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3rd Eurographics Workshop on VisualComputing in Biology and Medicine, EG VCBM 2012

作者： Wu, Jun Bürger, Kai Westermann, Rüdiger Dick, Christian Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Technische Universität München Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783905674385

Residual stress is the stress which remains in a deformable body in the absence of external forces. Due to the release of residual stress after cutting, soft tissues will shrink and the wound will open. Thus, to realistically simulate soft tissue deformations due to cutting, a model for the residual stress in a patient body is needed. In this paper we present an interactive method to compute a physically meaningful patient-specific residual stress distribution. With our method, by using their experience doctors can sketch directional stress strokes and specify stress magnitudes at a few control points on the body surface. The residual stress is then immediately computed from these inputs and visualized by displaying the deformations of a set of control cuts on the body. In a visually guided session, the user can further modify the initial strokes and magnitudes until a sat isfactory result is obtained. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for virtual cut simulation by showing the variations of wound openings depending on the residual stress distribution. © The Eurographics Association 2012.

关键词： Residual stresses

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Efficient finite element methods for deformable bodies in medical applications

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Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 2012年第2期40卷 155-172页

作者： Georgii, Joachim Dick, Christian Fraunhofer MEVIS Institute for Medical Image Computing Bremen Germany Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Technische Universität München Germany

Simulation techniques for deformable bodies are of major relevance for a broad range of medical applications. In recent decades, a lot of work has been performed to improve simulation methods, allowing interactivity or even real time. However, this work often focused on applications such as computer games or virtual environments, where physical accuracy is not a primary goal. The goal of this report is to give an overview of efficient physics-based techniques for deformable objects, focusing on finite element methods, and to discuss the applicability of these techniques in medical scenarios. As a result, we focus on techniques that are amenable to simulating highly resolved meshes, which for instance can be generated from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images, and we review the so-called corotated finite element method that has shown a high potential in recent years. Specifically, we will capture in detail the related work in this field and demonstrate the current state of the art in efficient deformable bodies simulations. © 2012 Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Medical applications

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visualization of global correlation structures in uncertain 2D scalar fields

Visualization of global correlation structures in uncertain ...

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14th Eurographics Conference on visualization 2012, EuroVis 2012

作者： Pfaffelmoser, Tobias Westermann, Rüdiger Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Technische Universität München Germany

Visualizing correlations, i.e., the tendency of uncertain data values at different spatial positions to change contrarily or according to each other, allows inferring on the possible variations of structures in the data. Visualizing global correlation structures, however, is extremely challenging, since it is not clear how the visualization of complicated long-range dependencies can be integrated into standard visualizations of spatial data. Furthermore, storing correlation information imposes a memory requirement that is quadratic in the number of spatial sample positions. This paper presents a novel approach for visualizing both positive and inverse global correlation structures in uncertain 2D scalar fields, where the uncertainty is modeled via a multivariate Gaussian distribution. We introduce a new measure for the degree of dependency of a random variable on its local and global surroundings, and we propose a spatial clustering approach based on this measure to classify regions of a particular correlation strength. The clustering performs a correlation filtering, which results in a representation that is only linear in the number of spatial sample points. Via cluster coloring the correlation information can be embedded into visualizations of other statistical quantities, such as the mean and the standard deviation. We finally propose a hierarchical cluster subdivision scheme to further allow for the simultaneous visualization of local and global correlations. © 2012 The Author(s).

