation of the acquired 3D models in different ways, such as online visualization and color 3D printed replicas. This work can also be seen as a first step towards establishing a workflow for full color end-to-end reproduction of artifacts. Our workflow was applied on cultural artifacts found around the "Roseninsel" (Rose Island), an island in Lake Starnberg (Bavaria), in collaboration with the Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Munich. We demonstrate the results of the end-to-end reproduction workflow leading to virtual replicas (online 3D visualization, virtual and augmented reality) and physical replicas (3D printed objects). In addition, we discuss potential optimizations and briefly present an improved state-of-the-art 3D digitization system for fully autonomous acquisition of geometry and colors of cultural heritage objects. © 2019 Eurographics Association.

关键词： Color

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Clustering ensembles of 3D jet-stream core lines

Clustering ensembles of 3D jet-stream core lines

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2019 Conference on Vision, Modeling and visualization, VMV 2019

作者： Kern, Michael Westermann, Rüdiger Technische Universität München Chair of Computer Graphics and Visualization Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680987

The extraction of a jet-stream core line in a wind field results in many disconnected line segments of arbitrary topology. In an ensemble of wind fields, these structures show high variation, coincide only partly, and almost nowhere agree in all ensemble members. In this paper, we shed light on the use of clustering for visualizing an ensemble of jet-stream core lines. Since classical approaches for clustering 3D line sets fail due to the mentioned properties, we analyze different strategies and compare them to each other: We cluster the 3D scalar fields from which jet-stream core lines are extracted. We cluster on a closest-point representation of each set of core lines. These representations are derived from the extracted line geometry and can be used independently of the line orientation and topology. We cluster on the 3D line set using the Hausdorff distance as similarity metric. In the resulting clusters, we visualize core lines from the most representative ensemble member. We further compute ridges in a single 3D visitation map that is build from the ensemble of core lines, and we extract the most central core line from the ensemble closest-point representation. These "averages" are compared to the clustering results, and they are put into relation to ground truth jet-stream core lines at the predicted lead time. © 2019 The Author(s) Eurographics Proceedings © 2019 The Eurographics Association.

关键词： Topology

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Comparing bayesian models for organ contouring in headand neck radiotherapy

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Mody, Prerak P. Chaves-De-Plaza, Nicolas Hildebrandt, Klaus van Egmond, René de Ridder, Huib Staring, Marius Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Computer Graphics and Visualization Lab TU Delft Delft Netherlands Industrial Design Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands

Deep learning models for organ contouring in radiotherapy are poised for clinical usage, but currently, there exist few tools for automated quality assessment (QA) of the predicted contours. Using Bayesian models and their associated uncertainty, one can potentially automate the process of detecting inaccurate predictions. We investigate two Bayesian models for auto-contouring, DropOut and FlipOut, using a quantitative measure – expected calibration error (ECE) and a qualitative measure – region-based accuracy-vs-uncertainty (R-AvU) graphs. It is well understood that a model should have low ECE to be considered trustworthy. However, in a QA context, a model should also have high uncertainty in inaccurate regions and low uncertainty in accurate regions. Such behaviour could direct visual attention of expert users to potentially inaccurate regions, leading to a speed-up in the QA process. Using R-AvU graphs, we qualitatively compare the behaviour of different models in accurate and inaccurate regions. Experiments are conducted on the MICCAI2015 Head and Neck Segmentation Challenge and on the DeepMindTCIA CT dataset using three models: DropOut-DICE, Dropout-CE (Cross Entropy) and FlipOut-CE. Quantitative results show that DropOut-DICE has the highest ECE, while Dropout-CE and FlipOut-CE have the lowest ECE. To better understand the difference between DropOut-CE and FlipOut-CE, we use the R-AvU graph which shows that FlipOut-CE has better uncertainty coverage in inaccurate regions than DropOut-CE. Such a combination of quantitative and qualitative metrics explores a new approach that helps to select which model can be deployed as a QA tool in clinical settings. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Entropy

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