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Injury and obesity differentially and synergistically induce dysregulation of synovial immune cells in osteoarthritis

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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2025年第6期84卷 1033-1044页

作者： Harasymowicz, Natalia S. Harissa, Zainab Rashidi, Neda Lenz, Kristin Tang, Ruhang Guilak, Farshid Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University St. Louis MO United States Shriners Hospitals for Children St. Louis MO United States Center of Regenerative Medicine Washington University St. Louis MO United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Operations University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Molecular Medicine Program University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in Saint Louis St. Louis MO United States Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Washington University St. Louis MO United States

Objectives: The heterogeneity and phenotype of immune cells orchestrate many physiologic and pathologic processes. Recent evidence suggests that immune cells play critical roles in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesised that injury and obesity, two major risk factors for OA, affect the immunophenotype of the synovium, the primary reservoir of immune cells in the joint. Methods: Using single-cell transcriptomics, immunoprofiling, transgenic mouse models, and genetic fate mapping methods, we characterised the presence and fate of multiple populations of immune cells found in the knee joint capsule. Results: We found that joint injury and obesity differentially and synergistically alter the architectural, cellular, and molecular profiles of the synovial capsule. We observed fewer patrolling monocytes in obese animals and found a significantly higher influx of proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages in the first 3 days after joint injury in obese compared with that in control animals. We also showed a significant loss of barrier-forming synovial lining macrophages 3 days after destabilisation of medial meniscus surgery, with a significant restoration of their numbers in normal weight but not in obese mice in advanced stages of OA. Finally, we characterised the presence and changes of other immune cell subtypes, including T, B, and mast cells and neutrophils, as well as local synovial fluid cytokines associated with injury and obesity. Conclusions: Our data revealed that injury and obesity independently and synergistically contribute to the dysregulation of the synovial immune landscape, providing new insight into their role in the pathogenesis of OA. © 2025 The Authors

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Entropic Pressure on Fluctuating Solid Membranes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hassan, Rubayet Garzon, Maria Alejandra Gao, Wei Ahmadpoor, Fatemeh Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07114 United States J. Mike Walker ′66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Biological and crystalline membranes exhibit noticeable fluctuations at room temperature due to their low bending stiffness. These fluctuations have a significant impact on their overall mechanical behavior and interactions with external objects. When two membranes come into close proximity, they mutually suppress each other's fluctuations, leading to a repulsive force that plays a pivotal role in mechanical behavior of these membranes. From the mechanics point of view, crystalline membranes are modeled as solid membranes with inherent shear resistance, whereas biological membranes are commonly described as fluidic entities without shear resistance. Under this premise, the entropic force between two fluctuating biological membranes is proposed to scale as $p\propto 1/d^3$, where $d$ is the intermembrane distance. Yet, there are numerous instances where these membranes display shear resistance and behave akin to solid membranes. In this paper, we develop a statistical mechanics model within nonlinear elasticity to study the entropic force acting on a confined, fluctuating solid membrane. We demonstrate that, due to the nonlinear elasticity of solid membranes, the entropic force scales differently compared to that of fluid membranes. Our predictions align well with the results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations involving graphene, a representative of a solid membrane, confined between two rigid walls. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cytology

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Needle-induced-fracking in soft solids with crack blunting

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EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2022年 52卷

作者： Song, Zhaoqiang Cai, Shengqiang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracture, has been intensively studied in hard and brittle materials such as shale rocks and ice. In contrast, little is known about fracking in soft solids, especially with significant crack blunting. Recently, it has been found that during the needle-induced-cavitation experiments on soft gels or elastomers, the materials can be ruptured by pressurized fluid. Due to the large elastofracture length, a short crack in a soft solid during the fracking often shows severely blunted tips, and therefore, the crack extension and large deformation in the material become nearly indistinguishable in the experiments. In this letter, we propose to adopt a simple model, considering both large deformation and crack blunting, to predict the change of the hydraulic pressure during the needle-induced-fracking in soft solids. We found that the theoretical predictions agree very well with experimental data reported in the literature. The studies presented in this letter may provide new insights into the understanding of the fracking in soft tissues and cells, and lead to a facile way to measure fracture energy of soft materials, which can be very challenging for conventional testing methods. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydraulic fracture Soft solid Needle-induced fracking Fracture toughness Cavitation-to-fracture

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Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-MetalBased All-Solid-State Batteries

