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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Lin, Xuan Zhang, Xi Yu, Zu-Guo Long, Yahui Zeng, Xiangxiang Yu, Philip S. Xiangtan University College of Computer Science China Xiangtan University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing Ministry of Education China Singapore Hunan University College of Information Science and Engineering China University of Illinois Chicago Department of Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Accurately predicting drug-target interactions (DTI) is a critical step in drug discovery. Existing methods of DTI prediction primarily employ Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) sequences or molecular graphs to learn drug representations. However, the features learned by such single-view approach is prone to incomplete. While some multiview methods that consider the views of both SMILES sequences and molecular graphs have been developed, these methods often fall in short in capturing potential interactions between views. In this work, we propose a novel dual contrastive learning framework CSCL-DTI for DTI prediction. First, we design a contrastive-enhanced cross-view representation learning (CVRL) to learn representations for drugs. In this module, Transformer-based and graph convolutional network (GCN)-based encoders are separately adopted to learn view-specific representations, followed by contrastive learning to enrich the representations by accounting for the potential interplay between local chemical context and topological structure. Second, we combine Transformer with self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL) to learn representations for targets by modelling protein amino acids sequences. The scheme allows to effectively preserve the intrinsic characteristics of the sequences. Finally, we introduce a bilinear attention network to obtain an integrated representation by adaptively incorporating drug and target representations. Benchmarking experiments on two datasets demonstrated that CSCL-DTI1 outperforms six state-of-the-art methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Exploring the Predictive Capabilities of AlphaFold Using Adversarial Protein Sequences

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第7期5卷 3384-3392页

作者： Alkhouri, Ismail R. Jha, Sumit Beckus, Andre Atia, George Jha, Susmit Ewetz, Rickard Velasquez, Alvaro OrlandoFL32816 United States Michigan State University Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Department East LansingMI48824 United States University of Michigan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Ann ArborMI48109 United States Florida International University Knights Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences MiamiFL33199 United States Air Force Research Laboratory Rome Information Directorate NY13441 United States Department Computer Science Department OrlandoFL32816 United States SRI International Computer Science Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department OrlandoFL32816 United States University of Colorado Computer Science Department BoulderCO80309 United States

Protein folding neural networks (PFNNs) such as AlphaFold predict remarkably accurate structures of proteins compared to other approaches. However, the robustness of such networks has heretofore not been fully explored. This is particularly relevant given the broad social implications of such technologies and the fact that biologically small perturbations to noncritical residues of a protein sequence do not typically lead to drastic changes in the protein structure. Our study demonstrates that, similar to adversarial methods in machine learning, small changes to protein sequences can result in significant differences in the predicted protein structures using AlphaFold as determined by large distance measures. Despite this, our findings using multiple protein sequences suggest that AlphaFold is able to accurately predict the domain structure and folding regions of a protein. To gauge structural differences, we employ two alignment-based measures [root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and the global distance test (GDT) similarity], and one alignment-free measure, which is an effective graph-based structure representation (GraSR) method. We prove that the problem of minimally perturbing protein sequences is NP-complete. Based on the well-established block substitution matrices (BLOSUM62) sequence alignment scoring matrix, we generate adversarial sequences. In our experimental evaluation, we consider 111 proteins (including 29 COVID-19 sequences) in the Universal Protein resource (UniProt), a central resource for protein data. Our findings suggest that, despite the high RMSD values returned by AlphaFold, it is capable of handling the BLOSUM adversarial sequences considered in our analysis, as evidenced by the preservation of the folded regions and the GraSR results. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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A Contrast-Enhanced Null Subtraction Imaging Method using Dynamic DC Bias in Ultrafast Ultrasound imaging

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IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 2025年第6期72卷 755-771页

作者： Yan, Xin Yang, Xiaodong Jing, Lingling Guo, Wei Wang, Yingqi Su, Xinwei Wang, Yuanyuan Shenyang University of Technology School of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang110870 China Ultrasound Department of Anshan Central Hospital Anshan114000 China CO. Ltd Suzhou215123 China Fudan University Department of Electronic Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai Shanghai200433 China

