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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Yueming Jiang, Ying Lan, Lu Ge, Xiaowei Cheng, Ran Zhan, Yuewei Chen, Guo Shi, Linli Wang, Runyu Zheng, Nan Yang, Chen Cheng, Ji-Xin Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter-level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 µm, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicones

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Initiation of dusting corrosion in high-temperature alloys under CO exposure

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Acta Materialia 2025年 295卷

作者： Patel, Shyam Bharatkumar Wang, Jianyu Li, Chaoran Al-Mahboob, Abdullah Stacchiola, Dario Sadowski, Jerzy T. Zhou, Guangwen Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York BinghamtonNY13902 United States Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States

Carbon monoxide is commonly encountered in energy systems, yet its reactivity with structural alloys—critical heat-resistant components in these systems—has been largely overlooked compared to the well-documented effects of oxidizing gases. In contrast, we demonstrate the high-temperature reaction of CO with NiAl using in-situ low-energy electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy. Our results show that CO dissociates into atomic oxygen and carbon, resulting in two concurrent reactions: selective oxidation of aluminum to form Al2O3 and the initiation of dusting corrosion through carbon dissolution into the alloy and subsequent carbon deposition on the surface. These reactions produce spatially distinct surface products, preventing the formation of a continuous protective Al oxide layer. These results reveal a preference for the dissociative pathway of CO over the classic Boudouard disproportionation reaction that forms CO2. These insights not only advance our understanding of CO-induced alloy degradation but also highlight the practical implications for managing alloy stability and optimizing catalysis in carbon-rich environments, such as those in petrochemical processing and hydrocarbon combustion. © 2025 Acta Materialia Inc.

关键词： Photodissociation

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Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels for Highly Efficient High Salinity Solar Desalination

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第36期134卷

作者： Chuxin Lei Weixin Guan Youhong Guo Wen Shi Yuyang Wang Prof. Keith P. Johnston Prof. Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) is regarded as a promising and sustainable strategy for clean water production. While many materials have demonstrated excellent evaporation rates under one sun, it remains challenging to design solar evaporators without compromising SVG performance in high-salinity brines (≥10 wt %). Herein, polyzwitterionic hydrogels (PZHs) are proposed as a novel platform for high-salinity solar desalination. Taking advantage of the unique anti-polyelectrolyte effects, PZHs can trap salt ions from the brine water to form a more hydrated polymer network, leading to enhanced SVG performance. PZHs exhibit an exceptional solar evaporation rate of 4.14 kg m −2 h −1 in 10 wt % brine, which is ≈20 % higher than that in pure water. It is anticipated that salt-responsive PZHs may provide insights for the design of next-generation solar desalination systems.

关键词： Anti-Polyelectrolyte Effects Hydration Polyzwitterionic Hydrogel Solar Desalination Solar Vapor Generation

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High strength and ductility in a lightweight AlTiNbZrTa refractory high-entropy alloy enabled by nanophase precipitation and solute segregation

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Matter 2025年

作者： Muhammad Abubaker Khan Jamieson Brechtl Li Jingyuan N. Radhika Yong Zhang Peter K. Liaw Wei-Bing Liao Mohamed A. Afifi Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Mechanical Engineering Program School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Giza 12677 Egypt Smart Engineering Systems Research Centre Nile University Giza 12677 Egypt

A lightweight body-centered-cubic (BCC) AlTiNbZrTa refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) was developed, exhibiting an exceptional combination of high tensile strength (∼1,140 MPa) and ductility (∼30.2% elongation) after a tailored thermomechanical treatment (TMT). This TMT process resulted in significant microstructural refinement, including grain-size reduction, a high density of dislocations, and crucially, the formation of homogeneously distributed B2 and Zr 5 Al 3 -type nanophases. These nanophases are a direct consequence of solute segregation to dislocations during cold rolling, followed by precipitation during a subsequent heat treatment. The good mechanical properties of this RHEA are attributed to the combined effects of solid-solution strengthening, grain-boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and precipitation hardening. Interestingly, solute segregation along dislocations is observed after cold rolling, resulting in the formation of B2 and Zr 5 Al 3 -type phases during the post-rolling heat treatment. In summary, this lightweight RHEA demonstrates significant potential for high-performance structural applications.

