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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Wu, Fei Jin, Hao Hu, Changhui Ji, Yimu Jing, Xiao-Yuan Jiang, Guo-Ping College of Automation College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Intelligent Security Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming China School of Computer Wuhan University Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

With the development of multimedia technology, online social media has become a major medium for people to access news, but meanwhile, it has also exacerbated the dissemination of multi-modal fake news. An automatic and efficient multi-modal fake news detection (MFND) method is urgently needed. Existing MFND methods usually conduct cross-modal information interaction at later stage, resulting in insufficient exploration of complementary information between modalities. Another challenge lies in the differences among news data from different domains, leading to the weak generalization ability in detecting news from various domains. In this work, we propose an efficient Cross-modal Prompt Learning with Semantic enhancement method for Domain-robust fake news detection (CPLSD). Specifically, we design an efficient cross-modal prompt interaction module, which utilizes prompt as medium to realize lightweight cross-modal information interaction in the early stage of feature extraction, enabling to exploit rich modality complementary information. We design a domain-general prompt generation module that can adaptively blend domain-specific news features to generate domain-general prompts, for improving the domain generalization ability of the model. Furthermore, an image semantic enhancement module is designed to achieve image-to-text translation, fully exploring the semantic discriminative information of the image modality. Extensive experiments conducted on three MFND benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approach over existing state-of-the-art MFND methods. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Semantics

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MicGuard: a comprehensive detection system against out-of-band injection attacks for different level microphone-based devices 24

MicGuard: a comprehensive detection system against out-of-ba...

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Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Conference on security Symposium

作者： Tiantian Liu Feng Lin Zhongjie Ba Li Lu Zhan Qin Kui Ren State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University School of Cyber Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133441

The integration of microphones into sensors and systems, serving as input interfaces to intelligent applications and industrial manufacture, has raised public concerns regarding their input perception. Studies have uncovered the potential dangers posed by out-of-band injection attacks on microphones, encompassing ultrasound, laser, and electromagnetic attacks, injecting commands or interferences for malicious purposes. Despite existing efforts on defense against ultrasound injections, there is a critical gap in addressing the risks posed by other out-of-band injections. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes MicGuard, a comprehensive passive detection system against out-of-band attacks. Without relying on prior information from attacking and victim devices, MicGuard leverages carrier traces and spectral chaos observed by injection phenomena across different levels of devices. The carrier traces are used in a prejudgment to fast reject partial injected signals, and the following memory-based detection model to distinguish anomaly based on the quantified chaotic entropy extracted from publicly available audio datasets. MicGuard is evaluated on a wide range of microphone-based devices including sensors, recorders, smartphones, and tablets, achieving an average AUC of 98% with high robustness and universality.

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Harnessing Frequency Spectrum Insights for Image Copyright Protection Against Diffusion Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Zhenguang Shuai, Chao Fan, Shaojing Dong, Ziping Hu, Jinwu Ba, Zhongjie Ren, Kui The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University China Institute of Blockchain and Data Security China National University of Singapore Singapore South China University of Technology China

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in novel view synthesis, but their reliance on large, diverse, and often untraceable Web datasets has raised pressing concerns about image copyright protection. Current methods fall short in reliably identifying unauthorized image use, as they struggle to generalize across varied generation tasks and fail when the training dataset includes images from multiple sources with few identifiable (watermarked or poisoned) samples. In this paper, we present novel evidence that diffusion-generated images faithfully preserve the statistical properties of their training data, particularly reflected in their spectral features. Leveraging this insight, we introduce CoprGuard, a robust frequency domain watermarking framework to safeguard against unauthorized image usage in diffusion model training and fine-tuning. CoprGuard demonstrates remarkable effectiveness against a wide range of models, from naive diffusion models to sophisticated text-to-image models, and is robust even when watermarked images comprise a mere 1% of the training dataset. This robust and versatile approach empowers content owners to protect their intellectual property in the era of AI-driven image generation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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MTVHunter: Smart Contracts Vulnerability Detection Based on Multi-Teacher Knowledge Translation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sun, Guokai Zhuang, Yuan Zhang, Shuo Feng, Xiaoyu Liu, Zhenguang Zhang, Liguo College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University Heilongjiang China The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Institute of Blockchain and Data Security Hangzhou China