Enhancing the resolution and contrast of ultrafast ultrasound imaging is imperative for the accuracy of clinical diagnostics. Null subtraction imaging (NSI) is a nonlinear beamforming technique capable of significantly enhancing lateral resolution. However, it suffers from issues of low-quality speckle pattern and poor contrast performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel contrast-enhanced NSI method that utilizes dynamic DC bias. Innovatively, we construct the dynamic DC bias using a generalized coherence factor (GCF) and a sigmoid transformation function that adapts the DC value based on the signal characteristics of different imaging regions. Furthermore, a normalization scheme is proposed to optimize the beamforming output, ensuring uniform pixel intensity throughout the final image. Simulation, phantom, and in vivo data are utilized for ultrasound beamforming to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Quantitative results show that the proposed method significantly enhances the contrast ratio (CR) by 197%, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 341%, the speckle signal-to-noise ratio (sSNR) by 302%, and the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) by 106% compared to the original NSI (in phantom). Point target imaging results indicate that the proposed method achieves a main lobe width slightly wider than the original NSI method, but much narrower than those of DAS and GCF. These findings confirm that the proposed method significantly enhances imaging contrast while preserving high resolution, which is of great significance for the further clinical application of ultrafast ultrasound imaging. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phantoms

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Vision based intelligent traffic light management system using Faster R‐CNN

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第4期9卷 932-947页

作者： Syed Konain Abbas Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan Jia Zhu Raheem Sarwar Naif R.Aljohani Ibrahim A.Hameed Muhammad Umair Hassan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina OTHEM Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of ICT and Natural Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)ÅlesundNorway

Transportation systems primarily depend on vehicular flow on roads. Developed coun-tries have shifted towards automated signal control, which manages and updates signal synchronisation automatically. In contrast, traffic in underdeveloped countries is mainly governed by manual traffic light systems. These existing manual systems lead to numerous issues, wasting substantial resources such as time, energy, and fuel, as they cannot make real‐time decisions. In this work, we propose an algorithm to determine traffic signal durations based on real‐time vehicle density, obtained from live closed circuit television camera feeds adjacent to traffic signals. The algorithm automates the traffic light system, making decisions based on vehicle density and employing Faster R‐CNN for vehicle detection. Additionally, we have created a local dataset from live streams of Punjab Safe City cameras in collaboration with the local police authority. The proposed algorithm achieves a class accuracy of 96.6% and a vehicle detection accuracy of 95.7%. Across both day and night modes, our proposed method maintains an average precision, recall, F1 score, and vehicle detection accuracy of 0.94, 0.98, 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Our proposed work surpasses all evaluation metrics compared to state‐of‐the‐art methodologies.

关键词： access control artificial intelligence computer vision intelligent control

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Brain-inspired artificial intelligence research: A review

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science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2282-2296页

作者： WANG GuoYin BAO HuaNan LIU Qun ZHOU TianGang WU Si HUANG TieJun YU ZhaoFei LU CeWu GONG YiHong ZHANG ZhaoXiang HE Sheng Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Computer Science School of ElectronicsInformation and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China The Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Artificial intelligence(AI) systems surpass certain human intelligence abilities in a statistical sense as a whole, but are not yet the true realization of these human intelligence abilities and behaviors. There are differences, and even contradictions, between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. With the goal of achieving general AI, this study contains a review of the role of cognitive science in inspiring the development of the three mainstream academic branches of AI based on the three-layer framework proposed by David Marr, and the limitations of the current development of AI are explored and analyzed. The differences and inconsistencies between the cognition mechanisms of the human brain and the computation mechanisms of AI systems are analyzed. They are found to be the cause of the differences and contradictions between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. Additionally, eight important research directions and their scientific issues that need to focus on braininspired AI research are proposed: highly imitated bionic information processing, a large-scale deep learning model that balances structure and function, multi-granularity joint problem solving bidirectionally driven by data and knowledge, AI models that simulate specific brain structures, a collaborative processing mechanism with the physical separation of perceptual processing and interpretive analysis, embodied intelligence that integrates the brain cognitive mechanism and AI computation mechanisms,intelligence simulation from individual intelligence to group intelligence(social intelligence), and AI-assisted brain cognitive intelligence.

