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A review on global spatial distribution,sources and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acid and prospect in the cryosphere

Journal of Mountain science 2025年第1期22卷 167-183页

作者： LI Bowen Du Wentao KANG Shichang CHEN Jizu JIANG Youyan YIN Lichen LU Changsheng LIU Hongyi State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and frozen soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Gansu Provincial Industry Technology Center of Intelligent Equipment and Big Data for Disaster Prevention Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Lanzhou Regional Climate Center Lanzhou 730000China School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730000China Zhangye Meteorological Service Zhangye 734000China

Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human *** have been found to be biotoxic to humans and have been detected in various environmental media,especially in the cryosphere at trace *** cryosphere,sensitively responds to climate change,plays a crucial role in the global water,carbon and energy ***,researches on cryosphere PFAAs especially in Tibetan Plateau(TP)is ***,we summarize the physicochemical properties,physiological toxicity,spatiotemporal distribution,sources,diffusion and migration pathways,as well as analysis and removal methods of PFAAs in the cryosphere *** results show that PFAAs pollutants are mainly produced and distributed in the more economically developed countries in Europe and the United States,as well as in East Asia,and PFAAs can be transported by atmospheric circulation and water cycle to remote regions including cryosphere *** current detection methods for PFAAs in cryosphere need to be further refined for increased accuracy and *** is also a need to develop more effective removal methods that will reduce the environmental and human threats posed by these ***,we propose key scientific questions for future research in cryosphere including PFAAs redistribution influenced by cryosphere changes,human activities,and the interaction of other spheres.

关键词： Perfluoroalkyl acid Cryosphere Physiological toxicity Analytical method Removal method

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FedEAT: A Robustness Optimization Framework for Federated LLMs

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pang, Yahao Wu, Xingyuan Zhang, Xiaojin Chen, Wei Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Significant advancements have been made by Large Language Models (LLMs) in the domains of natural language understanding and automated content creation. However, they still face persistent problems, including substantial computational costs and inadequate availability of training data. The combination of Federated Learning (FL) and LLMs (federated LLMs) offers a solution by leveraging distributed data while protecting privacy, which positions it as an ideal choice for sensitive domains. However, Federated LLMs still suffer from robustness challenges, including data heterogeneity, malicious clients, and adversarial attacks, which greatly hinder their applications. We first introduce the robustness problems in federated LLMs, to address these challenges, we propose FedEAT (Federated Embedding space Adversarial Training), a novel framework that applies adversarial training in the embedding space of client LLM and employs a robust aggregation approach, specifically geometric median aggregation, to enhance the robustness of Federated LLMs. Our experiments demonstrate that FedEAT effectively improves the robustness of Federated LLMs with minimal performance loss. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Extracting High-order Connectivity of EEG-based Dynamic Functional Connectivity Networks for Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder 24

Extracting High-order Connectivity of EEG-based Dynamic Func...

引用

4th Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence and big data Forum, AIBDF 2024

作者： Zhao, Feng Fan, Wenxuan Han, Zhongwei Chen, Hongyu School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong Technology and Business University Shandong Yantai China Yantai Key Laboratory of Big Data Modeling and Intelligent Computing Shandong Yantai China Immersion Technology and Evaluation Shandong Engineering Research Center Shandong Yantai China Information Engineering College Yantai Institute of Technology Shandong Yantai China Shandong Technology and Business University Shandong Yantai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710865

Functional connectivity networks (FCNs), particularly those utilizing the phase lag index (PLI) method, have been instrumental in elucidating the pathological features of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) by assessing the synchrony and lag of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal waveforms. Currently, the more prevalent methods are traditional FCNs that quantify phase synchronization as scalar values and dynamic FCNs (D-FCNs) that employ sliding window approaches to capture the instantaneous variations in functional connectivity. However, these two methods merely capture the low-level functional connections between paired regions of interest (ROIs) from both the static and dynamic perspectives, and fail to reflect the high-level functional connections involving multiple ROIs. Moreover, the feature dimension of the dynamic FCN is excessively high, and there exists a phase mismatch issue between different samples, which renders it impossible to be directly applied to the classification task, and no better solution is available at present. To mitigate these issues, we proposed a comprehensive framework that includes segmenting EEG sequences based on PLI to construct dynamic FCNs;employing seventh-order central moments for feature extraction to form low-order FCNs (Lo-FCNs);and establishing high-order FCNs (Ho-FCNs) based on Pearson correlation theory derived from Lo-FCNs. We conducted classification experiments across four distinct EEG frequency bands using our proposed framework while analyzing relevant features through graph theory and brain topological mapping techniques. The experiments showed that the proposed framework has a high classification accuracy rate in the classification experiments of MDD and NC, and proved the importance of high-order features in classification experiments, indicating that they may serve as physiological markers for MDD diagnosis. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Electroencephalography

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dataFly: A Confidentiality-preserving data Migration across Heterogeneous Blockchains

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IEEE Transactions on Computers 2025年第6期74卷 1814-1828页

