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Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning for quality assessment of apples with different bagging types

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2025年 343卷 126443页

作者： Hongyan Zhu Shuai Qin Shikai Liang Min Su Pengcheng Wang Yong He Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips School of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems (Guangxi Normal University) Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guilin 541004 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541000 China College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

This study examined how different bagging types (unbagged, mesh-bagged, and paper-bagged) affect the internal and external quality of fruits. Spectral images of 307 apples were collected using a visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging system, and differences in color, size, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and aroma were analyzed. The effectiveness of various algorithms for extracting effective wavelengths was compared. Developed apple quality inspection models using various machine learning algorithms, achieving the best-performing model, CARS-MLR, with all indicators having an R 2 p greater than 0.75. The results revealed significant differences in quality indicators based on bagging type, with paper-bagged apples showing the best overall quality—brighter color, moderate size and firmness, and rich aroma. This suggests that hyperspectral imaging, feature selection algorithms and machine learning methods, is an effective approach for non-destructive quality assessment of apples. This research offers valuable insights for assessing the quality of other fruits with different bagging types.

关键词： Apple Aroma components Different bagging types Hyperspectral imaging Machine learning

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Moiré cavity quantum electrodynamics

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Science Advances 2025年第21期11卷 eadv8115页

作者： Wang, Yu-Tong Ye, Qi-Hang Yan, Jun-Yong Qiao, Yufei Liu, Yu-Xin Ye, Yong-Zheng Chen, Chen Cheng, Xiao-Tian Li, Chen-Hui Zhang, Zi-Jian Huang, Cheng-Nian Meng, Yun Zou, Kai Zhan, Wen-Kang Zhao, Chao Hu, Xiaolong Tee, Clarence Augustine T.H. Sha, Wei E.I. Huang, Zhixiang Liu, Huiyun Jin, Chao-Yuan Ying, Lei Liu, Feng State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Physics Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Zhejiang University Haining314400 China School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Ministry of Education Tianjin300072 China Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing101804 China College of Physics and Electrical Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Hangzhou310058 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei230039 China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou311200 China

Quantum emitters are a key component in photonic quantum technologies. Enhancing single-photon emission by engineering their photonic environment is essential for improving overall efficiency in quantum information processing. However, this enhancement is often limited by the need for ultraprecise emitter placement within conventional photonic cavities. Inspired by the fascinating physics of moiré pattern, we propose a multilayer moiré photonic crystal with a robust isolated flatband. Theoretical analysis reveals that, with nearly infinite photonic density of states, the moiré cavity simultaneously has a high Purcell factor and large tolerance over the emitter’s position, breaking the constraints of conventional cavities. We then experimentally demonstrate various cavity quantum electrodynamic phenomena with a quantum dot in moiré cavity. A large tuning range (up to 40-fold) of quantum dot’s radiative lifetime is achieved through strong Purcell enhancement and inhibition effects. Our findings open the door for moiré flatband cavity–enhanced quantum light sources and quantum nodes for the quantum internet. Copyright © 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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Complex Organic Molecules Formation in Cold Cores on Stochastically Heated Grains

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Long-Fei Chang, Qiang Wang, Yao Li, Di Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences 20A Datun Road Chaoyang District Beijing100101 China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo255000 China Purple Mountain Observatory and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 Yuanhua Road Nanjing210023 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban4000 South Africa

We investigate the roles of stochastic grain heating in the formation of complex organic molecules (COMs) in cold cores, where COMs have been detected. Two different types of grain-size distributions are used in the chemical models. The first one is the MRN distribution, and the second one considers grain coagulation to study its effects on the chemical evolution in these environments. The macroscopic Monte Carlo method is used to perform the two-phase chemical model simulations. We find that (1) grain coagulation can affect certain gas-phase species, such as CO2 and N2H+, in the cold core environments, which can be attributed to the volatile precursors originating from the small grains with temperature fluctuations;(2) grains with radii around 4.6 × 10−3 µm contribute most to the production of COMs on dust grains under cold core conditions, while few species can be formed on even smaller grains with radii less than 2 × 10−3 µm;(3) COMs formed on stochastically heated grains could help explain the observed abundances of gas-phase COMs in cold cores. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coagulation

