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Transitional environments enhance distance perception in immersive virtual reality systems 09

Transitional environments enhance distance perception in imm...

引用

APGV 2009: Symposium on Applied Perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Steinicke, Frank Bruder, Gerd Hinrichs, Klaus Lappe, Markus Ries, Brian Interrante, Victoria Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group Germany Psychology Department II University of Münster Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

Several experiments have provided evidence that ego-centric distances are perceived as compressed in immersive virtual environments relative to the real world. The principal factors responsible for this phenomenon have remained largely unknown. However, recent experiments suggest that when the virtual environment (VE) is an exact replica of a user's real physical surroundings, the person's distance perception improves. Furthermore, it has been shown that when users start their virtual reality (VR) experience in such a virtual replica and then gradually transition to a different VE, their sense of presence in the actual virtual world increases significantly. In this case the virtual replica serves as a transitional environment between the real and virtual world. In this paper we examine whether a person's distance estimation skills can be transferred from a transitional environment to a different VE. We have conducted blind walking experiments to analyze if starting the VR experience in a transitional environment can improve a person's ability to estimate distances in an immersive VR system. We found that users significantly improve their distance estimation skills when they enter the virtual world via a transitional environment. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Presence-enhancing real walking user interface for first-person video games

Presence-enhancing real walking user interface for first-per...

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2009 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games, Sandbox '09

作者： Steinicke, Frank Bruder, Gerd Hinrichs, Klaus Steed, Anthony Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group Department of Computer Science University of Munster Einsteinstraße 62 48149 Munster Germany Virtual Environments and Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781605585147

For most first-person video games it is important that players have a high level of feeling presence in the displayed game environment. Virtual reality (VR) technologies have enormous potential to enhance gameplay since players can experience the game immersively from the perspective of the player's virtual character. However, the VR technology itself, such as tracking devices and cabling, has until recently restricted the ability of users to really walk over long distances. In this paper we introduce a VR-based user interface for presence-enhancing gameplay with which players can explore the game environment in the most natural way, i. e., by real walking. While the player walks through the virtual game environment, we guide him/her on a physical path which is different from the virtual path and fits into the VR laboratory space. In order to further increase the VR experience, we introduce the concept of transitional environments. Such a transitional environment is a virtual replica of the laboratory environment, where the VR experience starts and which enables a gradual transition to the game environment. We have quantified how much humans can unknowingly be redirected and whether or not a gradual transition to a first-person game via a transitional environment increases the user's sense of presence. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Judgment of natural perspective projections in head-mounted display environments 09

Judgment of natural perspective projections in head-mounted ...

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VRST 2009 - 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

作者： Steinicke, Frank Bruder, Gerd Hinrichs, Klaus Lappe, Markus Kuhl, Scott Willemsen, Pete Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany Psychology Department II University of Münster Germany Department of Computer Science Michigan Technological University United States Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota Duluth United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605588698

The display units integrated in todays head-mounted displays (HMDs) provide only a limited field of view (FOV) to the virtual world. In order to present an undistorted view to the virtual environment (VE), the perspective projection used to render the VE has to be adjusted to the limitations caused by the HMD characteristics. In particular, the geometric field of view (GFOV), which defines the virtual aperture angle used for rendering of the 3D scene, is set up according to the display's field of view. A discrepancy between these two fields of view distorts the geometry of the VE in a way that either minifies or magnifies the imagery displayed to the user. Discrepancies between the geometric and physical FOV causes the imagery to be minified or magnified. This distortion has the potential to negatively or positively affect a user's perception of the virtual space, sense of presence, and performance on visual search tasks. In this paper we analyze if a user is consciously aware of perspective distortions of the VE displayed in the HMD. We introduce a psychophysical calibration method to determine the HMD's actual field of view, which may vary from the nominal values specified by the manufacturer. Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to identify perspective projections for HMDs which are identified as natural by subjects-even if these perspectives deviate from the perspectives that are inherently defined by the display's field of view. We found that subjects evaluate a field of view as natural when it is larger than the actual field of view of the HMD-in some cases up to 50%. Copyright © 2009 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Advanced illumination techniques for GPU-based volume raycasting 09

Advanced illumination techniques for GPU-based volume raycas...