Smart contracts, closely intertwined with cryptocurrency transactions, have sparked widespread concerns about considerable financial losses of security issues. To counteract this, a variety of tools have been developed to identify vulnerability in smart contract. However, they fail to overcome two challenges at the same time when faced with smart contract bytecode: (i) strong interference caused by enormous non-relevant instructions;(ii) missing semantics of bytecode due to incomplete data and control flow dependencies. In this paper, we propose a multi-teacher based bytecode vulnerability detection method, namely Multi-Teacher Vulnerability Hunter (MTVHunter), which delivers effective denoising and missing semantic to bytecode under multi-teacher guidance. Specifically, we first propose an instruction denoising teacher to eliminate noise interference by abstract vulnerability pattern and further reflect in contract embeddings. Secondly, we design a novel semantic complementary teacher with neuron distillation, which effectively extracts necessary semantic from source code to replenish the bytecode. Particularly, the proposed neuron distillation accelerate this semantic filling by turning the knowledge transition into a regression task. We conduct experiments on 229,178 real-world smart contracts that concerns four types of common vulnerabilities. Extensive experiments show MTVHunter achieves significantly performance gains over state-of-the-art approaches. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Spatial-Temporal Reconstruction Error for AIGC-based Forgery Image Detection

Spatial-Temporal Reconstruction Error for AIGC-based Forgery...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Chengji Shen Zhenjiang Liu Kaixuan Chen Jie Lei Mingli Song Zunlei Feng State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security Idlefish Network Technology Alibaba Group College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

The remarkable success of AI-Generated Content (AIGC), especially diffusion image generation models, brings about unprecedented creative applications, but also creates fertile ground for malicious counterfeiting and crime. A highly effective family of forgery image detection methods based on diffusion reconstruction error has emerged, as images generated by diffusion are more easily reconstructed by any diffusion model. However, we find that existing methods only use reconstruction error from a single time step, failing to fully leverage the entire reconstruction process. To this end, we propose to comprehensively consider every single time step to form the Temporal Reconstruction Error (TRE) that offers a richer feature representation. Furthermore, we design temporal aggregation and spatial focusing modules from two dimensions respectively to more effectively extract discriminative information from the TRE feature. Finally, we validate the proposed method on two popular datasets, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Deepfakes Image synthesis Focusing Signal processing Feature extraction Diffusion models Forgery data mining Speech processing Image reconstruction

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GoPIM: GCN-Oriented Pipeline Optimization for PIM Accelerators

GoPIM: GCN-Oriented Pipeline Optimization for PIM Accelerato...

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IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture

作者： Siling Yang Shuibing He Wenjiong Wang Yanlong Yin Tong Wu Weijian Chen Xuechen Zhang Xian-He Sun Dan Feng The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Washington State University Vancouver Illinois Institute of Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics

ISBN: (数字)9798331506476

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506483

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are popular for a variety of graph learning tasks. ReRAM-based processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerators are promising to expedite GCN training owing to their in-situ computing capability. However, existing accelerators can be severely underutilized even with pipelines, due to the oversight of the skewed execution times of various GCN stages and the ignorance of skewed degrees of graph vertices. In this work, we propose GOPIM, a GCN-oriented pipeline optimization for PIM accelerators to expedite GCN training. First, GOPIM proposes an ML-based scheme that allocates crossbar resources to the most needed stages to streamline the overall pipeline. Second, GOPIM utilizes a selective vertex updating technique that evenly distributes vertices on crossbars by interleaved mapping. These techniques collectively reduce the overall execution time without losing much accuracy. We also provide a practical architecture design for GOPIM. Our experimental results show that, GoPIM achieves up to 191 × speedup and 16.1 × energy saving, compared to the state-of-the-art work.

关键词： Training Accuracy Graph convolutional networks Pipelines Energy conservation Computer architecture Machine learning Parallel processing Optimization

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Dynamic Graph Transformer with Correlated Spatial-Temporal Positional Encoding 25

Dynamic Graph Transformer with Correlated Spatial-Temporal P...

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18th ACM International Conference on Web Search and data Mining, WSDM 2025

作者： Wang, Zhe Zhou, Sheng Chen, Jiawei Zhang, Zhen Hu, Binbin Feng, Yan Chen, Chun Wang, Can Zhejiang University College of Computer Science Hangzhou China Zhejiang University School of Software Technology Ningbo China Zhejiang University The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Hangzhou China National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Ant Group Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713293

Learning effective representations for Continuous-Time Dynamic Graphs (CTDGs) has garnered significant research interest, largely due to its powerful capabilities in modeling complex interactions between nodes. A fundamental and crucial requirement for representation learning in CTDGs is the appropriate estimation and preservation of proximity. However, due to the sparse and evolving characteristics of CTDGs, the spatial-temporal properties inherent in high-order proximity remain largely unexplored. Despite its importance, this property presents significant challenges due to the computationally intensive nature of personalized interaction intensity estimation and the dynamic attributes of CTDGs. To this end, we propose a novel Correlated Spatial-Temporal Positional encoding that incorporates a parameter-free personalized interaction intensity estimation under the weak assumption of the Poisson Point Process. Building on this, we introduce the Dynamic Graph Transformer with Correlated Spatial-Temporal Positional Encoding (CorDGT), which efficiently retains the evolving spatial-temporal high-order proximity for effective node representation learning in CTDGs. Extensive experiments on seven small and two large-scale datasets demonstrate the superior performance and scalability of the proposed CorDGT. The code is available at: https://***/wangz3066/CorDGT. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Encoding (symbols)

