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Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing systems

作者： Ekta Sood Simon Tannert Philipp Müller Andreas Bulling University of Stuttgart Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems (VIS) Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Natural Language Processing (IMS) Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781713829546

A lack of corpora has so far limited advances in integrating human gaze data as a supervisory signal in neural attention mechanisms for natural language processing (NLP). We propose a novel hybrid text saliency model (TSM) that, for the first time, combines a cognitive model of reading with explicit human gaze supervision in a single machine learning framework. On four different corpora we demonstrate that our hybrid TSM duration predictions are highly correlated with human gaze ground truth. We further propose a novel joint modeling approach to integrate TSM predictions into the attention layer of a network designed for a specific upstream NLP task without the need for any task-specific human gaze data. We demonstrate that our joint model outperforms the state of the art in paraphrase generation on the Quora Question Pairs corpus by more than 10% in BLEU-4 and achieves state of the art performance for sentence compression on the challenging Google Sentence Compression corpus. As such, our work introduces a practical approach for bridging between data-driven and cognitive models and demonstrates a new way to integrate human gaze-guided neural attention into NLP tasks.

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Well-being in Isolation: Exploring Artistic Immersive Virtual Environments in a Simulated Lunar Habitat to Alleviate Asthenia Symptoms

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pochwatko, Grzegorz Kopec, Wieslaw Swidrak, Justyna Jaskulska, Anna Skorupska, Kinga H. Karpowicz, Barbara Maslyk, Rafal Grzeszczuk, Maciej Barnes, Steven Borkiewicz, Paulina Kobylinski, Pawel Pabiś-Orzeszyna, Michal Balas, Robert Lazarek, Jagoda Dufresne, Florian Bensch, Leonie Nilsson, Tommy Institute of Psychology Polish Academy of Sciences Poland Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology Poland Institute of Psychology - PAS Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona Spain IDIBAPS Kobo Association Emotion Cognition Lab SWPS University Poland Visual Narratives Laboratory Lodz Film School Poland National Information Processing Institute Institute of Contemporary Culture University of Lodz Poland Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology Software for Space Systems and Interactive Visualization German Aerospace Center Germany

Revived interest in lunar and planetary exploration is heralding a new era for human spaceflight, characterized by frequent strain on astronaut's mental well-being, which stems from increased exposure to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) conditions. Whilst Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) has been employed to facilitate self-help interventions to mitigate challenges caused by isolated environments in several domains, its applicability in support of future space expeditions remains largely unexplored. To address this limitation, we administered the use of distinct IVR environments to crew members (n=5) partaking in a simulated lunar habitat study. Utilizing a Bayesian approach to scrutinize small group data, we discovered a significant relationship between IVR usage and a reduction in perceived stress-related symptoms, particularly those associated with asthenia (syndrome often linked to chronic fatigue and weakness;a condition characterized by feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion that can be amplified in ICE conditions). The reductions were most prominent with the use of interactive virtual environments. The'Aesthetic Realities' - virtual environments conceived as art exhibits - received exceptional praise from our participants. These environments mark a fascinating convergence of art and science, holding promise to mitigate effects related to isolation in spaceflight training and *** Codes 93B51, 97M50 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ecosystems

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Well-being in Isolation: Exploring Artistic Immersive Virtual Environments in a Simulated Lunar Habitat to Alleviate Asthenia Symptoms

Well-being in Isolation: Exploring Artistic Immersive Virtua...

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International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

作者： Grzegorz Pochwatko Wieslaw Kopec Justyna Swidrak Anna Jaskulska Kinga H. Skorupska Barbara Karpowicz Rafał Masłyk Maciej Grzeszczuk Steven Barnes Paulina Borkiewicz Paweł Kobyliński Michał Pabiś-Orzeszyna Robert Balas Jagoda Lazarek Florian Dufresne Leonie Bensch Tommy Nilsson Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Psychology Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - IDIBAPS Institute of Psychology - PAS Kobo Association Emotion Cognition Lab SWPS University Visual Narratives Laboratory Lodz Film School National Information Processing Institute Institute of Contemporary Culture University of Lodz Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology Software for Space Systems and Interactive Visualization German Aerospace Center European Space Agency (ESA)