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021年第4期6卷 1399-1404页

作者： Albertus, Paul Anandan, Venkataramani Ban, Chunmei Balsara, Nitash Belharouak, Ilias Buettner-Garrett, Josh Chen, Zonghai Daniel, Claus Doeff, Marca Dudney, Nancy J. Dunn, Bruce Harris, Stephen J. Herle, Subramanya Herbert, Eric Kalnaus, Sergiy Libera, Joesph A. Lu, Dongping Martin, Steve McCloskey, Bryan D. McDowell, Matthew T. Meng, Y. Shirley Nanda, Jagjit Sakamoto, Jeff Self, Ethan C. Tepavcevic, Sanja Wachsman, Eric Wang, Chunsheng Westover, Andrew S. Xiao, Jie Yersak, Thomas Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 United States Ford Motor Company Dearborn Michigan 48121 United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Materials Sciences Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 United States Solid Power Inc. Louisville Colorado 80027 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States Applied Materials Inc. 3225 Oakmead Village Drive B12_2F6 Santa Clara California 95054 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 United States Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Iowa State University of Science & Technology Ames Iowa 50011 United States Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 United States Department of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 United States Chemical and Materials Systems Laborat

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Physics-Informed Gaussian Process Classification for Constraint-Aware Alloy Design

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hardcastle, Christofer O’Mullan, Ryan Arróyave, Raymundo Vela, Brent Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States J. Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Wm Michael Barnes’64 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Alloy design can be framed as a constraint-satisfaction problem. Building on previous methodologies, we propose equipping Gaussian Process Classifiers (GPCs) with physics-informed prior mean functions to model the boundaries of feasible design spaces. Through three case studies, we highlight the utility of informative priors for handling constraints on continuous and categorical properties. (1) Phase Stability: By incorporating CALPHAD predictions as priors for solid-solution phase stability, we enhance model validation using a publicly available XRD dataset. (2) Phase Stability Prediction Refinement: We demonstrate an in silico active learning approach to efficiently correct phase diagrams. (3) Continuous Property Thresholds: By embedding priors into continuous property models, we accelerate the discovery of alloys meeting specific property thresholds via active learning. In each case, integrating physics-based insights into the classification framework substantially improved model performance, demonstrating an efficient strategy for constraint-aware alloy design. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constraint satisfaction problems

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On-Chip Unidirectional Waveguiding for Surface Acoustic Waves along a Defect Line in a Triangular Lattice

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第2期19卷 024053-024053页

作者： Yun Zhou Naiqing Zhang Dia’aaldin J. Bisharat Robert J. Davis Zichen Zhang James Friend Prabhakar R. Bandaru Daniel F. Sievenpiper Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 California USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 California USA Program in Materials Science University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 California USA

The latest advances in topological physics have yielded a toolset for highly robust wave-propagation modalities for overcoming obstacles involving beam steering and lateral diffraction in surface acoustic waves (SAWs). However, extant proposals are limited to the exploitation of spin- or valley-polarized phases and rely on nonzero Berry curvature effects. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly robust guiding principle, which instead employs an intrinsic chirality of phase vortices and maintains a zero Berry curvature for SAWs. Based on a line defect within a true triangular phononic lattice, the guided SAW mode spans a wide bandwidth [(Δω/ωcenter) ∼ 10%] and is well confined in the lateral direction with 3-dB attenuation within half of a unit cell. SAW routing around sharp bends with negligible backscatter is demonstrated. The on-chip integrated design permits unidirectional SAW modes that can enable considerable miniaturization of SAW-based devices, with applications ranging from radio-frequency devices to quantum information transduction.

关键词： Line defects Ultrasonics Acoustic metamaterials Phononic crystals Topological insulators Triangular lattice Waveguides Surface acoustic wave

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Towards Autonomous Experimentation: Bayesian Optimization over Problem Formulation Space for Accelerated Alloy Development

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Khatamsaz, Danial Wagner, Joseph Vela, Brent Arróyave, Raymundo Allaire, Douglas L. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States J. Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Wm Michael Barnes’64 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Accelerated discovery in materials science demands autonomous systems capable of dynamically formulating and solving design problems. In this work, we introduce a novel framework that leverages Bayesian optimization over a problem formulation space to identify optimal design formulations in line with decision-maker preferences. By mapping various design scenarios to a multi-attribute utility function, our approach enables the system to balance conflicting objectives—such as ductility, yield strength, density, and solidification range—without requiring an exact problem definition at the outset. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method through an in silico case study on a Mo-Nb-Ti-V-W alloy system targeted for gas turbine engine blade applications. The framework converges on a"sweet spot" that satisfies critical performance thresholds, illustrating that integrating problem formulation discovery into the autonomous design loop can significantly streamline the experimental process. Future work will incorporate human feedback to further enhance the adaptability of the system in real-world experimental settings. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Revisiting the Scale Design of Electrical Confinement Interfaces in Water Purification Applications

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Environmental science & technology 2025年第23期59卷 2025 Jun 3页

作者： Min Chen Guihua Yu Jiuhui Qu Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China. Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 P. R. China.