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Observation of anti-Klein tunneling of chiral phonons

引用

Science Bulletin 2025年

作者： Hongzhu Li Yang Liu Qian Ding Tianzhi Yang Chenglin Han Mengxin He Jian-Hua Jiang Ying Li Department of Mechanics Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China School of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou 215123 China School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Electromagnetic Control and Advanced Electronic Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China

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Abundance ratios of OH/CO and HCO+/CO as probes of the cosmic ray ionization rate in diffuse clouds

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Gan Zhang, Zhi-Yu Bisbas, Thomas G. Li, Di Zhou, Ping Tang, Ningyu Wang, Junzhi Zuo, Pei Yue, Nannan School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Ministry of Education Nanjing210093 China Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban4000 South Africa Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Anhui Wuhu241002 China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning530004 China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District Beijing100871 China University of Western Australia CrawleyWA6009 Australia

The cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR, ζ2) is one of the key parameters controlling the formation and destruction of various molecules in molecular clouds. However, the current most commonly used CRIR tracers, such as H+3 , OH+, and H2O+, are hard to detect and require the presence of background massive stars for absorption measurements. In this work, we propose an alternative method to infer the CRIR in diffuse clouds using the abundance ratios of OH/CO and HCO+/CO. We have analyzed the response of chemical abundances of CO, OH, and HCO+ on various environmental parameters of the interstellar medium in diffuse clouds and found that their abundances are proportional to ζ2. Our analytic expressions give an excellent calculation of the abundance of OH for ζ2 ≤10−15 s−1, which are potentially useful for modelling chemistry in hydrodynamical simulations. The abundances of OH and HCO+ were found to monotonically decrease with increasing density, while the CO abundance shows the opposite trend. With high-sensitivity absorption transitions of both CO (1–0) and (2–1) lines from ALMA, we have derived the H2 number densities (nH2) toward 4 line-of-sights (LOSs);assuming a kinetic temperature of Tk = 50 K, we find a range of (0.14±0.03–1.2±0.1)×102 cm−3. By comparing the observed and modelled HCO+/CO ratios, we find that ζ2 in our diffuse gas sample is in the range of 1.0+14−1.08 ×10−16 − 2.5−+1244 ×10−15 s−1. This is ∼2 times higher than the average value measured at higher extinction, supporting an attenuation of CRs as suggested by theoretical models. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clouds

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Investigating 16 Open Clusters in the Kepler/K2 - Gaia DR3 field. I. Membership, Binary, and Rotation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Long, Liu Bi, Shaolan Zhang, Jinghua Zhang, Xianfei Zhang, Liyun Ge, Zhishuai Li, Tanda Chen, Xunzhou Li, YaGuang Ye, LiFei Sun, TianCheng Zhou, JianZhao Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Beijing102206 China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan University Chenggong District Kunming650500 China College of Physics Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Beijing Planetarium Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing100044 China Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China School of Physics University of Sydney NSW2006 Australia Stellar Astrophysics Centre Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 120 Aarhus CDK-8000 Denmark

Using data from the Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) and Kepler/K2, we present a catalog of 16 open clusters with ages ranging from 4 to 4000 Myr, which provides detailed information on membership, binary systems, and rotation. We assess the memberships in 5D phase space, and estimate the basic parameters of each cluster. Among the 20,160 members, there are 4,381 stars identified as binary candidates and 49 stars as blue straggler stars. The fraction of binaries vary in each cluster, and the range between 9% to 44%. We obtain the rotation periods of 5,467 members, of which 4,304 are determined in this work. To establish a benchmark for the rotation-age-color relation, we construct color-period diagrams. We find that the rotational features of binaries are similar to that of single stars, while features for binaries are more scattered in the rotation period. Moreover, the morphology of the color-period relationship is already established for Upper Scorpius at the age of 19 Myr, and some stars of varying spectral types (i.e. FG-, K-, and M-type) show different spin-down rates after the age of ∼ 110 Myr. By incorporating the effects of stalled spin-down into our analysis, we develop an empirical rotation-age-color relation, which is valid with ages between 700 - 4000 Myr and colors corresponding to a range of 0.5 BP − GRP)0 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Color