Revived interest in lunar and planetary exploration is heralding a new era for human spaceflight, characterized by frequent strain on astronaut’s mental well-being, which stems from increased exposure to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) conditions. Whilst Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) has been employed to facilitate self-help interventions to mitigate challenges caused by isolated environments in several domains, its applicability in support of future space expeditions remains largely unexplored. To address this limitation, we administered the use of distinct IVR environments to crew members $(n=5)$ partaking in a simulated lunar habitat study. Utilizing a Bayesian approach to scrutinize small group data, we discovered a significant relationship between IVR usage and a reduction in perceived stress-related symptoms, particularly those associated with asthenia (syndrome often linked to chronic fatigue and weakness; a condition characterized by feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion that can be amplified in ICE conditions). The reductions were most prominent with the use of interactive virtual environments. The ’Aesthetic Realities’ - virtual environments conceived as art exhibits - received exceptional praise from our participants. These environments mark a fascinating convergence of art and science, holding promise to mitigate effects related to isolation in spaceflight training and beyond

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Pattern-Based Semantic and Temporal Exploration of Social Media Messages

Pattern-Based Semantic and Temporal Exploration of Social Me...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)

作者： Johannes Knittel Steffen Koch Thomas Ertl Institute of Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart

Social media is a valuable source for emergency workers and first-responders due to its wide use. Unfortunately, the number of posts poses a challenge to quickly find relevant and trustworthy information. We propose a text pattern-based approach to gain insights from large micro-document collections, including temporal and semantic relationships. In this work, we apply our method to the fictional data set of the VAST 2019 Mini-Challenge 3 that deals with the aftermath of an earthquake. We present major findings we could deduct using our visual analytics approach.

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LabelTransfer-Integrating Static and Dynamic Label Representation for Focus+Context Text Exploration

LabelTransfer-Integrating Static and Dynamic Label Represent...

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2018 International Symposium on Big Data Visual and Immersive Analytics, BDVA 2018

作者： Han, Qi John, Markus Koch, Steffen Assenov, Ivan Ertl, Thomas Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538691946

In recent years, interactive visualization to analyze text documents has gained an impressive momentum. This is not surprising considering the fast increase of electronically available textual documents of various kinds. These include, for example, patents, scholarly documents, social media messages, and many other sources that contain valuable knowledge and insights for many stakeholders. interactive text visualization turned out to be an important means for exploring and gaining insights into complex and often large document collections. An established visualization strategy to represent such collections is using projection-based techniques that visualize documents as glyphs in a 2D view aiming to reflect the semantic similarity of documents by the proximity of their placement. Static labels have been suggested to characterize the overall topics contained in the projected data to improve the effectiveness of such visualization techniques. Other approaches employ magic lenses that enable users to explore the 2D spatialization freely on various granularity levels. In this work, we propose a visual exploration approach that combines cluster-based labeling of projected documents with an interaction concept for magic lens techniques. We offer a set of novel interactive features to support a smooth transition between static labels and the magic lens approach while exploiting the different levels of visual abstraction of both techniques without introducing additional clutter through overdraw. Finally, we provide insights gained from a preliminary user study and present the benefits of our approach. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： visualization

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Integrative computational design and construction: Rethinking architecture digitally

Civil Engineering Design

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Civil Engineering Design 2021年第4期3卷 123-135页

作者： Knippers, Jan Kropp, Cordula Menges, Achim Sawodny, Oliver Weiskopf, Daniel Institute for Building Construction and Structural Design University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Social Sciences–Chair of Sociology of Technology Risk and Environment University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Computational Design and Construction University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for System Dynamics University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

Increasing the construction capacity, while at the same time significantly reducing harmful emissions and consumption of nonrenewable resources, and still providing a liveable and affordable built environment, provides a great challenge for future construction. In order to achieve this, both the productivity of construction processes and the energy and resource efficiency of construction systems have to be improved in a reciprocal process. Digital technologies make it possible to address these challenges in novel ways. The vision of this Cluster of Excellence IntCDC at the University of Stuttgart and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent systems is to harness the full potential of digital technologies to rethink design and construction based on integration and interdisciplinarity, with the goal of laying the methodological foundations to profoundly modernize the design and construction process and related building systems by adopting a systematic, holistic and integrative computational approach. One key objective is to develop an overarching methodology of "co-designing" methods, processes and systems based on interdisciplinary research encompassing architecture, structural engineering, building physics, engineering geodesy, manufacturing and systems engineering, computer science and robotics, and humanities and social sciences. In this way, the Cluster aims to address the ecological, economic and social challenges and to provide the prerequisites for a high-quality and sustainable built environment and a digital building culture. © 2021 The Authors. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Technical report on visual quality assessment for frame interpolation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Men, Hui Lin, Hanhe Hosu, Vlad Maurer, Daniel Bruhn, Andrés Saupe, Dietmar Department of Computer and Information Science University of Konstanz Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

