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Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 737-748页

作者： Zemin Xi Baoliang Chen Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang University

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.

关键词： plant residue biosorbent modification sorption polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons wastewater treatment

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Effect of surfactant on phenanthrene metabolic kinetics by Citrobacter sp. SA01

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2298-2306页

作者： Feng Li Lizhong Zhu Dong Zhang Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process Control Zhejiang Yuying College

To attain a better understanding of the effects of surfactants on the metabolic kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds, the biodegradation of phenanthrene by Citrobacter sp. SA01 was investigated in a batch experiment containing Tween 80, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and liquid mineral salt medium. The Monod model was modified to effectively describe the partition, phenanthrene biodegradation and biopolymer production. The results showed that Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （each at 50 rag/L） enhanced phenanthrene metabolism and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production as indicated by the increasing amounts of intermediates Coy 17.2% to 47.9%）, and percentages of poly-β- hydroxybutyrate （by 107.3% and 33.1%） within the cell dry weight when compared to their absence. The modified Monod model was capable of predicting microbial growth, phenanthrene depletion and biopolymer production. Furthermore, the Monod kinetic coefficients were largely determined by the surfactant-enhanced partition, suggesting that partitioning is a critical process in surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of hydro- phobic organic compounds.

关键词： Phenanthrene Biodegradation Surfactant Kinetics Citrobacter sp.

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Formaldehyde concentration and its influencing factors in residential homes after decoration at Hangzhou,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期25卷 908-915页

作者： Min Guo Xiaoqiang Pei Feifei Mo Jianlei Liu Xueyou Shen Department of Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang Taohuayuan Environmental Engineering Company Limited Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control

Air pollution surveys of formaldehyde（HCHO） were conducted in 2324 rooms decorated within one year in 2007-2009 in Hangzhou,*** mean HCHO concentration（C HCHO） was 0.107 ± 0.095 mg/m 3,and 38.9% of samples exceeded the Chinese National Standard GB *** the past 3 years,the C HCHO decreased with time（p 〈 0.05）.Relationships of potential factors to indoor C HCHO were also evaluated.C HCHO was related to temperature（T）,relative humidity（RH）,time duration of the windows and doors being closed before sampling（DC）,time duration from the end of decoration to sampling（DR） and source characteristics（d）.A model to relate indoor C HCHO to these five factors（T,RH,DC,DR,d） was established based on 298 samples（R 2 = 0.87）.Various factors contributed to C HCHO in the following order：T,43.7%;d,31.0%;DC,10.2%;DR,8.0%;RH,7.0%;specifically,meteorological conditions（i.e.,RH plus T） accounted for 50.7%.The coefficient of T and RH,R TH,was proposed to describe their combined influence on HCHO emission,which also had a linear relationship（R 2 = 0.9387） with HCHO release in a simulation chamber *** addition,experiments confirm that it is a synergistic action as T and RH accelerate the release of HCHO,and that is a significant factor influencing indoor HCHO *** achievements could lead to reference values of measures for the efficient reduction of indoor HCHO pollution.

关键词： formaldehyde indoor air quality emission factor analysis temperature relative humidity

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Effect of central ventilation and air conditioner system on the concentration and health risk from airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第3期25卷 531-536页

作者： Jinze Lv Lizhong Zhu Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control

Central ventilation and air conditioner systems are widely utilized nowadays in public places for air exchange and temperature control,which significantly influences the transfer of pollutants between indoors and *** study the effect of central ventilation and air conditioner systems on the concentration and health risk from airborne pollutants,a spatial and temporal survey was carried out using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） as agent *** the period when the central ventilation system operated without air conditioning （AC-off period）,concentrations of 2-4 ring PAHs in the model supermarket were dominated by outdoor levels,due to the good linearity between indoor air and outdoor air （rp〉0.769,p〈0.05）,and the slopes （1.2-4.54） indicated that ventilating like the model supermarket increased the potential health risks from low molecular weight *** the period when the central ventilation and air conditioner systems were working simultaneously （AC-on period）,although the total levels of PAHs were increased,the concentrations and percentage of the particulate PAHs indoors declined *** BaP equivalency （BaPeq） concentration indicated that utilization of air conditioning reduced the health risks from PAHs in the model supermarket.

