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$k$k-TEVS: A $ k$k-Times E-Voting Scheme on Blockchain With Supervision

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2024年第3期22卷 2326-2337页

作者： Yang Liu Debiao He Min Luo Lianhai Wang Cong Peng School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shanghai Technology Innovation Centre of Distributed Privacy-Preserving Artificial Intelligence Matrix Elements Technologies Shanghai China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

The e-vote is regarded as a way to express the opinion that the voters ask for. Actually, the e-vote could be applied wildly like questionnaire, survey and feedback. Moreover, the coexistences of efficiency and security as well as transparency and privacy could be considered as building blocks in the e-vote system. The blockchain could provide a public access board to reduce the storage costs for the field consisted of the vote group manager (GM) with its vote assistants (VA). Particularly the $k$ -times anonymous authentication ( $k$ -TAA) could also be a practical approach to preserve voters’ privacy and reduce the computation costs during the vote process. However, the e-vote scheme with pure $k$ -TAA strategy could damage either the supervision of voting or the efficiency and consistency of authentication process. What’s more, the impacts of dishonest voters couldn’t be stopped until the vote end. To tackle these problems, we apply the accumulator technology to add or revoke the voters at any time and extend the framework of $k$ -TAA with the update process for the e-vote on blockchain for supervision ( $ k$ -TEVS). In our scheme, the voter updates his membership witness and proves the fact that he is still a valid member with respective VA under the latest accumulator value. What’s more, this witness update operation is not contained in the authentication process, which means that the authentication process is still constant and efficient. Moreover, our add or delete update process with signature of knowledge needs only one pairing operation. For the security, we prove that the relaxed anonymity still holds in the $ k$ -TEVS framework. Finally, We implement $ k$ -TEVS scheme, the Emura’s work [1] and the Huang’s work [2] for comparison. Then we make time cost and communication cost experiments, which present the feasibility and practicality of this scheme.

关键词： Blockchains Authentication Costs Protocols Security Privacy Surveys Electronic voting Computer science Information security

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Dfier: A Directed Vulnerability Verifier for Ethereum Smart Contracts

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Zeli Dai, Weiqi Li, Ming Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Zou, Deqing Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Ministry of Education College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing40065 China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio United States

Existing smart contract vulnerability identification approaches mainly focus on complete program detection. Consequently, lots of known potentially vulnerable locations need manual verification, which is energy-exhaustive and error-prone. Fuzzing is an effective way to detect vulnerabilities. However, current fuzzers cannot effectively probe these suspicious targets because they overlook two key factors: exploring all paths toward the targets and providing high-quality directed seed inputs. This paper presents a Directed vulnerability veriFier (DFier), elaborating effective transaction sequences with directed inputs for the fuzzer, to focus on analyzing target paths and automatically detect whether the given locations are vulnerable. Specifically, DFier fuses the effectiveness of static analysis and the efficiency of fuzzing. The static analysis helps locate target paths and generate directed inputs for the fuzzer under three heuristic strategies. The first prefers inputs with the larger possibility of triggering potential vulnerabilities based on target features. The second guides the value mutation to satisfy the path constraints. The third adequately leverages execution information to help find exploits faster. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DFier is effective in verifying contract security, compared with three existing contract fuzzers (i.e., contractFuzzer, sFuzz, and conFuzzius). And the performance losses are in an acceptable range. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smart contract

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Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

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Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems 2024年第1期4卷 19-23页

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Faculty of Computing and Data Science FLAME University Maharashtra Pune India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, offers coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading academics, scientists, distinguish researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research discusses ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifies potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation shows that ChatGPT perform differently in different subject areas including finance, coding, maths, and general public queries. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions, transforming education through smartphones and IoT gadgets, and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within GenerativeAI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Machine learning

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SMP-Graph: Structure-Enhanced Unsupervised Semantic Graph Representation for Precise Medical Procedure Coding on EMRs

SMP-Graph: Structure-Enhanced Unsupervised Semantic Graph Re...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Yue Gao Xiangling Fu Xien Liu Kaiyin Zhou Ji Wu School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education Beijing China Tsinghua University Beijing China THiFLY Research Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence Hefei Anhui China Institute for Precision Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665429825