—Current benchmarks for optical flow algorithms evaluate the estimation quality by comparing their predicted flow field with the ground truth, and additionally may compare interpolated frames, based on these predictions, with the correct frames from the actual image sequences. For the latter comparisons, objective measures such as mean square errors are applied. However, for applications like image interpolation, the expected user’s quality of experience cannot be fully deduced from such simple quality measures. Therefore, we conducted a subjective quality assessment study by crowdsourcing for the interpolated images provided in one of the optical flow benchmarks, the Middlebury benchmark. We used paired comparisons with forced choice and reconstructed absolute quality scale values according to Thurstone’s model using the classical least squares method. The results give rise to a re-ranking of 141 participating algorithms w.r.t. visual quality of interpolated frames mostly based on optical flow estimation. Our re-ranking result shows the necessity of visual quality assessment as another evaluation metric for optical flow and frame interpolation benchmarks. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical flows

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Building cognition-aware systems: A mobile toolkit for extracting time-of-day fluctuations of cognitive performance

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Proceedings of the ACM on interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2017年第3期1卷 1–15页

作者： Dingler, Tilman Schmidt, Albrecht Machulla, Tonja Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

People's alertness fluctuates across the day: at some times we are highly focused while at others we feel unable to concentrate. So far, extracting fluctuation patterns has been time and cost-intensive. Using an in-the-wild approach with 12 participants, we evaluated three cognitive tasks regarding their adequacy as a mobile and economical assessment tool of diurnal changes in mental performance. Participants completed the five-minute test battery on their smartphones multiple times a day for a period of 1-2 weeks. Our results show that people's circadian rhythm can be obtained under unregulated non-laboratory conditions. Along with this validation study, we release our test battery as an open source library for future work towards cognition-aware systems as well as a tool for psychological and medical research. We discuss ways of integrating the toolkit and possibilities for implicitly measuring performance variations in common applications. The ability to detect systematic patterns in alertness levels will allow cognition-aware systems to provide in-situ assistance in accordance with users' current cognitive capabilities and limitations. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Cognitive systems

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Text analysis using large high-resolution displays 19

Text analysis using large high-resolution displays

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2019 Conference on Mensch und Computer, MuC 2019

作者： Mayer, Sven Lischke, Lars Schwind, Valentin Gärtner, Markus Hämmerle, Eric Turcan, Emine Rheinwald, Florin Murawski, Gustav Kuhn, Jonas Henze, Niels Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Natural Language Processing University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371988

Large high-resolution displays (LHRDs) are entering into our daily life. Today, we already see them in installations where they display tailored applications, e.g. in exhibitions. However, while heavily studied under lab conditions, real-world applications for personal use, which utilize the extended screen space are rarely available. Thus, today’s studies of LHRD are particularly designed to embrace the large screen space. In contrast, in this paper, we investigate a real-world application designed for researchers working on large text corpora to support them in deep text understanding. We conducted a study with 14 experts from the humanities and computational linguistics which solved a text analysis task using a standard desktop version on a 24 inch screen and an LHRD version on three 50 inch screens. Surprisingly, the smaller display condition outperformed the LHRD in terms of task completion time and error rate. While participants appreciated the overview provided by the large screen, qualitative feedback also revealed that the need for head movement and the scrolling mechanism decreased the usability of the LHRD condition. © 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Large high-resolution displays

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Proflow: Learning to predict optical flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Maurer, Daniel Bruhn, Andrés Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

Temporal coherence is a valuable source of information in the context of optical flow estimation. However, finding a suitable motion model to leverage this information is a non-trivial task. In this paper we propose an unsupervised online learning approach based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates such a motion model individually for each frame. By relating forward and backward motion these learned models not only allow to infer valuable motion information based on the backward flow, they also help to improve the performance at occlusions, where a reliable prediction is particularly useful. Moreover, our learned models are spatially variant and hence allow to estimate non-rigid motion per construction. This, in turns, allows to overcome the major limitation of recent rigidity-based approaches that seek to improve the estimation by incorporating additional stereo/SfM constraints. Experiments demonstrate the usefulness of our new approach. They not only show a consistent improvement of up to 27% for all major benchmarks (KITTI 2012, KITTI 2015, MPI Sintel) compared to a baseline without prediction, they also show top results for the MPI Sintel benchmark – the one of the three benchmarks that contains the largest amount of non-rigid motion. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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