关键词： visualization

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Designing semantic game worlds

Designing semantic game worlds

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3rd Workshop on Procedural Content Generation in Games, PCG 2012, Organized in Conjunction with the Foundations of Digital Games Conference, FDG 2012

作者： Kessing, Jassin Tutenel, Tim Bidarra, Rafael Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 2628 CD Delft Netherlands

Current game worlds often fall short in providing consistency between the visual representation of the world and the way it feels, behaves, and reacts. This problem partly originates from the goal-oriented and cost-effective nature of the game development process, which mostly favors ad hoc solutions for one particular game, rather than investing in concepts like reusability and emergent gameplay. In broader terms, we observe that game worlds miss semantics, and we argue that its deployment has the potential to bring about the consistency missing in their content. Therefore, we present a novel approach aimed at enriching virtual entities in game worlds with information about their roles, how they relate to others, and how they can affect and interact with players, NPCs, and with each other. We discuss several requirements to achieve these goals, and introduce a semantic model to represent game worlds. In order to support and validate this model, we have developed Entika, a framework to facilitate the deployment of semantics during game development, as well as its maintenance during run-time. Furthermore, we briefly discuss several applications that demonstrate the power of this semantic model for game worlds. After careful evaluation of our semantic game world model and framework, we conclude that a semantically rich world representation can substantially assist designers in creating much more consistent game worlds.

关键词： Semantics

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Using gameplay semantics to procedurally generate player-matching game worlds

Using gameplay semantics to procedurally generate player-mat...

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3rd Workshop on Procedural Content Generation in Games, PCG 2012, Organized in Conjunction with the Foundations of Digital Games Conference, FDG 2012

作者： Lopes, Ricardo Tutenel, Tim Bidarra, Rafael Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 2628 CD Delft Netherlands

The use of procedural content generation to support adaptive games is starting to gain momentum in current research. However, there are still many open issues to tackle, namely the reusability of methodologies. Our research focuses on reusable and generic methods for linking the procedural generation of 3D game worlds with gameplay, as measured by player modelling techniques. As the interface for that link, we propose the use of gameplay semantics, a knowledge representation technique that allows our case-based generator to match content to player models. We present and discuss the implementation of our proposed method in an existing game, Stunt Playground. Gameplay semantics is created by designers in a generic way and is then used to procedurally generate player-matching Stunt Playground game worlds, both at the design and game stage. Current results show that our approach can automatically create such adaptive game content, thus effectively bridging game world designers, procedural generation and gameplay.

关键词： Semantics

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Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes 12

Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes

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3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research and Application, COM.Geo 2012

作者： Vaaraniemi, Mikael Treib, Marc Westermann, Rüdiger BMW Research and Technology GmbH Munich Germany Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Technische Universität München Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311137

The augmentation of objects by textual annotations provides a powerful means for visual data exploration. Especially in interactive scenarios, where the view on the objects and, thus, the preferred placement of annotations changes continually, efficient labeling procedures are required. As identified by a preliminary study for this paper, these procedures have to consider a number of requirements for achieving an optimal readability, e.g. cartographic principles, visual association and temporal coherence. In this paper, we present a force-based labeling algorithm for 2D and 3D scenes, which can compute the placements of annotations at very high speed and fulfills the identified requirements. The efficient labeling of several hundred annotations is achieved by computing their layout in parallel on the GPU. This allows for a real-time and collision-free arrangement of both dynamically changing and static information. We demonstrate that our method supports a large variety of applications, e.g. geographical information systems, automotive navigation systems, and scientific or information visualization systems. We conclude the paper with an expert study which confirms the enhancements brought by our algorithm with respect to visual association and readability. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Geographic information systems

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A survey of dimension reduction methods for high-dimensional data analysis and visualization

A survey of dimension reduction methods for high-dimensional...

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International Research and Training group 1131 Workshop on visualization of Large and Unstructured Data Sets: Applications in Geospatial Planning, Modeling and Engineering, VLUDS 2011

作者： Engel, Daniel Hüttenberger, Lars Hamann, Bernd Computer Graphics and HCI Group University of Kaiserslautern Germany CS Department Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization University of California Davis United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783939897460

Dimension reduction is commonly defined as the process of mapping high-dimensional data to a lower-dimensional embedding. Applications of dimension reduction include, but are not limited to, filtering, compression, regression, classification, feature analysis, and visualization. We review methods that compute a point-based visual representation of high-dimensional data sets to aid in exploratory data analysis. The aim is not to be exhaustive but to provide an overview of basic approaches, as well as to review select state-of-the-art methods. Our survey paper is an introduction to dimension reduction from a visualization point of view. Subsequently, a comparison of state-of-the-art methods outlines relations and shared research foci.