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ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses, SIGGRAPH '09

作者： Hadwiger, Markus Ljung, Patric Salama, Christof Rezk Ropinski, Timo VRVis Research Center for Virtual Reality and Visualization Donau-City-Straße 1 A-1220 Vienna Austria Siemens Corporate Research Imaging and Visualization Department 755 College Road East Princeton NJ 08540 United States Computer Graphics Group University of Siegen Hölderlinstr. 3 57068 Siegen Germany Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group University of Münster Einsteinstr. 62 48149 Münster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379380

Volume raycasting techniques are important for both visual arts and visualization. They allow efficient generation of visual effects and visualization of scientific data obtained by tomography or numerical simulation. Volume-rendering techniques are also effective for direct rendering of implicit surfaces used for soft-body animation and constructive solid geometry. The focus of this course is on volumetric illumination techniques that approximate physically based light transport in participating media. Such techniques include interactive implementation of soft and hard shadows, ambient occlusion, and simple Monte Carlo-based approaches to global illumination, including translucency and scattering.

关键词： visualization

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Arch-Explore: A natural user interface for immersive architectural walkthroughs

Arch-Explore: A natural user interface for immersive archite...

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IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

作者： Gerd Bruder Frank Steinicke Klaus H. Hinrichs Visualization and Computer Graphics (VisCG) Research Group Department of Computer Science University of Münster Munster Germany

In this paper we propose the Arch-Explore user interface, which supports natural exploration of architectural 3D models at different scales in a real walking virtual reality (VR) environment such as head-mounted display (HMD) or CAVE setups. We discuss in detail how user movements can be transferred to the virtual world to enable walking through virtual indoor environments. To overcome the limited interaction space in small VR laboratory setups, we have implemented redirected walking techniques to support natural exploration of comparably large-scale virtual models. Furthermore, the concept of virtual portals provides a means to cover long distances intuitively within architectural models. We describe the software and hardware setup and discuss benefits of Arch-Explore.

关键词： User interfaces Legged locomotion Virtual reality computer graphics Indoor environments Laboratories Hardware Virtual environment Haptic interfaces Feedback

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On the Triangle-Perimeter Two-Site Voronoi Diagram

On the Triangle-Perimeter Two-Site Voronoi Diagram

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International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams in science and Engineering (ISVD)

作者： Iddo Hanniel Gill Barequet Research Group Solid Works Corporation Concord MA USA Center of Graphics and Geometric Computing Department of Computer Science Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel

The triangle-perimeter 2-site distance function defines the "distance" P(x, (p, q)) from a point x to two other points p, q as the perimeter of the triangle whose vertices are x, p, q. Accordingly, given a set S of n points in the plane, the Voronoi diagram of S with respect to P, denoted as V P (S), is the subdivision of the plane into regions, where the region of p, q ¿ S is the locus of all points closer to p, q (according to P) than to any other pair of sites in S. In this paper we prove a theorem about the perimeters of triangles, two of whose vertices are on a given circle. We use this theorem to show that the combinatorial complexity of V P (S) is O(n 2+¿ ) (for any ¿ > 0). Consequently, we show that one can compute V P (S) on O(n 2+¿ ) time and space.

关键词： computer science Q measurement Mobile antennas Transmitting antennas computer graphics Crystallography Geography Metrology Biology Mathematics

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A User Guidance Approach for Passive Haptic Environments 14

A User Guidance Approach for Passive Haptic Environments

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14th Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments, EGVE 2008

作者： Steinicke, F. Welzel, H. Bruder, G. Hinrichs, K. Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group Institute of Computer Science Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783905673661

Traveling through virtual environments (VEs) by means of real walking is a challenging task since usually the size of the virtual world exceeds the size of the tracked interaction space. Redirected walking is one concept to solve this problem by guiding the user on a physical path which differs from the path the user visually perceives, for example, in head-mounted display (HMD) *** user can be redirected to certain locations in the physical space, in particular to real proxy objects which provide passive feedback. In such passive haptic environments, any number of virtual objects can be mapped to proxy objects having similar haptic properties, i. e., size, shape and texture. When the user is guided to corresponding proxy objects, s/he can sense virtual objects by touching their real world counterparts. Therefore it is vital to predict the user’s movements in the virtual world in order to recognize the target location. Based on the prediction a transformed path can be determined in the physical space on which the user is guided to the desired proxy object. In this paper we present concepts how a user’s path can be predicted reliably and how a corresponding path to a desired proxy object can be derived on which the user does not observe inconsistencies between vision and proprioception. © The Eurographics Association 2008.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Analyses of human sensitivity to redirected walking 08

Analyses of human sensitivity to redirected walking

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VRST 2008 ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

作者： Steinicke, Frank Bruder, Gerd Jerald, Jason Frenz, Harald Lappe, Markus Visualization and Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science WWU Münster Germany Effective Virtual Environments Group Department of Computer Science UNC Chapel Hill United States Psychology Department II WWU Münster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939517