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Wireless,multimodal sensors for continuous measurement of pressure,temperature,and hydration of patients in wheelchair

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 479-493页

作者： Seokjoo Cho Hyeonseok Han Hyunwoo Park Sung-Uk Lee Jae-Hwan Kim Sung Woo Jeon Mengqiu Wang Raudel Avila Zhaoqian Xi Kabseok Ko Minsu Park Jungyup Lee Myungwoo Choi Je-Sang Lee Weon Gi Min Byeong-Ju Lee Soyeong Lee Jungrak Choi Jimin Gu Jaeho Park Min Seong Kim Junseong Ahn Osman Gul Chankyu Han Gihun Lee Seunghwan Kim Kyuyoung Kim Jeonghyun Kim Chang-Mo Kang Jahyun Koo Sung Soo Kwak Sungbong Kim Dong Yun Choi Seokwoo Jeon Hyung Jin Sung Yong Bae Park Minkyu Je Young Tae Cho Yong Suk Oh Inkyu Park Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Advanced 3D Printing Technology Development Division Korea Atomic Energy Research InstituteDaejeon 34057Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023P.R.China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA DUT-BSU Joint Institute Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023China Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016China Department of Electronics Engineering Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Sibel Health Inc NilesIL 60714USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST Institute for The Nanocentury(KINC)Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Gimhae Hansol Rehabilitation&Convalescent HospitalGimhae 50924Republic of Korea Department of planning and development Gimhae Hansol Rehabilitation&Convalescent HospitalGimhae 50924Republic of Korea Department of rehabilitation medicine Pusan national university hospitalBusan 49241Republic of Korea Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897Republic of Korea Korea Photonics Technology Institute Gwangju 61007Republic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Center

Individuals who are unable to walk independently spend most of the day in a *** population is at high risk for developing pressure injuries caused by ***,early diagnosis and prevention of these injuries still remain ***,we introduce battery-free,wireless,multimodal sensors and a movable system for continuous measurement of pressure,temperature,and hydration at skin *** device design includes a crack-activated pressure sensor with nanoscale encapsulations for enhanced sensitivity,a temperature sensor for measuring skin temperature,and a galvanic skin response sensor for measuring skin hydration *** movable system enables power harvesting,and data communication to multiple wireless devices mounted at skin-cushion interfaces of wheelchair users over full body *** evaluations and numerical simulations of the devices,together with clinical trials for wheelchair patients,demonstrate the feasibility and stability of the sensor system for preventing pressure injuries caused by sitting.

关键词： injuries modal mounted

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Multi-Scale Characterization of Supersaturated and Intermetallic Nanoscale Phases in an Al-Mg Alloy Produced by High-Pressure Torsion

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wu, Yun-Hsuan Bhatta, Laxman Lee, Isshu Figueiredo, Roberto B. Kawasaki, Megumi Santala, Melissa K. Materials Science Program Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States School of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte31270-901 Brazil

Nanostructured Al-Mg alloy was produced from disks of Mg sandwiched between Al through 100 turns of high-pressure torsion (HPT) at 6.0 GPa at room temperature, resulting in high microhardness of Hv 300–350 in regions experiencing a nominal shear strain greater than ~3500. While compositional mapping using scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed a uniform distribution of Mg through the disk thickness at 1.5 and 3.0 mm from the disk center, transmission electron microscopy EDS showed a heterogeneous distribution of Mg remained on the nanoscale. Although HPT induces enough mixing to result in face-center-cubic Al with supersaturations of Mg of up to »20 at% near the disk surfaces, β-Al3Mg2, γ-Al12Mg17 and Al2Mg intermetallic phases were identified by electron diffraction throughout the disk thickness in regions experiencing high shear strain. This study captures detailed compositional heterogeneity throughout the sample thickness following intense mechanical alloying, nanoscale re-structuring, and phase transformations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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