关键词： artificial intelligence cognitive science brain science intelligence science large language model

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Competition on robust deep learning

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National science Review 2023年第6期10卷 13-15页

作者： Yinpeng Dong Chang Liu Wenzhao Xiang Hang Su Jun Zhu Department of Computer Science and Technology Institute for AI Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML Center THBI Lab BNRist Center Tsinghua University Institute of Image Communication and Networks Engineering in the Department of Electronic Engineering (EE) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Computing Technology CAS Peng Cheng Laboratory Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu)

PROBLEM In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology,especially machine learning and deep learning, is profoundly changing human production and *** various fields,such as robotics,face recognition,autonomous driving and healthcare,AI is playing an important ***,although AI is promoting the technological revolution and industrial progress,its security risks are often *** studies have found that the wellperforming deep learning models are extremely vulnerable to adversarial examples [1-3].The adversarial examples are crafted by applying small,humanimperceptible perturbations to natural examples,but can mislead deep learning models to make wrong *** vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial examples can raise security and safety threats to various realworld applications.

关键词： robustness adversarial example adversarial training deep learning

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BHJO: A Novel Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm Combining the Beluga Whale, Honey Badger, and Jellyfish Search Optimizers for Solving engineering Design Problems

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 219-265页

作者： Farouq Zitouni Saad Harous Abdulaziz S.Almazyad Ali Wagdy Mohamed Guojiang Xiong Fatima Zohra Khechiba Khadidja Â Kherchouche Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Kasdi Merbah UniversityP.O.Box 30000OuarglaAlgeria Department of Computer Science College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahP.O.Box 27272SharjahUnited Arab Emirates Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan Guizhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology in Power System College of Electrical EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China

Hybridizing metaheuristic algorithms involves synergistically combining different optimization techniques to effectively address complex and challenging optimization *** approach aims to leverage the strengths of multiple algorithms,enhancing solution quality,convergence speed,and robustness,thereby offering a more versatile and efficient means of solving intricate real-world optimization *** this paper,we introduce a hybrid algorithm that amalgamates three distinct metaheuristics:the Beluga Whale Optimization(BWO),the Honey Badger Algorithm(HBA),and the Jellyfish Search(JS)*** proposed hybrid algorithm will be referred to as *** this fusion,the BHJO algorithm aims to leverage the strengths of each *** this hybridization,we thoroughly examined the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the BWO,HBA,and JS metaheuristics,as well as their ability to strike a balance between exploration and *** meticulous analysis allowed us to identify the pros and cons of each algorithm,enabling us to combine them in a novel hybrid approach that capitalizes on their respective strengths for enhanced optimization *** addition,the BHJO algorithm incorporates Opposition-Based Learning(OBL)to harness the advantages offered by this technique,leveraging its diverse exploration,accelerated convergence,and improved solution quality to enhance the overall performance and effectiveness of the hybrid ***,the performance of the BHJO algorithm was evaluated across a range of both unconstrained and constrained optimization problems,providing a comprehensive assessment of its efficacy and applicability in diverse problem ***,the BHJO algorithm was subjected to a comparative analysis with several renowned algorithms,where mean and standard deviation values were utilized as evaluation *** rigorous comparison aimed to assess the performance of the BHJOalgorithmabout its counterparts,shedd

关键词： Global optimization hybridization of metaheuristics beluga whale optimization honey badger algorithm jellyfish search optimizer chaotic maps opposition-based learning

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Implementation of a Tunisian Coin Recognition Embedded System with Deep Learning