Automatic ICD coding, as a fundamental task in the field of healthcare management, has been paid much attention by researchers. However, the current deep learning-based ICD coding research mostly focus on the introduction of external diagnostic description text or the imposition of rules, while ignoring the structured features of the coding text itself. Especially for short texts of medical procedure codes, it is much more important to mine the information value in the texts. In this paper, we propose a structure-enhanced unsupervised semantic graph representation for precise medical procedure coding (SMP-Graph). The SMP-Graph representation method constructs each medical procedure text with an inductive heterogeneous graph and particularly enhances the kernel knowledge by extracting the axis words and chapter title and allocating them with distinct node representations. Both the nodes and edges are generated by the unsupervised pretrained model and then interact information in a bidirectionally weighted graph structure. Therefore, the SMP-Graph really realizes the intra-integration of unsupervised contextualized information and graph-based global information from the medical procedure code. Experiments conducted on the Chinese ICD-9-CM-3 procedure text dataset we collected from EMRs demonstrate that the SMP-Graph is a better representation method that outperforms other representative methods for medical procedure coding. Characteristic analysis is also conducted to prove the interpretability and adaptability of the SMP-Graph on the medical procedure coding task.

关键词： Codes Conferences Semantics Medical services Encoding Regulation Task analysis

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Transformative Effects of ChatGPT on Modern Education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, was released to provide coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading scientists, researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research seeks to improve our knowledge of ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifying potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation concludes that ChatGPT performed differently in each subject area including finance, coding and maths. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within Generative AI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： Machine learning

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Modern computing: Vision and Challenges

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Wu, Huaming Patros, Panos Ottaviani, Carlo Arora, Priyansh Pujol, Victor Casamayor Haunschild, David Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Cetinkaya, Oktay Lutfiyya, Hanan Stankovski, Vlado Li, Ruidong Ding, Yuemin Qadir, Junaid Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Song, Houbing Herbert Sakellariou, Rizos Rana, Omer Rodrigues, Joel J.P.C. Kanhere, Salil S. Dustdar, Schahram Uhlig, Steve Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Department of Computer Science York Centre for Quantum Technologies University of York York United Kingdom Microsoft Schiphol Netherlands Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Detecon International GmbH Munich Germany Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Japan Tecnun School of Engineering University of Navarra Spain Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Bennett University Greater Noida India Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Baltimore United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia COPELABS Lusófona University Lisbon Portugal Sydney Australia The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Over the past six decades, the computing systems field has experienced significant transformations, profoundly impacting society with transformational developments, such as the Internet and the commodification of computing. Underpinned by technological advancements, computer systems, far from being static, have been continuously evolving and adapting to cover multifaceted societal niches. This has led to new paradigms such as cloud, fog, edge computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), which offer fresh economic and creative opportunities. Nevertheless, this rapid change poses complex research challenges, especially in maximizing potential and enhancing functionality. As such, to maintain an economical level of performance that meets ever-tighter requirements, one must understand the drivers of new model emergence and expansion, and how contemporary challenges differ from past ones. To that end, this article investigates and assesses the factors influencing the evolution of computing systems, covering established systems and architectures as well as newer developments, such as serverless computing, quantum computing, and on-device AI on edge devices. Trends emerge when one traces technological trajectory, which includes the rapid obsolescence of frameworks due to business and technical constraints, a move towards specialized systems and models, and varying approaches to centralized and decentralized control. This comprehensive review of modern computing systems looks ahead to the future of research in the field, highlighting key challenges and emerging trends, and underscoring their importance in cost-effectively driving technological progress. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Obsolescence

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An Alternate Approach for Designing a Domain Specific Image Search Prototype Using Histogram

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第3期6卷 131-139页

作者： Sukanta Sinha Rana Dattagupta Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing Research Lab Kolkata India

Everyone knows that thousand of words are represented by a single image. As a result, image search has become a very popular mechanism for the web-searchers. Image search means, the search results are produced by the search engine should be a set of images along with their web-page Unified Resource Locator (URL). Now web-searcher can perform two types of image search, they are “Text to Image” and “Image to Image” search. In “Text to Image” search, search query should be a text. Based on the input text data, system will generate a set of images along with their web-page URL as an output. On the other hand, in “Image to Image” search, search query should be an image and based on this image, system will generate a set of images along with their web-page URL as an output. According to the current scenarios, “Text to Image” search mechanism always not returns perfect result. It matches the text data and then displays the corresponding images as an output, which is not always perfect. To resolve this problem, web researchers have introduced the “Image to Image” search mechanism. In this paper, we have also proposed an alternate approach of “Image to Image” search mechanism using Histogram.