关键词： visualization

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Spherical terrain rendering using the hierarchical HEALPix grid

Spherical terrain rendering using the hierarchical HEALPix g...

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International Research and Training group 1131 Workshop on visualization of Large and Unstructured Data Sets: Applications in Geospatial Planning, Modeling and Engineering, VLUDS 2011

作者： Westerteiger, Rolf Gerndt, Andreas Hamann, Bernd Braunschweig Germany CS Department Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization University of California Davis United States Computer Graphics and HCI Group University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783939897460

We present an interactive spherical terrain rendering system employing a hierarchical subdivision of the HEALPix coordinate system using quadtrees. Compared to other parameterizations, the scheme avoids singularities and allows for efficient fusion of mixed-resolution digital elevation models and imagery. A Level-of-Detail heuristic is used to guarantee both high performance and visual fidelity. Unified treatment of DEM and imagery data is achieved by performing the HEALPix projection within a GPU shader. The system is applied to the exploration of Mars, using both MOLA (NASA) and HRSC (German Aerospace Center) data sets.

关键词： NASA

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Feature-based visualization of dense integral line data

Feature-based visualization of dense integral line data

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International Research and Training group 1131 Workshop on visualization of Large and Unstructured Data Sets: Applications in Geospatial Planning, Modeling and Engineering, VLUDS 2011

作者： Schröder, Simon Obermaier, Harald Garth, Christoph Joy, Kenneth I. Computer Graphics and HCI Group University of Kaiserslautern Germany Fraunhofer ITWM Kaiserslautern Germany Computational Topology Group University of Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization University of California Davis United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783939897460

Feature-based visualization of flow fields has proven as an effective tool for flow analysis. While most flow visualization techniques operate on vector field data, our visualization techniques make use of a different simulation output: Particle Tracers. Our approach solely relies on integral lines that can be easily obtained from most simulation software. The task is the visualization of dense integral line data. We combine existing methods for streamline visualization, i. e. illumination, transparency, and halos, and add ambient occlusion for lines. But, this only solves one part of the problem: because of the high density of lines, visualization has to fight with occlusion, high frequency noise, and overlaps. As a solution we propose non-automated choices of transfer functions on curve properties that help highlighting important flow features like vortices or turbulent areas. These curve properties resemble some of the original flow properties. With the new combination of existing line drawing methods and the addition of ambient occlusion we improve the visualization of lines by adding better shape and depth cues. The intelligent use of transfer functions on curve properties reduces visual clutter and helps focusing on important features while still retaining context, as demonstrated in the examples given in this work.

关键词： Transfer functions

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VINS - Shared Memory Space for Definition of Interactive Techniques 12

VINS - Shared Memory Space for Definition of Interactive Tec...

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ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

作者： Dimitar Valkov Alexander Giesler Klaus Hinrichs Visualization and Computer Graphics (VisCG) Research Group University of Muenster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450314695

Traditionally, interaction techniques for virtual reality applications are implemented in a proprietary way on specific target platforms, e.g., requiring specific hardware, physics or rendering libraries, which hinders reusability and portability. Even though abstraction layers for hardware devices are provided by numerous virtual reality libraries, they are usually tightly bound to a particular rendering environment and hardware configuration. In this paper we introduce VINS (Virtual Interactive Namespace) a seamless distributed memory space, which provides a hierarchical structure to support reusable design of interactive techniques. With VINS an interaction metaphor, whether it is implemented as function or class in the main application thread, uses its own thread or runs as its own process on another computer, can be transferred from one application to another without modifications. We describe the underlying concepts and present examples on how to integrate VINS with different frameworks or already implemented interactive techniques.

关键词： library virtual reality distributed interactive systems virtual reality Libraries Interactive Hardware Configuration shared memory hierarchical structure Reusability Program Thread THREADS

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