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Phase Stability of Hexagonal/cubic Boron Nitride Nanocomposites

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Biswas, Abhijit Xu, Rui Christiansen-Salameh, Joyce Jeong, Eugene Alvarez, Gustavo A. Li, Chenxi Puthirath, Anand B. Gao, Bin Garg, Arushi Gray, Tia Kannan, Harikishan Zhang, Xiang Elkins, Jacob Pieshkov, Tymofii S. Vajtai, Robert Glen Birdwell, A. Neupane, Mahesh R. Pate, Bradford B. Ivanov, Tony Garratt, Elias J. Dai, Pengcheng Zhu, Hanyu Tian, Zhiting Ajayan, Pulickel M. Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur208016 India Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory RF Devices and Circuits AdelphiMD20783 United States Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States

Boron nitride (BN) is an exceptional material and among its polymorphs, two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal and three-dimensional (3D) cubic BN (h-BN and c-BN) phases are most common. The phase stability regimes of these BN phases are still under debate and phase transformations of h-BN/c-BN remain a topic of interest. Here, we investigate the phase stability of 2D/3D h-BN/c-BN nanocomposites and show that the co-existence of two phases can lead to strong non-linear optical properties and low thermal conductivity at room temperature. Furthermore, spark-plasma sintering of the nanocomposite shows complete phase transformation to 2D h-BN with improved crystalline quality, where 3D c-BN grain sizes governs the nucleation and growth kinetics. Our demonstration might be insightful in phase engineering of BN polymorphs based nanocomposites with desirable properties for optoelectronics and thermal energy management applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Nanocomposites

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In Situ Alloying Enabled by Active Liquid Metal Filler for Self-Healing Composite Polymer Electrolytes

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第47期136卷

作者： Dr. Kai Wu Dr. Zhengyu Ju Dr. Bowen Zhang Prof. Amy C. Marschilok Prof. Esther S. Takeuchi Prof. Kenneth J. Takeuchi Prof. Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 78712 Austin TX USA Institute of Energy Sustainability Environment and Equity Stony Brook University 11794 Stony Brook NY USA Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University 11794 Stony Brook NY USA Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National Laboratory 11973 Upton NY USA Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University 11794 Stony Brook NY USA

Solid inorganics, known for kinetically inhibiting polymer crystallization and enhancing ionic conductivity, have attracted significant attention in solid polymer electrolytes. However, current composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are still facing challenges in Li metal batteries, falling short of inhibiting severe dendritic growth and resulting in very limited cycling life. This study introduces Ga 62.5 In 21.5 Sn 16 (Galinstan) liquid metal (LM) as an active liquid alternative to conventional passive solid fillers, aiming at realizing self-healing protection against dendrite problems. Compared to solid inorganics, for example silica, LM droplets could more significantly reduce polymer crystallinity and enhance Li-ion conductivity due to their liquid nature, especially at temperatures below the polymer melting point. More importantly, LMs are unraveled as dynamic chemical traps, which are capable of blocking and consuming lithium dendrites upon contact via in situ alloying during battery operation and further inhibiting dendritic growth due to the lower deposition energy barrier of the formed Li-LM alloy. As a proof of concept, by strategically designing an asymmetric CPE with the active LM filling, a solid-state Li/LiFePO 4 battery achieves promising full-cell functionality with notable rate performance and stable cycle life. This active filler-mediated self-healing approach could bring new insights into the battery design in versatile solid-state systems.

关键词： Solid-state battery Composite polymer electrolyte Liquid metal Lithium-metal battery Li dendrite

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The Role of Surfaces, Interfaces and Morphology on Silver Diffusion in Hard Coatings

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cavaleiro, Diogo Munnik, Frans Krause, Matthias Carbo, Enrique Ferreira, Paulo J. Cavaleiro, Albano Fernandes, Filipe University of Coimbra SEG-CEMMPRE - Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes Department of Mechanical Engineering Rua Luís Reis Santos Coimbra3030-788 Portugal Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstrasse 400 Dresden01328 Germany INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n Braga4715-330 Portugal Mechanical Engineering Department IDMEC Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa1049-001 Portugal Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States IPN - LED&MAT - Instituto Pedro Nunes Laboratório de Ensaios Desgaste e Materiais Rua Pedro Nunes Coimbra3030-199 Portugal ISEP - School of Engineering Polytechnic of Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto4200-072 Portugal

