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Dominant immune cells in pregnancy and pregnancy complications: T helper cells (TH1/TH2, TH17/Treg cells), NK cells, MDSCs, and the immune checkpoints

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Cell Biology International 2022年第3期47卷

作者： Mojgan Esparvarinha Sahar Madadi Lida Aslanian-Kalkhoran Hamid Nickho Sanam Dolati Helen Pia Shahla Danaii Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Contribution: Formal analysis Funding acquisition Investigation Methodology Writing - original draft Writing - review & editing Women's Reproductive Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Contribution: Formal analysis Resources Contribution: Formal analysis Writing - original draft Writing - review & editing Department of Immunology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Immunology Research Center Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Contribution: Methodology Visualization Writing - original draft Writing - review & editing Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Contribution: Investigation Validation Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Contribution: Funding acquisition Software Validation Gynecology Department Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Centre Eastern Azerbaijan branch of ACECR Tabriz Iran Contribution: Data curation Methodology

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Hydrophobicity Directed Chiral Self-Assembly and Aggregation-Induced Emission: Diacetylene-Cored Pseudopeptide Chiral Dopants

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第42期134卷

作者： Govind P. Maurya Deepak Verma Aloka Sinha Luc Brunsveld V. Haridas Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi- 110016 India Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Investigation (lead) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi- 110016 India Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Resources (supporting) Department of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Validation (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (equal) Funding acquisition (lead) Investigation (supporting) Methodology (equal) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Software (equal) Supervision (lead) Validation (equal) Visualization (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead)

Here we delineate simple and tunable hydrophobically driven chiral functional assemblies of diacetylene cored pseudopeptides. These amino acid appended, rigid core dialkynes constitute promising chiral supramolecular building blocks for materials properties engineering. The chiral appended amino acid elements allow for simple tuning of solubility and interaction properties as well as governing chirality, while the central dialkyne core can impart hydrophobically driven assembly and Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) properties. The self-assembly of these rod-like dialkynes can be regulated by tuning the solvent environment, with for example self-assembly into vesicles in acetonitrile and into helical organization with AIE in a H 2 O/DMSO mixture. Of additional high interest, these supramolecular materials, themselves devoid of liquid crystal (LC) properties, can induce chirality into non-chiral LC matrices with high helical twisting power.

关键词： Aggregation-Induced Emission Liquid Crystal Pseudopeptides Self-Assembly Supramolecular Helix

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Upgrading Kolbe Electrolysis—Highly Efficient Production of Green Fuels and Solvents by Coupling Biosynthesis and Electrosynthesis

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第50期134卷

作者： Niklas Teetz Prof. Dr. Dirk Holtmann Prof. Dr. Falk Harnisch Dr. Markus Stöckl Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen Wiesenstrasse 14 35390 Giessen Germany Sustainable Electrochemistry Department of Chemical Technology DECHEMA Research Institute Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25 60486 Frankfurt am Main Germany Contribution: Data curation (equal) Investigation (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (lead) Methodology (supporting) Project administration (lead) Supervision (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Department of Environmental Microbiology UFZ – Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany Contribution: Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Supervision (supporting) Validation (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (supporting) Methodology (lead) Project administration (supporting) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Visualization (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal)

The chemical industry is transitioning to more sustainable and biobased processes. One key element of this transition is coupling energy fluxes and feedstock utilization for optimizing processes, routes and efficiencies. Here, we show for the first time the coupling of the Kolbe electrolysis at the anode with a subsequent microbial conversion of the cathodically produced co-product hydrogen. Kolbe electrolysis of valeric acid yields the liquid drop-in fuel additive n -octane. Subsequently, the solvent isopropanol is produced by resting Cupriavidus necator cells using gaseous electrolysis products (esp. CO 2 and H 2 ). The resting microbial cells show carbon efficiencies of up to 41 % and Coulombic/Faradaic efficiencies of 60 % and 80 % for anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively. The implementation of a paired electrolyser resulted in superior process performances with overall efficiencies of up to 64.4 %.