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Unified Multi-Modal Image Synthesis for Missing Modality Imputation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Yue Peng, Chengtao Wang, Qiuli Song, Dan Li, Kaiyan Kevin Zhou, S. the School of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science China Anhui Hefei230026 China Suzhou Institute for Advance Research USTC Suzhou Jiangsu215123 China Anhui Hefei230026 China Suzhou Institute for Advance Research USTC Suzhou Jiangsu215123 China the Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry USTC Anhui Hefei230026 China Institute of Computing Technology CAS China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China the 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center Department of Radiology Southwest Hospital Army Medical University Third Military Medical University Chongqing400038 China the School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Multi-modal medical images provide complementary soft-tissue characteristics that aid in the screening and diagnosis of diseases. However, limited scanning time, image corruption and various imaging protocols often result in incomplete multi-modal images, thus limiting the usage of multi-modal data for clinical purposes. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel unified multimodal image synthesis method for missing modality imputation. Our method overall takes a generative adversarial architecture, which aims to synthesize missing modalities from any combination of available ones with a single model. To this end, we specifically design a Commonality- and Discrepancy-Sensitive Encoder for the generator to exploit both modality-invariant and specific information contained in input modalities. The incorporation of both types of information facilitates the generation of images with consistent anatomy and realistic details of the desired distribution. Besides, we propose a Dynamic Feature Unification Module to integrate information from a varying number of available modalities, which enables the network to be robust to random missing modalities. The module performs both hard integration and soft integration, ensuring the effectiveness of feature combination while avoiding information loss. Verified on two public multi-modal magnetic resonance datasets, the proposed method is effective in handling various synthesis tasks and shows superior performance compared to previous methods. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diagnosis

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CATI: A medical context-enhanced framework for diagnosis code assignment in the UK Biobank study

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Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 2025年 166卷 103136-103136页

作者： Shen, Yue Wang, Jie Wang, Zhe Shi, Zhihao Chen, Hanzhu Wang, Zheng Jiang, Yukang Wang, Xiaopu Cheng, Chuandong Wang, Xueqin Zhu, Hongtu Ye, Jieping MoE Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Perception and Cognition University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230027 China Alibaba Cloud Computing Zhejiang Hangzhou310030 China Department of Radiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC27599 United States School of Management University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230027 China Biomedical Research Imaging Center Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC27599 United States Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230027 China

Diagnosis codes are standard code format of diseases or medical conditions. This study is aimed at assigning diagnosis codes to patients in large-scale biobanks, particularly addressing the issue of missing codes for some patients. This is crucial for downstream disease-related tasks. While recent methods primarily rely on structured biobank data for code assignment, they often overlook the valuable medical context provided by textual information in the biobanks and hierarchical structure of the disease coding system. To address this gap, we have developed CATI, a medical context-enhanced framework for diagnosis Code Assignment by integrating Textual details derived from key features and disease hIerarchy. The study is based on the UK Biobank data and considers Phecodes and ICD-10 codes as standard disease formats. We start by representing ten informative codified features using their formal names and then integrate them into CATI as text embeddings, achieved through prompt tuning on the pre-trained language model BioBERT. Recognizing the hierarchical structure of diagnosis codes, we have developed a novel convolution layer in our method that effectively propagates logits between adjacent diagnosis codes. Evaluation results demonstrate that CATI outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of both Phecodes and ICD-10 codes, boasting at least a 5.16% improvement in average AUROC for unseen disease codes and an 8.68% rise in average AUPRC for disease codes with training instances ranging in (1000,10000]. This framework contributes to the formation of well-defined cohorts for downstream studies and offers a unique perspective for addressing complex healthcare tasks by incorporating vital medical context. © 2025