Implementation of a Tunisian Coin Recognition Embedded Syste...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Green Energy, ICAIGE 2024

作者： Kessentini, Amina Ghanem, Rania Mouhamed, Tasnim Ben Masmoudi, Nouri National Engineering School of Sfax University of Sfax Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technologies Safx Tunisia Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia Gabes Department of industrial computing Gabes Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389838

Managing a large volume of coins poses a complex challenge in various fields, particularly within Tunisian administrations, specifically in terms of counting and classification. In this case, several coin recognition systems are distinguished, such as systems based on mechanical, electromagnetic, and image processing methods. However, these systems may suffer from accuracy and reliability shortcomings and are sensitive to deception. To avoid these problems, we have developed an intelligent system based on convolutional models (CNN) with the aim of automating coin detection, classification, and counting. Additionally, we have expanded our database by integrating a generative neural network model (GAN). The main goal of our paper is to develop a robust and precise solution capable of efficiently processing a large volume of coins quickly and presenting the results in a mobile application connected to the system. Our work combines the latest technologies to assist Tunisian administrations in better managing their finances. The accuracy result has achieved up to 97.8 % with real time detection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Privacy‐preserving remote sensing images recognition based on limited visual cryptography

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第4期8卷 1166-1177页

作者： Denghui Zhang Muhammad Shafiq Liguo Wang Gautam Srivastava Shoulin Yin Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of New Networks Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhenChina College of Information and Communications Engineering Dalian Minzu UniversityDalianChina Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonManitobaCanada Research Centre for Interneural Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Computer Science and Math Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon College of Information and Communications Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbinChina

With the arrival of new data acquisition platforms derived from the Internet of Things(IoT),this paper goes beyond the understanding of traditional remote sensing *** fusion of remote sensing and computer vision has hit the industrial world and makes it possible to apply Artificial intelligence to solve problems such as automatic extraction of information and image ***,due to the complex architecture of IoT and the lack of a unified security protection mechanism,devices in remote sensing are vulnerable to privacy leaks when sharing *** is necessary to design a security scheme suitable for computation‐limited devices in IoT,since traditional encryption methods are based on computational *** Cryptography(VC)is a threshold scheme for images that can be decoded directly by the human visual system when superimposing encrypted *** stacking‐to‐see feature and simple Boolean decryption operation make VC an ideal solution for privacy‐preserving recognition for large‐scale remote sensing images in *** this study,the secure and efficient transmission of high‐resolution remote sensing images by meaningful VC is *** diffusing the error between the encryption block and the original block to adjacent blocks,the degradation of quality in recovery images is *** fine‐tuning the pre‐trained model from large‐scale datasets,we improve the recognition performance of small encryption datasets for remote sensing *** experimental results show that the proposed lightweight privacy‐preserving recognition framework maintains high recognition performance while enhancing security.

关键词： activity recognition feature extraction image classification KNN privacy protection remote monitoring remote sensing

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VHASR: A Multimodal Speech Recognition System With Vision Hotwords

VHASR: A Multimodal Speech Recognition System With Vision Ho...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Hu, Jiliang Li, Zuchao Wang, Ping Ai, Haojun Zhang, Lefei Zhao, Hai Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China School of Information Management Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

The image-based multimodal automatic speech recognition (ASR) model enhances speech recognition performance by incorporating audio-related image. However, some works suggest that introducing image information to model does not help improving ASR performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach effectively utilizing audio-related image information and set up VHASR, a multimodal speech recognition system that uses vision as hotwords to strengthen the model's speech recognition capability. Our system utilizes a dual-stream architecture, which firstly transcribes the text on the two streams separately, and then combines the outputs. We evaluate the proposed model on four datasets: Flickr8k, ADE20k, COCO, and OpenImages. The experimental results show that VHASR can effectively utilize key information in images to enhance the model's speech recognition ability. Its performance not only surpasses unimodal ASR, but also achieves SOTA among existing image-based multimodal ASR. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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