关键词： Biosynthesis Cupriavidus necator Electrobiorefinery Kolbe Electrolysis Process Coupling

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Pyrrolidone ligand improved Cu-based catalysts with high performance for acetylene hydrochlorination

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Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2020年第1期35卷

作者： You Han Yulian Wang Yan Wang Yubing Hu Yao Nian Wei Li Jinli Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Contribution: Conceptualization Formal analysis Funding acquisition Project administration Supervision Contribution: Conceptualization Data curation Investigation Methodology Contribution: Investigation Contribution: Validation Contribution: Visualization Contribution: Resources School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China Contribution: Resources Supervision

A series of Cu-pyrrolidone/spherical activated carbon (SAC) catalysts were prepared via a simple incipient wetness impregnation method and then assessed in acetylene hydrochlorination, and the catalytic evaluation result indicated that the 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) ligand was found to be the most effective one to significantly improve the activity and stability of Cu catalyst. The catalyst with the optimal molar ratio of NMP/Cu = 0.25 showed 94.2% acetylene conversion at 180°C and an acetylene gas hourly space velocity of 180 h −1 . Moreover, the acetylene conversion of Cu-0.25NMP/SAC remained stable over 99.1% for about 220 h under the industrial condition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses proved that NMP ligand improved the dispersion of Cu species. In addition, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) indicated that the additive of NMP was preferential to stabilize the catalytic active Cu + and Cu 2+ species and inhibit the reduction of Cu α+ to Cu 0 during the preparation process and reaction, hence restraining the coke deposition. Furthermore, the steady coordination structure between Cu and NMP was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and Raman combining with density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which could effectively lower the adsorption energy of catalyst for C 2 H 2 and inhibit the serious carbon deposition caused by excessive acetylene self-accumulation. Our findings suggest that the efficient, well-stabilized cost-effective, and environmentally friendly Cu catalyst has great potential in acetylene hydrochlorination.

关键词： acetylene hydrochlorination catalytic activity coordination Cu-based catalyst pyrrolidone ligand

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Monitoring system of agricultural performance based on multisensor data and cross-validation technique in merging temporal images

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Agronomy Journal 2022年第1期115卷

作者： N. P. G. Bhavani Prameeladevi Chillakuru Ramana Lakshmi Adusumilli Roobaea Alroobaea Saeed Rubaiee Abdulkader S. Hanbazazah Suman Mann Saveetha School of Engineering Chennai Tamil Nadu 602105 India Contribution: Data curation Formal analysis Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu 602105 India Contribution: Investigation Methodology Dep. of Computer Science and Engineering Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Kanuru Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh 520007 India Contribution: Resources Software Dep. of Computer Science College of Computers and Information Technology Taif Univ. P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Contribution: Funding acquisition Supervision Dep. of Industrial and Systems Engineering College of Engineering Univ. of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia Contribution: Funding acquisition Visualization Contribution: Funding acquisition Writing - original draft Writing - review & editing Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology New Delhi 110058 India Contribution: Conceptualization Writing - original draft

Several approaches to forecasting agricultural production have been used across the country, but they have focused on information widely detected with technology that was not very successful. Unfortunately, because of many difficulties such as climate variables (50% global fog cover) with limited temporal accuracy, the remotely detected information necessary to predict crop production was often insufficient. As a result of these problems, existing methods of estimating agricultural production are ineffective or out of date. Several efforts have been made to overcome these challenges by combining images with high temporal accuracy but poor geographic detail. On the other hand, it is this kind of situation that is most suitable for extremely large and homogeneous agricultural areas. An innovative theoretical framework has developed that explains this absence of high-quality satellite images. This intelligent method was built around this new theoretical framework, which incorporates its use of something like the energy equation to improve the predictions of multiple cultures. Many producers were contacted and data regarding agricultural production were obtained to validate the results of the smart technology. The excellent reliability of this intelligent method has been shown by a comparative contrast between projected crop yields and actual output in various areas.

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Correlation between Electrolyte Chemistry and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Reversible Ca Metal Anodes

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第50期134卷

作者： Dr. Zhen Hou Rui Zhou Yunduo Yao Zhiwen Min Dr. Ziheng Lu Prof. Ye Zhu Prof. Jean-Marie Tarascon Prof. Biao Zhang Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Methodology (equal) Validation (equal) Visualization (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China Contribution: Software (supporting) Microsoft Research AI4Science Beijing 100080 China Contribution: Software (lead) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Chimie du Solide-Energie UMR 8260 Collège de France Paris France Contribution: Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (lead) Methodology (equal) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal)