关键词： particulate gaseous PAHs health risk public place

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Removal of dispersant-stabilized carbon nanotubes by regular coagulants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第8期24卷 1364-1370页

作者： Ni Liu Changli Liu Jing Zhang Daohui Lin Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Hangzhou 310058China

Coagulation followed by sedimentation, as a conventional technique in the water treatment plant, can be the first line of defense against exposures of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） to aquatic organisms and human beings, which has been rarely documented. This study investigated the removal of dispersant-stabilized CNT suspensions by poly aluminum chloride （PAC1） and KAl（SO4）2-12H20 （alum）, with a focus on the effects of dispersant type, coagulant type and dosage. PAC1 performed better than alum in the removal of tannic acid-, humic acid-, and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate-stabilized CNTs, but worse for polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether （TX100）-stabilized CNTs. Neither coagulant could effectively precipitate cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-stabilized CNTs. The removal by PACl first increased up to a plateau and then decreased with the continued increase of coagulant dosage. However, the removal rates leveled off but did not decrease after achieving their highest level with the continued addition of alum. The coagulation and flocculation of the CNT suspensions by PACl could be regulated mainly by the mechanism of adsorption charge neutralization, whereas the coagulation by alum mainly involved electrical double-layer compression.

关键词： water treatment coagulants nanomaterial surfactant natural organic matter

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Sorption of phenanthrene to biochar modified by base

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 5-15页

作者： Zhengjun Feng Lizhong Zhu Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Hangzhou 310058 China

Biochar （BC） is a potential material for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons t^om soil and water, and base modification is a promising method for improving its sorption ability. In this study, we synthesized a series of base-modified biochars, and evaluated their sorption of phenanthrene. Original biochars were produced by pyrolysis of three feedstocks （rice straw, wood and bamboo） at five temperatures （300~C, 350~C, 400~C, 500~C and 700~C）. Base-modified biochars were further obtained by washing ofbiochars with base solution. The base soluble carbon （SC） was extracted from the supernatant, which were only obtained from biochars pyrolyzed at low temperatures （〈 500~C） and the content was decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The SC content between different feedstocks followed the trend office straw〉wood〉bamboo when same pyrolysis conditions were applied, It was tbund that base modification improved the sorption of phenanthrene on biochars that SC could be extracted from （extractable-BCs）. However, base treatment but had limited effects for biochars that no SC could be extracted from. It suggested that base modification improved the sorption of phenanthrene to extractable-BCs by removing the SC and thus increasing the surface area and hydrophobicity. Therefore, base modification was suggested to be used in modifying extractable-BCs.

关键词： BiocharBase modificationPhenanthrene

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Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 219-228页

作者： Pu ZHAO Lizhong ZHU Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Hangzhou 310058 China

Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds （VOCs）. However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity （RH） conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure （PCH） adsorbents with various ratios ofmicropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorp- tion of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capabil- ity, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg. g-l, eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon （AC）. Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification.

关键词： porous clay heterostmcture volatile organiccompounds adsorption adsorbent indoor air

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Adsorption characteristics of ciprofloxacin onto g-MoS2 coated biochar nanocomposites

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 49-58页

作者： Zhenyu Yang Rong Xing Wenjun Zhou Lizhong Zhu Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Hangzhou 310058China