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Towards LLM Guardrails via Sparse Representation Steering

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Zeqing Wang, Zhibo Xu, Huiyu Ren, Kui The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain Data Security Zhejiang University China School of Cyber Science and Technology Zhejiang University China

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in natural language generation tasks, yet their uncontrolled outputs pose significant ethical and safety risks. Recently, representation engineering methods have shown promising results in steering model behavior by modifying the rich semantic information encoded in activation vectors. However, due to the difficulty of precisely disentangling semantic directions within high-dimensional representation space, existing approaches suffer from three major limitations: lack of fine-grained control, quality degradation of generated content, and poor interpretability. To address these challenges, we propose a sparse encoding-based representation engineering method, named SRE, which decomposes polysemantic activations into a structured, monosemantic feature space. By leveraging sparse autoencoding, our approach isolates and adjusts only task-specific sparse feature dimensions, enabling precise and interpretable steering of model behavior while preserving content quality. We validate our method on three critical domains, i.e., safety, fairness, and truthfulness using the open-source LLM Gemma-2-2B-it. Experimental results show that SRE achieves superior controllability while maintaining the overall quality of generated content (i.e., controllability and quality), demonstrating its effectiveness as a fine-grained and interpretable activation steering framework. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Guard rails

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Multi-stage query-based feature generating and encoding for robust early action recognition

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Visual Computer 2025年 1-17页

作者： Chen, Jie Pan, Wei-Xiang Zhang, Hong-Bo Lin, Ming-Xuan Lei, Qing Liu, Jing-Hua Department of Computer Science and Technology Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China Fujxian Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligence and Security Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China

This paper proposes a novel early action recognition (EAR) method based on multi-stage query-based feature generation and encoding. Existing EAR approaches often struggle with the similarity of initial action features, making it challenging to accurately extract discriminative information. To address this, our method divides the unobserved feature reconstruction process into multiple sub-stages, with each stage focusing on generating and restoring a small segment of action information. This segmentation strategy ensures that the reconstructed action information is more consistent with real-world scenarios. Furthermore, we introduce a query encoding network to model the relationships between sub-stage action features, effectively integrating them to enrich feature representations, enhance model generalization, and improve sequence coherence. Experimental results on public datasets HMDB51 and UCF101 demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving robust and accurate early action recognition. Specifically, its ability to handle action progression under different observation rates also specifically reflects the robustness of the proposed method. The code of this work is publicly available at https://***/Chenjie0921/Multiple-stage. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Early action recognition Multi-stage query Query encoding Unobserved feature reconstruction

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EPRFL:An Efficient Privacy-Preserving and Robust Federated Learning Scheme for Fog Computing

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China Communications 2025年第4期22卷 202-222页

作者： Ke Zhijie Xie Yong Syed Hamad Shirazi Li Haifeng School of Computer Technology and Application Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China School of Computer and Information Science Qinghai Institute of TechnologyXining 810016China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Security Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Information Technology Hazara UniversityBaffa 21110Pakistan Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data in Finance and Artificial Intelligence Application Technology Xining 810016China

Federated learning(FL)is a distributed machine learning paradigm that excels at preserving data privacy when using data from multiple *** combined with Fog Computing,FL offers enhanced capabilities for machine learning applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementing FL across large-scale distributed fog networks presents significant challenges in maintaining privacy,preventing collusion attacks,and ensuring robust data *** address these challenges,we propose an Efficient Privacy-preserving and Robust Federated Learning(EPRFL)scheme for fog computing ***,we first propose an efficient secure aggregation strategy based on the improved threshold homomorphic encryption algorithm,which is not only resistant to model inference and collusion attacks,but also robust to fog node ***,we design a dynamic gradient filtering method based on cosine similarity to further reduce the communication *** minimize training delays,we develop a dynamic task scheduling strategy based on comprehensive *** analysis demonstrates that EPRFL offers robust security and low *** experimental results indicate that EPRFL outperforms similar strategies in terms of privacy preserving,model performance,and resource efficiency.

关键词： federated learning fog computing internet of things privacy-preserving robustness

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