One of the main approaches to increase the tool lifetime during dry machining of "hard-to-machine" aerospace alloys is self-lubrication by the incorporation of noble metals in hard matrixes with good mechanical and diffusion barrier properties. In this paper, the diffusion of an Ag-rich layer sandwiched between two layers of either TiN or TiSiN is studied by transmission electron microscopy and in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The layer stacks were subjected to annealing treatments at 600 ºC and 800 ºC for 2 hours. Three processes were found to control the diffusion of silver: the morphology of the "sandwich" layers, the formation of small voids in the involved interfaces and the sublimation of Ag in the surface at temperatures near the melting point. The study revealed that the dense TiSiN matrix allowed a significantly better control of Ag diffusion than the more open TiN matrix. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

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Characterizing the flux effect on the irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels using machine learning

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Acta Materialia 2023年 256卷

作者： Liu, Yu-chen Morgan, Dane Yamamoto, Takuya Odette, G. Robert Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

In-service exposure to high-energy neutrons embrittles reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. An increase in the yield stress (Δσy) results in a corresponding increase in the brittle to ductile transition temperature (ΔTc). Most existing models underpredict ΔTc at higher fluence following accelerated irradiations in test reactors. High fluence, up to 1020 n/cm2 in some cases, will be reached over extended RPV vessel operation of 80 years, or more, at low service flux. Embrittlement has been extensively studied in accelerated, higher flux test reaction irradiations. However, the use of test reactor data naturally raises the question of flux effects. This study used a machine learning approach trained on a set of hardening data, covering a wide range of flux, fluence, and steel compositions to determine the interactive effects of both irradiation and material variables on Δσy. The analysis included machine learning-based cross-plots of the variable dependence of Δσy for six core steels (i.e., CM6, LC, LD, LG, LH, and LI), with controlled differences in their Cu and Ni contents. A primary objective is to evaluate an effective to actual fluence (ɸte/ɸt) ratio, as a function of flux, fluence, and steel composition. This is information critical to properly use intermediate flux-high fluence data in calibrating a low flux-high fluence embrittlement model. The predicted ɸte/ɸt is reasonably consistent with estimates previously derived from a physics-based solute recombination trap model. © 2023 Acta Materialia Inc.

关键词： Embrittlement

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Emergence of Non-photoresponsive Catalytic Techniques for Environmental Remediation and Energy Generation

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Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2023年第9期18卷 e202300090页

作者： Kumar Sharma, Manish Khan, Imran Kaswan, Kuldeep Roy Barman, Snigdha Saha, Subhajit Hsieh, Wu-Chiao Chueh, Yu-Lun Wang, Yu-Lin Lee, Sangmin Choi, Dukhyun Lin, Zong-Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Renewable Energy Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology West Bengal741249 India Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan333 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan School of Mechanical Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul06974 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan

Catalysis plays a crucial role in all the major applications and challenges in the environment, including energy generation and environmental remediation. Although photocatalysts and electrocatalysts are useful in addressing energy and environmental issues, they have some major drawbacks, such as low efficiency and easy charge recombination which limits their applications. Hence, it is imperative to design and explore new catalytic techniques that include non-photoresponsive catalysts. In this review, the detailed possibilities, characteristics and prospects of non-photoresponsive catalysts, such as piezocatalysts, thermocatalysts, pyrocatalysts, and tribocatalysts along with hybrid catalysts are described. The overall mechanism of each catalytic technique and its applications in different fields such as energy generation, environmental remediation, and carbon dioxide reduction are discussed. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Electrocatalysts

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High-nickel, low-cobalt cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

High-nickel, low-cobalt cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

引用

Battery Chemistries for Automotive Applications 2019

作者： Manthiram, Arumugam Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Austin United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510893542

• Nickel is the only probable candidate to reduce cobalt without sacrificing energy • Cycle life, thermal stability, and air-sensitivity are the challenges with increasing Ni - Capacity fade is due to particle cracking and aggressive surface reactions - dissolved transition-metals crossover to anode and trap active-lithium at anode - metal dissolution depends on composition;Mn enhances Ni and Co dissolution - Al3+ or Mg2+ doping improves cycle life, thermal stability, and air stability - new electrolytes tune the electrode-electrolyte interphase, enhancing cyclability, low- and high-temperature performances, and thermal stability • Capacities of as high as ∼ 220 mAh/g (with Ni contents of 94%) with high volumetric energy density and long cycle life have been realized. © Battery Chemistries for Automotive Applications 2019, Held at AABC 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermodynamic stability

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