The g-MoS2 coated biochar(g-MoS2-BC)composites were synthesized by coating original biochar with g-MoS2 nanosheets at 300℃(BC300)/700℃(BC700).The adsorption properties of the g-MoS2-BC composites for ciprofloxacin(CIP)were investigated with an aim to exploit its high efficiency toward soil *** specific surface area and the pore structures of biochar coated g-MoS2 nanosheets were significantly *** g-MoS2-BC composites provided more n electrons,which was favorable in enhancing the n-n electron donor-acceptor(EDA)interactions between CIP and *** a result,the g-MoS2-BC composites showed faster adsorption rate and greater adsorption capacity for CIP than the original *** coated g-MoS2 nanosheets contributed more to CIP adsorption on the g-MoS2-BC composites due to their greater CIP adsorption capacity than the original ***,the synergistic effect was observed for CIP adsorption on g-MoS2-BC700,and suppression effect on *** addition,the adsorption of CIP onto g-MoS2-BC composites also exhibited strong dependence on the solution pH,since it can affect both the adsorbent surface charge and the speciation of *** was reasonably suggested that the mechanisms of CIP adsoiption on g-MoS2-BC composites involved pore-filling effects,k-k EDA interaction,electrostatic interaction,and ion exchange *** results are useful for the modification of biochar in exploiting the novel amendment for contaminated soils.

关键词： Adsorption Ciprofloxacin g-MoS2 nanosheets Biochar Soil remediation

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Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite in a one-step process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第2期24卷 248-253页

作者： Zhenhua Wu Lizhong Zhu Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process Control Hangzhou 310028 China

The optimal condition for a one-step process removing organic compounds from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite as a pretreatment was *** showed that sorption of organic compounds by organobentonite was positively correlated to the cation surfactant exchange on the bentonite and the octanol-water partition coefficient（Kow） of the *** 0.75 g/L bentonite and 180 mg/L（60% of bentonite cation exchange capacity） cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,the removal efficiencies of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAHs） specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency in coking wastewater except naphthalene were more than 90%,and that of benzo（a）pyrene was 99.5%.At the same time,the removal efficiencies of CODCr,NH3-N,volatile phenols,colour and turbidity were 28.6%,13.2%,8.9%,55% and 84.3%,respectively,and the ratio of BOD5/CODCr increased from 0.31 to *** results indicated that the one-step process had high removal efficiency for toxic and refractory hydrophobic organic compounds,and could improve the biodegradability of the coking *** it could be a promising technology for the pretreatment of toxic and refractory organic wastewater.

关键词： one-step process coking wastewater bentonite surfactant sorption

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Reactive oxygen species as quantitative indicator of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年

作者： Shunyi Zhou Huijie Lu Shuyan Wang Lizhong Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Hangzhou 310058 China

The global spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses threat to public health and environmental safety. Rapid quantification of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria is crucial for mitigating resistance development. In this study, an innovative reactive oxygen species-based antibiotic susceptibility testing method (ROS-AST) was developed, leveraging the newly discovered temporal variations and dose-response relationship of ROS in bacteria under antibiotic stress. Specifically, bacteria exposed to antibiotics at varied concentrations generate different levels of intracellular ROS. The antibiotic concentration resulting in the maximum ROS accumulation (around 3 h) closely correlated with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Therefore, ROS-AST allows rapid MIC estimation and antibiotic resistance risk assessment within 4 h, faster than the microbroth dilution method (≥16 h). It achieved high accuracy (7.23±13.43 %) across 3 classes of antibiotics and 26 environmental bacteria, with MICs ranging from 0.03 to 128 µg/mL. ROS-AST also facilitated a semi-quantitative assessment of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities from water and soil, yielding results consistent with the disk diffusion method, where wastewater communities exhibited the highest resistance. In a wastewater-isolated E. coli exposed to prolonged low-level kanamycin, ROS accumulation in the first six days coincided with reversible resistance, which was considered as a window period for controlling resistance. Transcriptomics further elucidated the mechanisms underlying ROS dynamics, including stress responses (reversible evolution) and enhanced reductive processes to eliminate ROS (irreversible evolution). This study highlights the potentials of ROS-AST in indicating antibiotic resistance and resistance reversibility in environmental bacteria, offering insights into antibiotic resistance mitigation in the environment.

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