Redirected walking allows users to walk through large-scale immersive virtual environments (IVEs) while physically remaining in a reasonably small workspace by intentionally injecting scene motion into the IVE. In a constant stimuli experiment with a twoalternative-forced-choice task we have quantified how much humans can unknowingly be redirected on virtual paths which are different from the paths they actually walk. 18 subjects have been tested in four different experiments: (E1a) discrimination between virtual and physical rotation, (E1b) discrimination between two successive rotations, (E2) discrimination between virtual and physical translation, and discrimination of walking direction (E3a) without and (E3b) with start-up. In experiment E1a subjects performed rotations to which different gains have been applied, and then had to choose whether or not the visually perceived rotation was greater than the physical rotation. In experiment E1b subjects discriminated between two successive rotations where different gains have been applied to the physical rotation. In experiment E2 subjects chose if they thought that the physical walk was longer than the visually perceived scaled travel distance. In experiment E3a subjects walked a straight path in the IVE which was physically bent to the left or to the right, and they estimate the direction of the curvature. In experiment E3a the gain was applied immediately, whereas the gain was applied after a start-up of two meters in experiment E3b. Our results show that users can be turned physically about 68% more or 10% less than the perceived virtual rotation, distances can be up-or down-scaled by 22%, and users can be redirected on an circular arc with a radius greater than 24 meters while they believe they are walking straight. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Rotation

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Advanced illumination for gpu volume

Advanced illumination for gpu volume

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ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 Courses, SIGGRAPH Asia'08

作者： Salama, Christof Rezk Ropinski, Timo Hadwiger, Markus Ljung, Patric Computer Graphics Group University of Siegen Hölderlinstr. 3 57068 Siegen Germany Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group University of Münster Einsteinstr. 62 48149 Münster Germany VRVis Research Center for Virtual Reality and Visualization Donau-City-StraBe A-1220 Vienna Austria Siemens Corporate Research Imaging and Visualization Department 755 College Road East Princeton NJ 08540 United States

Volume raycasting techniques are important for both visual arts and. They allow an efficient generation of visual effects and visualization of scientific data obtained by tomography or numerical. Thanks to their flexibility, experts agree that GPU-based is the state-of-the art technique for interactive volume *** most likely replace existing slice-based techniques in the near. Volume rendering techniques are also effective for the direct rendering implicit surfaces used for soft body animation and constructive *** starts off with an in-depth introduction to the concepts GPU-based ray-casting to provide a common base for the following. The focus of this course is on advanced illumination techniques approximate the physically-based light transport more convincingly. techniques include interactive implementation of soft hard shadows, ambient occlusion and simple Monte-Carlo based approaches global illumination including translucency and scattering. the proposed techniques, users are le to interactively create images from volumetric data whose visual quality goes far traditional approaches. The optical properties in participating are defined using the phase function. Many approximations to the based light transport applied for rendering natural phenomena as clouds or smoke assume a rather homogenous phase function. For rendering volumetric scans on the other hand different phase models are required to account for both surface-like structures fuzzy boundaries in the data. Using volume rendering techniques,who create medical visualization for science magazines may now work on tomographic scans directly, without the necessity to fall back to creating polygonal models of anatomical structures.

关键词： Volume rendering

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Taxonomy and Implementation of Redirection Techniques for Ubiquitous Passive Haptic Feedback

Taxonomy and Implementation of Redirection Techniques for Ub...

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International Conference on Cyberworlds

作者： Frank Steinicke Gerd Bruder Luv Kohli Jason Jerald Klaus Hinrichs Visualization and Computer Graphics (VisCG) Research Group Department of Computer Science Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Germany Effective Virtual Environments (EVE) Group Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill USA

Traveling through immersive virtual environments (IVEs) by means of real walking is an important activity to increase naturalness of VR-based interaction. However, the size of the virtual world often exceeds the size of the tracked space so that a straightforward implementation of omni-directional and unlimited walking is not possible. Redirected walking is one concept to solve this problem of walking in IVEs by inconspicuously guiding the user on a physical path that may differ from the path the user visually perceives. When the user approaches a virtual object she can be redirected to a real proxy object that is registered to the virtual counterpart and provides passive haptic feedback. In such passive haptic environments, any number of virtual objects can be mapped to proxy objects having similar haptic properties, e.g., size, shape and texture. The user can sense a virtual object by touching its real world counterpart. Redirecting a user to a registered proxy object makes it necessary to predict the user's intended position in the IVE. Based on this target position we determine a path through the physical space such that the user is guided to the registered proxy object. We present a taxonomy of possible redirection techniques that enable user guidance such that inconsistencies between visual and proprioceptive stimuli are imperceptible. We describe how a user's target in the virtual world can be predicted reliably and how a corresponding real-world path to the registered proxy object can be derived.

关键词： Taxonomy Haptic interfaces Feedback Legged locomotion Virtual environment Space exploration computer science Navigation Large-scale systems graphics

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