作者： Li, Taotao Huang, Huawei Abla, Parhat Deng, Zhihong Yang, Qinglin Xie, Anke He, Debiao Zheng, Zibin Sun Yat-Sen University School of Software Engineering Zhuhai528478 China South China Normal University School of Artificial Intelligence Foshan528225 China South China Normal University Postdoctoral Research Station in Mathematics Guangzhou510006 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense Institute of Information Engineering Beijing100085 China Guangzhou University School of Mathematics and Information Science Guangzhou510006 China Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Huangpu Research School Guangzhou University Guangdong GuangZhou510006 China Yunnan Innovation Institute Beihang University Yunnan Key Laboratory of Blockchain Application Technology Kunming650233 China Wuhan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China

Permissioned blockchains play a significant role in various application scenarios. Applications built on heterogeneous permissioned blockchains need to migrate data from one chain to another, aiming to keep their competitiveness and security. Thus, data migration across heterogeneous chains is a building block of permissioned blockchains. However, existing data migration protocols across heterogeneous chains are rarely used in practice since data migration technologies are insecure. To this end, we propose a data migration protocol across permissioned blockchains, named dataFly. We design a peg consensus mechanism, which provides consistent data-migration functionality between any two permissioned blockchains. To preserve the confidentiality of data, we invoke two classical cryptographic methods, i.e., i) ECDSA feature and ii) the integrated signature and public key encryption scheme. Through combining those two methods, data can be securely migrated from one permissioned blockchain to another without exposing the migrated data to anyone except associated parties. To demonstrate the practicality of dataFly, we implement a prototype of dataFly using existing popular permissioned blockchains, i.e., Hyperledger Fabric and private enterprise Ethereum. Measurement results demonstrate that dataFly outperforms related works in terms of transaction latency and gas costs. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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A Novel FDTD-PIC Scheme for Accurate Transient Analysis of Terahertz Gyrotrons

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IEEE Transactions on Terahertz science and technology 2025年第3期15卷 496-504页

作者： Tang, Runfeng Chen, Xianfei Xie, Liangqian Liu, Weijian He, Chenxi Han, Xiaotao Savilov, Andrei V. Yu Glyavin, Mikhail Xiao, Houxiu Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan China Russian Academy of Sciences Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics Nizhny Novgorod603950 Russia Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Advanced School of General and Applied Physics Nizhny Novgorod603950 Russia

As the resonant frequencies advance into the terahertz regime, the mode competition in the gyrotron becomes increasingly intense, exhibiting atypical and varied transient processes. Consequently, rigorous time-domain simulation is crucial for developing terahertz gyrotrons. Traditional dedicated codes typically utilize the gyro-averaged method to address fast time-scale behaviors. However, this approach may lead to misinterpretation when analyzing transient processes involving modes with different response properties and multi-scale behaviors, such as harmonic and gyro-BWO operations. To address this challenge, this paper directly analyzes the dynamic behavior of various modes based on fast-varying field variables without any time-scale assumption, ensuring a precise depiction of beam-wave interactions. The proposed numerical framework integrates a scalar 1D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method with a 3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm, providing a comprehensive description of full-wave physics. The simplified 1D FDTD model, along with the pre-selection of relevant modes, significantly reduces data storage requirements. A thorough validation of the proposed numerical framework demonstrates that the results align well with those obtained from established dedicated codes, showcasing superior accuracy in transient analysis. © 2011-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Transient analysis

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research on mental health education of college students based on k-means algorithm

Research on mental health education of college students base...

引用

IEEE Information technology and Mechatronics engineering Conference (ITOEC)

作者： Yixin Xu Yanhong Guo Jing Chen Department of Marxism Wuhan Business University China Department of Basic Principles of Marxism Department of Information Engineering Wuhan Business University China Data Science and Big Data Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798331529482

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529499

The research on the mental health education of college students is of great significance to improve the mental health level and quality of college students. In terms of research methods, there are both traditional statistical methods of survey data and current research methods of mathematical model algorithm analysis. This paper first collected the relevant data of 11943 college students, including age, gender, somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal relationship and other 12 factors. Then descriptive analysis of the data is carried out on the basis of data collection. Finally, the K-means algorithm in cluster analysis is used to cluster the mental health problems of college students of all ages and the mental health problems of college students of all ages, and the clustering effect is better when k=4. After the final clustering results are obtained, the results are analyzed and relevant conclusions are drawn and relevant suggestions are put forward. The K-means algorithm used in this paper has a good effect on the analysis of mental health problems, and provides great help for improving the research of mental health education path of college students, which is of great significance.

关键词： Surveys Mechatronics Statistical analysis Education Clustering algorithms Mental health data collection Mathematical models Information technology

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A Comparative Analysis of Three Multispectral Images in Classification with Different Methods 24

A Comparative Analysis of Three Multispectral Images in Clas...