The development of rechargeable Ca metal batteries (RCMBs) is hindered by the Ca 2+ passivating solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). The cation solvation structure dictated by electrolyte chemistry plays a critical role in the SEIs properties. While a relatively weak cation-solvent binding is preferred in Li metal anodes to promote anion-derived SEIs, we demonstrate an enhanced Ca deposition/stripping reversibility under a strong cation-solvent interaction, which is materialized in strongly-solvating solvent and highly-dissociated salt combinations. Such electrolyte formulations benefit the formation of solvent-occupied solvation structure and minimize the anion reduction, resulting in organic-rich/CaF 2 -poor SEIs for reversible Ca metal anodes. Furthermore, RCMBs paired with an organic cathode using the optimized electrolytes are demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. Our work reveals the paradigm shift in SEIs design for Ca metal anodes, opening up new opportunities for emerging RCMBs.

关键词： Ca Deposition/Stripping Electrolyte Formulation Solid Electrolyte Interphase Solvation Structure

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Trends in incidence and mortality of acute kidney disease following coronary angiography in Chinese population: 2008–2017

Medicine Advances

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Medicine Advances 2023年第2期1卷

作者： Qiang Li Haozhang Huang Weihua Chen Shanshan Shi Xiaozhao Lu Wenguang Lai Guoxiao Liang Jielan Wu Jiyan Chen Jin Liu Shiqun Chen Amanda Y. Wang Yong Liu Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (equal) Investigation (equal) Software (equal) Visualization (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (equal) Investigation (equal) Methodology (equal) Software (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Department of Cardiology Longyan First Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University Longyan China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (equal) Investigation (equal) Methodology (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (equal) Investigation (equal) Methodology (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Contribution: Data curation (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Contribution: Data curation (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Methodology (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Methodology (equal) Project administration (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Yong Liu and Shiqun Chen Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute

Background Acute kidney disease (AKD) has received increasing attention owing to its poor prognosis. However, few studies have investigated the trends in AKD incidence and prognosis among patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). Therefore, this study was designed to explore trends in the incidence and mortality of AKD following CAG in China. Methods We enrolled patients undergoing CAG using data of the Cardiorenal Improvement (CIN) cohort registry of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the incidence of AKD from 2008 to 2017. Mortality rates are presented as deaths per 1000 person-years and were evaluated in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results A total of 9665 patients (mean age: 61.6 ± 9.6 years, 40% women) were enrolled in the final analysis. From 2008 to 2017, the overall incidence and mortality of AKD were 19% and 323.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The incidence of AKD decreased from 25% to 13% during 2008–2017 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–0.51; p < 0.01; p for trend <0.01). However, the mortality of AKD increased significantly from 138.2 to 544.1 per 1000 person-years (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.20–6.73; p = 0.02, p for trend = 0.02). The above trends were observed consistently in patients stratified by sex and age. Conclusions Our findings suggest a significant decrease in incidence and an increase in mortality of AKD following CAG from 2008 to 2017 in China. We advocate for more proactive measures to prevent AKD and improve the prognosis of patients with AKD.

关键词： acute kidney disease coronary angiography mortality trend

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非洲猪瘟病毒D129L蛋白拮抗cGAS-STING信号通路及其作用机制

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中国预防兽医学报 2023年第6期45卷 662-662页

作者： ZHANG KE-HUI GE HAI-LIANG ZHOU PING-PING State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin ChinaAuthor Contributions: Data curation Formal analysis Investigation Methodology Software Visualization Writing – original draft and Writing – review and editing. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin ChinaAuthor Contributions: Methodology Resources Software Formal analysis and Investigation. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin ChinaHarbin Medical University Harbin ChinaAuthor Contributions: Supervision Validation Visualization Writing – review and editing and Investigation. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin ChinaAuthor Contributions: Methodology Supervision Validation and Software. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin ChinaAuthor Contributions: Methodology Resources and Supervision. State Key Laboratory for Animal Dise

非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染引起猪的一种发热性和广泛出血性的高度接触传染性疾病,是养猪业的“头号杀手”。ASF作为严重危害全球养猪业健康发展的动物疫病,亟需研发安全有效的抗病毒策略,这有赖于对ASFV感染和致病机制... 详细信息