关键词： Domain Specific Crawling Histogram Gray-Scale Image Image Search Ontology Search Engine

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Constraint driven stratification of RDF with hypergraph graph (HG(2)) data structure

Constraint driven stratification of RDF with hypergraph grap...

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3rd International Conference on Advances in computing, Communication and Control, ICAC3 2013

作者： Munshi, Shiladitya Chakraborty, Ayan Mukhopadhyay, Debajyoti Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Kolkata India Techno India College of Technology Kolkata India Maharastra Institute of Technology Pune India Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing Research Lab Golfgreen Kolkata 700095 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783642363207

Current paper introduces a Constraint Driven Stratificatified Model for RDF with Hypergraph-Graph (HG(2)) model of data storage which can be represented as a hybrid data structure based on Hypergraph and Graph. In general, the schema component of RDF i,e RDFS is unstratified in nature. In order to establish a sustained information integration of RDF and Topic Map or other stratified semantic metamodel, imposing some constraints on RDF (without any semantic loss) evolves as an imperative pre condition. While HG(2) data structure is claimed to realize complex combinatorial structures, the current investigation reports a novel HG(2) based model for constraint driven stratification of RDF without any loss of semantic expressiveness. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Data structures

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Theories of Hypergraph-Graph (HG(2)) Data Structure

Theories of Hypergraph-Graph (HG(2)) Data Structure

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International Conference on Cloud & Ubiquitous computing & Emerging Technologies (CUBE)

作者： Shiladitya Munshi Ayan Chakraborty Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Kolkata India Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing research Lab Golfgreen Kolkata India Techno India College of Technology Kolkata India Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing research Lab Golfgreen Kolkata India Maharastra Institute of Technology Pune India Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing research Lab Golfgreen Kolkata India

Current paper introduces a Hyper graph-Graph (HG(2)) model of data storage which can be represented as a hybrid data structure based on Hyper graph and Graph. The proposed data structure is claimed to realize complex combinatorial structures. The formal definition of the data structure is presented along with the proper justification from real world scenarios. The paper reports some elementary concepts of Hyper graph and presents theoretical aspects of the proposed data structure including the concepts of Path, Cycle etc. The detailed analysis of weighted HG(2) is presented along with discussions on Cost involved with HG(2) paths.

关键词： Connectors Data structures Complexity theory Data models Joining processes distributed computing Electronic mail

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Integrating RDF into Hypergraph-Graph (HG(2)) Data Structure

Integrating RDF into Hypergraph-Graph (HG(2)) Data Structure

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International Conference on Cloud & Ubiquitous computing & Emerging Technologies (CUBE)

作者： Shiladitya Munshi Ayan Chakraborty Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay Web Intelligence and Distributed Computing research Lab Kolkata India Techno India College of Technology Kolkata India Maharastra Institute of Technology Pune India

Current paper discusses the methodologies involved in integrating Resource Description Framework (RDF) into a Hyper Graph - Graph (HG(2)) data structure in order to preserve the semantics of the information contained in RDF document for dealing future cross platform information portability issues. The entire semantic web is mostly dominated by few information frameworks like RDF, Topic Map, OWL etc. Hence semantic web currently faces the problem of non existence of common information meta-model which can integrate them all for expanded semantic search. On the background of development of Hyper Graph - Graph (HG(2)) data structure, an RDF document if integrated to it, maintains the original semantics and exposes some critical semantic and object mapping lift as well which could further be exploited for semantic search and information transitional problems. The focus of the paper is to present the mapping constructs between RDF elements and Hyper Graph - Graph (HG(2)) elements.

关键词： Resource description framework Semantics Data structures Connectors Complexity theory

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