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I see sick people: Beliefs about sensory detection of infectious disease are largely consistent across cultures

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2025年 128卷 737-750页

作者： Ackerman, Joshua M. Samore, Theodore Fessler, Daniel M.T. Kupfer, Tom R. Choi, Soyeon Merrell, Wilson N. Aarøe, Lene Aavik, Toivo Acabado, Stephen Akello, Grace Alfian, Ilham N. Al-Shawaf, Laith Alvarez, Marinés M. Ammann, Jeanine Arikan, Gizem Asha, Saiyeda A. Astobiza, Anibal M. Baeza-Ugarte, Carmen G. Barclay, Pat Barlow, Fiona Kate Bizarro, Lisiane Bressan, Paola Castellanos-Chacón, Andres Choy, Bryan K.C. Chusairi, Achmad Contreras-Garduño, Jorge Chávez Cosamalón, Brenda L. Costa-Neves, Bernardo De, Mallika de Lima, Tiago J.S. de Zoysa, Piyanjali Dryžaitė, Ieva Elbæk, Christian T. Fedor, Peter Fernández, Ana M. Fernandez-Morales, Regina Fülöp, Márta Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado Garcia-Gómez, Leonor Garcia-Marques, Leonel Garduño-Franco, Jimena Pilar Grazioso, María del Habacht, Fanny Hasan, Youssef Haugestad, Camila P. Haugestad, Christian A.P. Havlíček, Jan Hernandez, Earl J. Hoang, Vu M. Hong, Minsung Hromatko, Ivana Iliško, Dzintra Imada, Hirotaka Jakšić, Ivana Jarmakowski, Tomasz Hjördísar Jónsdóttir, Harpa L. Kajokaite, Kotrina Kaňková, Šárka Kervyn, Nicolas Kim, Jinseok P. Kunst, Jonas R. Laakasuo, Michael Leongómez, Juan David Li, Norman P. Lu, Junsong Lynch, Nathan Maegli, María A. Manley, Harry Marcu, Gabriela McAfee, Thea Mitkidis, Panagiotis Molnár, Nándor B. Morvinski, Coby Muhamad, Haslina Nejat, Pegah Huy, Hoang Nguyen Oliveira, Angelica N. Olsson, Mats J. Onyishi, Charity N. Onyishi, Ike E. Orozco, Reegan Otterbring, Tobias Ottersen, Ida S. Pacheco-López, Gustavo Panagiotopoulou, Penny Paniagua, Walter Parvin, Roksana Pavlović, Zoran Prokop, Pavol Raffman, Emma Rizwan, Muhammad Rojas, Sheila Różycka-Tran, Joanna Sánchez, Oscar R. Selim, Heyla Sevi, Barış Shani, Yaniv Shastry, Madhulika S. Stieger, Stefan Suh, Eunkook M. Sumari, Melati Takemura, Kosuke Tognetti, Arnaud Trombetta, Roberta Z.R. Tybur, Joshua M. Ucak, Eylul B. Uchida, Yukiko Valentova, Jaroslava V. Viciana, Hugo Visine, Amandine Wang, Jin Wang, XT Yahiiaiev, Illia I. Zein, Rizqy A. Žeželj, Iris Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Religion Programme University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Department of Anthropology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Center for Behavior Evolution & Culture University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Bedari Kindness Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University England Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Center for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Political Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Psychology Universitas Airlangga East Java Indonesia Department of Psychology University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO United States Department of Psychology Universidad del Valle Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Agroscope Research group Economic Modelling and Policy Analysis Ettenhausen Switzerland Department of Political Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Psychology International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Philosophy University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Psychology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada School of Psychology University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia Graduate Program in Psychology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul RS Porto Alegre Brazil Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy Faculty of Psychology Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia Ministry of Defence Singapore Sustainability and Education Policy Network Saskatoon SK Canada Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unid

Identifying cues to contagious disease is critical for effectively tracking and defending against interpersonal infection threats. People hold lay beliefs about the types of sensory information most relevant for identifying whether others are sick with transmissible illnesses. Are these beliefs universal, or do they vary along cultural and ecological dimensions? Participants in 58 countries (N = 19,217) judged how effective, and how likely they were to use, cues involving each of the five major sensory modalities in an imagined social interaction during a flu outbreak. Belief patterns were strongly consistent across countries (sight > audition > touch > smell > taste), suggesting a largely universal conceptualization of the role of sensory information for interpersonal respiratory disease detection. Results also support a safe senses hypothesis, with perceivers reporting that they would use senses that function at a distance—and thus reduce pathogen transmission risk—more than would be expected given participants’ beliefs as to the efficacy of these senses for disease detection. Where societal variation did emerge, it was captured by a cohesive set of socio-ecological factors, including human development, latitude, pathogen prevalence, and population density. Together, these findings reveal a shared lens through which contagious respiratory disease is assessed, one that prioritizes minimizing risk to perceivers, and may offer leverage for designing interventions to improve public health. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Behavioral immune system Culture Iterpersonal perception Pathogen threat Sensation Threat detection

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Bilateral oophorectomy and the probability of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among carriers of a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2

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International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2025年