非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染引起猪的一种发热性和广泛出血性的高度接触传染性疾病,是养猪业的“头号杀手”。ASF作为严重危害全球养猪业健康发展的动物疫病,亟需研发安全有效的抗病毒策略,这有赖于对ASFV感染和致病机制的深入研究。作为核质大DNA病毒,ASFV利用自身编码的多种蛋白拮抗环状GMP-AMP合酶-干扰素基因刺激因子(cGAS-STING)介导的Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN)信号通路,当前的研究主要集中于病毒蛋白在细胞浆内拮抗该通路的信号转导,然而,在细胞核内ASFV如何拮抗IFN-Ⅰ应答的分子机制尚不明确。

关键词：非洲猪瘟病毒高度接触传染养猪业病毒蛋白动物疫病 DNA病毒信号通路细胞浆

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Extending the π-Conjugated System in Spiro-Type Hole Transport Material Enhances the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Modules

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第29期135卷

作者： Xuepeng Liu Bin Ding Mingyuan Han Zhenhai Yang Jianlin Chen Pengju Shi Xiangying Xue Rahim Ghadari Xianfu Zhang Rui Wang Keith Brooks Li Tao Sachin Kinge Songyuan Dai Jiang Sheng Paul J. Dyson Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin Yong Ding Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells School of New Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China Contribution: Investigation (lead) Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland Contribution: Methodology (lead) Contribution: Methodology (equal) Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Contribution: Validation (equal) School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China Contribution: Formal analysis (equal) Contribution: Investigation (equal) Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Organic and Biochemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz *** Iran Contribution: Software (lead) Contribution: Visualization (equal) School of Microelectronic & Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China Toyota Motor Europe Toyota Motor Technical Centre Advanced Technology Div. Hoge Wei 33 1930 Zaventum Belgium Contribution: Resources (equal) Contribution: Supervision (equal) Contribution: Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (lead)

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The small molecular 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl)-amine-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD, termed “Spiro”) is the most successful HTM used in PSCs, but its versatility is imperfect. To improve its performance, we developed a novel spiro-type HTM (termed “DP”) by substituting four anisole units on Spiro with 4-methoxybiphenyl moieties. By extending the π-conjugation of Spiro in this way, the HOMO level of the HTM matches well with the perovskite valence band, enhancing hole mobility and increasing the glass transition temperature. DP-based PSC achieves high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.24 % for small-area (0.06 cm 2 ) devices and 21.86 % for modules (designated area of 27.56 cm 2 ), along with the certified efficiency of 21.78 % on a designated area of 27.86 cm 2 . The encapsulated DP-based devices maintain 95.1 % of the initial performance under ISOS-L-1 conditions after 2560 hours and 87 % at the ISOS-L-3 conditions over 600 hours.

关键词： Hole Transport Materials Modules Perovskite Solar Cells π-Conjugated System Stability

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Chasing the Elusive “In-Between” State of the Copper-AmyloidβComplex by X-ray Absorption through Partial Thermal Relaxation after Photoreduction

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第25期135卷

作者： Enrico Falcone Germano Nobili Michael Okafor Olivier Proux Giancarlo Rossi Silvia Morante Peter Faller Francesco Stellato Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177) University of Strasbourg CNRS 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg France Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Investigation (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Università di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Contribution: Investigation (equal) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble UMS 832 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes 38041 Grenoble France Contribution: Investigation (equal) Visualization (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Centro Fermi Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi Via Panisperna 89a 00184 Roma Italy Contribution: Supervision (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris France Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Funding acquisition (lead) Methodology (equal) Supervision (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (equal) Writing - original draft (lead)

The redox activity of Cu ions bound to the amyloid- β (A β ) peptide is implicated as a source of oxidative stress in the context of Alzheimer's disease. In order to explain the efficient redox cycling between Cu II -A β (distorted square-pyramidal) and Cu I -A β (digonal) resting states, the existence of a low-populated “in-between” state, prone to bind Cu in both oxidation states, has been postulated. Here, we exploited the partial X-ray induced photoreduction at 10 K, followed by a thermal relaxation at 200 K, to trap and characterize by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) a partially reduced Cu-A β 1–16 species different from the resting states. Remarkably, the XAS spectrum is well-fitted by a previously proposed model of the “in-between” state, hence providing the first direct spectroscopic characterization of an intermediate state. The present approach could be used to explore and identify the catalytic intermediates of other relevant metal complexes.

关键词： Amyloid β Copper Oxidation State EXAFS X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in-Between State

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