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13th International Conference on Computing and Pattern Recognition, ICCPR 2024

作者： Chen, Feng Gao, Zhibin Song, Yuejun College of Computer and Information Engineering Big Data Institute of Digital Natural Disaster Monitoring in Fujian Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen China College of Computer and Information Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen China Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering Nanchang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717482

Benefited from the increased satellite observations with medium spatial resolution, land use/cover mapping at local to global scales has provided important supports for society and academy community. For specific purposes (e.g., disaster assessment, detecting surface abrupt change), it is needed to increase the observation frequency, through combining different satellite sensors (i.e. as virtual constellation). However, many factors challenge this combination in practice, in which the comparability issue in sensor settings should be considered among various payload platforms. In this study, from the perspective of practical application, a comparative analysis of land use/cover mapping was investigated, with focusing on three observations by the Gaofen-1 (GF-1) wide field of view (WFV), Sentinel-2A Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI), and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) respectively. Four methods were implemented in classification experiments. Preliminary results showed that the Sentinal-2A MSI outperformed the GF-1 WFV and the Landsat-8 OLI in classification, no matter which classifier was considered. Meanwhile, the higher spatial resolution of the GF-1 WFV certainly compensated its lack of spectral channels compared against the Landsat-8 OLI. The choice of methods affected classification for a specific observation, while the more suitable classifier varied among sensors. This study underlines the compatibility issue in land use/cover mapping with different observations. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Mapping

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OUTLIER SYNTHESIS VIA HAMILTONIAN MONTE CARLO FOR OUT-OF-DISTRIBUTION DETECTION

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Hengzhuang Zhang, Teng National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Service Computing Technology and Systems Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for developing trustworthy and reliable machine learning systems. Recent advances in training with auxiliary OOD data demonstrate efficacy in enhancing detection capabilities. Nonetheless, these methods heavily rely on acquiring a large pool of high-quality natural outliers. Some prior methods try to alleviate this problem by synthesizing virtual outliers but suffer from either poor quality or high cost due to the monotonous sampling strategy and the heavy-parameterized generative models. In this paper, we overcome all these problems by proposing the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo Outlier Synthesis (HamOS) framework, which views the synthesis process as sampling from Markov chains. Based solely on the in-distribution data, the Markov chains can extensively traverse the feature space and generate diverse and representative outliers, hence exposing the model to miscellaneous potential OOD scenarios. The Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with sampling acceptance rate almost close to 1 also makes our framework enjoy great efficiency. By empirically competing with SOTA baselines on both standard and large-scale benchmarks, we verify the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed HamOS. Our code is available at: https://***/Fir-lat/HamOS_OOD. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Markov chains

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Movable Superdirective Pairs: A Phase Shifter-Free Approach to mmWave Communications

引用

IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 2025年

作者： Han, Liangcheng Yin, Haifan Gao, Mengying Zhang, Rui Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electronic Information and Communications Wuhan430074 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore

In this letter, we propose a novel Movable Superdirective Pairs (MSP) approach that combines movable antennas with superdirective pair arrays to enhance millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. By controlling the rotation angles and positions of superdirective antenna pairs via low-power actuators on the user side, the proposed MSP approach maximizes the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of multipath signals without the need for phase shifters, thereby reducing hardware costs and insertion losses. An efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization and gradient projection is developed to solve the non-convex rotation–position design problem. Moreover, MSP is shown to be robust in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-ofsight (NLOS) channels. Simulation results demonstrate that MSP achieves significant performance gains over fixed-position arrays, while maintaining low system complexity. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Microwave antennas

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MeG2: In-Memory Acceleration for Genome Graphs Analysis 23

MeG2: In-Memory Acceleration for Genome Graphs Analysis

引用

Proceedings of the 60th Annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference

作者： Yu Huang Long Zheng Haifeng Liu Zhuoran Zhou Dan Chen Pengcheng Yao Qinggang Wang Xiaofei Liao Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China and Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323481

Genome graphs analysis has emerged as an effective means to enable mapping DNA fragments (known as reads) to the reference genome. It replaces the traditional linear reference with a graph-based representation to augment the genetic variations and diversity information, significantly improving the quality of genotyping. The in-depth characterization of genome graphs analysis uncovers that it is bottlenecked by the irregular seed index access and the intensive alignment operation, stressing both the memory system and computing *** on these observations, we propose MeG2, a lightweight, commodity DRAM-compliant, processing-in-memory architecture to accelerate genome graphs analysis. MeG2 is specifically integrated with the capabilities of both near-memory processing and bitwise in-situ computation. Specifically, MeG2 leverages the low access latency of near-memory processing with the index-centric offload mechanism to alleviate the irregular memory access in the seeding procedure, and harnesses the row-parallel capacity of in-situ computation with the distance-aware technique to exploit the intensive computational parallelism in the alignment process. Results show that MeG2 outperforms the CPU-, GPU-, and ASIC-based genome graphs analysis solutions by 502× (30.2×), 272× (15.1×), and 5.5× (8.3×) for short (long) reads, while reducing energy consumption by 1628× (85.6×), 1443× (77.1×), and 7.8× (11.7×), respectively. We also demonstrate that MeG2 offers significant improvements over existing PIM-based genome sequence analysis accelerators.

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