关键词： Diseases

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α-enhanced Astrochemistry: The Carbon cycle in extreme galactic conditions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Bisbas, Thomas G. Zhang, Zhi-Yu Gjergo, Eda Zhao, Ying-He Luo, Gan Quan, Donghui Jiang, Xue-Jian Sun, Yichen Topkaras, Theodoros Li, Di Guo, Ziyi Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311100 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing University Ministry of Education Nanjing China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming650011 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences A20 Datun Road Chaoyang District Beijing100101 China Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique Domaine Universitaire de Grenoble 300 rue de la Piscine Saint-Martin d'Héres38406 France Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 150 Science 1-Street Urumqi830011 China I. Physikalisches Institut Universität zu Köln Zülpicher Straße 77 Köln50937 Germany CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban4000 South Africa

Astrochemistry has been widely developed as a power tool to probe physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in various conditions of the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy, and in near and distant galaxies. Most current studies conventionally apply linear scaling to all elemental abundances based on the gas-phase metallicity. However, these elements, including carbon and oxygen, are enriched differentially by stellar nucleosynthesis and the overall galactic chemical evolution, evident from α-enhancement in multiple galactic observations such as starbursts, high-redshift star-forming galaxies, and low-metallicity dwarfs. We perform astrochemical modeling to simulate the impact of an α-enhanced ISM gas cloud on the abundances of the three phases of carbon (C+, C, CO) dubbed as 'the carbon cycle'. The ISM environmental parameters considered include two cosmic-ray ionization rates (ζCR = 10−17 and 10−15 s−1), two isotropic FUV radiation field strengths (χ/χ0 = 1 and 102), and (sub-)linear dust-to-gas relations against metallicity, mimicking the ISM conditions of different galaxy types. In galaxies with [C/O] + all decrease in both abundances and emission, though with differential biases. The low-J CO emission is found to be the most stable tracer for the molecular gas, while C and C+ trace H2 gas only under limited conditions, in line with recent discoveries of [Ci]-dark galaxies. We call for caution when using [Cii] 158μm and [Ci](1-0) as alternative H2-gas tracers for both diffuse and dense gas with non-zero [C/O] ratios. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Age of FGK Dwarfs Observed with LAMOST and GALAH: Considering the Oxygen Enhancement

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Sun, Tiancheng Ge, Zhishuai Chen, Xunzhou Bi, Shaolan Li, Tanda Zhang, Xianfei Li, Yaguang Wu, Yaqian Bird, Sarah A. Ferguson, J.W. Zhou, Jianzhao Ye, Lifei Long, Liu Zhang, Jinghua Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Beijing102206 China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing Planetarium Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing100044 China Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom School of Physics University of Sydney NSW2006 Australia Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences A20 Datun Rd. Chaoyang District Beijing100101 China Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences China Three Gorges University Yichang443002 China Department of Physics Wichita State University WichitaKS67260-0032 United States

Varying oxygen abundance could impact the modeling-inferred ages. This work aims to estimate the ages of dwarfs considering observed oxygen abundance. To characterize 67,503 LAMOST and 4,006 GALAH FGK-type dwarf stars, we construct a grid of stellar models which take into account oxygen abundance as an independent model input. Compared with ages determined with commonly-used α-enhanced models, we find a difference of ∼9% on average when the observed oxygen abundance is considered. The age differences between the two types of models are correlated to [Fe/H] and [O/α], and they are relatively significant on stars with [Fe/H] −0.6 dex. Generally, varying 0.2 dex in [O/α] will alter the age estimates of metal-rich (−0.2 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stars

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