作者： Chen Ji Shana J. Kim Raymond H. Kim Louise Bordeleau William D. Foulkes Seema Panchal Stephanie A. Cohen Sophie Sun Larissa McKetton Angela K. Troyer Ping Sun Steven A. Narod Joanne Kotsopoulos Human Biology Program Faculty of Arts and Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Research and Innovation Institute Women’s College Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology Princess Margaret Cancer Center Toronto Ontario Canada Division of Medical Oncology Juravinski Cancer Center Hamilton Ontario Canada Program in Cancer Genetics Department of Oncology and Human Genetics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Marvelle Koffler Breast Center Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada Cancer Genetics Risk Assessment Program Ascension St Vincent Indianapolis Indiana British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver British Columbia Canada Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Toronto Ontario Canada Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program Baycrest Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

Objectives Early surgical menopause is associated with a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment among women in the general population; this association has not been studied among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. This study aimed to describe the impact of clinical and host factors including bilateral oophorectomy on the probability of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among BRCA mutation carriers. Methods This cross-sectional study extends from a longitudinal observational study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer ongoing since 1995. Cogniciti Brain Health Assessment (BHA) was administered from 2017-2020 among 752 women in Canada and the United States with a BRCA mutation. A probability of amnestic mild cognitive impairment was derived from age at test completion and two memory task results from the BHA, and the probability was further categorized into high and low. Self-reported details on clinical and host factors were collected from biennial research questionnaires. Results There were 21 (2.8%) women with a high probability of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 731 (97.2%) women with a low probability. Women with a high probability were on average older at cognitive assessment (63.9 vs. 57.4 years; p < 0.001) and less likely to undergo oophorectomy for cancer prevention (55.0% vs. 86.3%; p < 0.001) compared to women with a low probability. Among those who underwent oophorectomy for cancer prevention, women with a high probability were older at surgery compared to those with a low probability (55.0 vs. 46.3 years; p = 0.04). Conclusion The findings suggest no short-term impact of bilateral oophorectomy on the probability of amnestic mild cognitive impairment among BRCA mutation carriers. A higher probability was predominantly attributed to an older age at cognitive assessment. It is prudent to continue to monitor this population for potential long-term adverse effects following preventive surgery or cancer treatment.

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Head injury assessment in youth men's rugby league players: An evaluation of game play characteristics and video review of potential concussion signs

JSAMS Plus

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JSAMS Plus 2024年 4卷 100072-100072页

作者： Gardner, Andrew J. Lang, Martin A. Edwards, Suzi Jones, Ben Iverson, Grant L. Terry, Douglas P. Sydney School of Health Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett University Leeds United Kingdom School of Medicine and Public Health College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia England Performance Unit Rugby Football League Manchester United Kingdom Division of Physiological Sciences Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town South Africa Premiership Rugby Limited London United Kingdom Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Charlestown MA United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation Charlestown MA United States Mass General Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program Boston MA United States Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN United States Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center Nashville TN United States Center for Cognitive Neurosurgical Studies Nashville TN United States

Background: Rugby league is a popular collision sport among Australian adolescent and young adult men. Concussion is one of the more common injuries in rugby league. Few studies have examined concussion in youth rugby league. To examine medically diagnosed concussions from a single season within two elite-level pathway rugby league competitions by evaluating game play risk factors and conducting a video review of potential concussion signs. Methods: All players involved in the Queensland Rugby League's (QRL) under 18 years and under 20 years age group competitions during the 2019 season were included in this study. Data included all head injury assessments (HIAs) identified in real-time through the QRL injury surveillance system for these two QRL age group competitions. The purpose of this study was to (i) report the rates of HIAs and medically diagnosed concussions;(ii) examine video signs of potential concussion;(iii) review game play risk factors related to HIAs and concussions;and (iv) determine the number of days until a concussed player returned to match play and the number of subsequent games missed by concussed players. Results: There were 86 HIAs and 30 medically diagnosed concussions from the two competitions. The concussion incidence was 2.93 per 1000 player match hours in the under 18-year age group and 5.75 per 1000 player match hours in the under 20-year age group. Slow to stand was the most commonly observed video sign (78.6%;22/28 concussions). Most concussed players (91%, 21/23) missed at least one subsequent game (M = 1.4, SD = 1.7, range = 0–7 games), with the average days to return-to-play being 15.7 (SD = 7.0, range = 7–41 days). Conclusions: In elite-level pathway rugby league, the incidences of HIAs and medically diagnosed concussions were higher in the under 20 age group than the under 18 age group. Both age groups had lower incidences of HIAs and concussions than professional adult rugby league players. Return-to-play following con

关键词： Concussion Injury surveillance Return to play Rugby league

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Support US OCTOPUS Act to keep octopuses wild

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2024年第6710期385卷 721-722页

作者： Jennifer Jacquet Becca Franks Peter Godfrey-Smith Walter Sanchez-Suarez Peter Abrams David Ainley Juan Jose Alava Saltos Kristin Andrews Maya F Bach Carl T Bergstrom Jonathan Birch Karen Bradshaw Daina Bray Kenneth Broad Cassandra M Brooks Lucas Brotz Culum Brown Heather Browning Gordon M Burghardt Mark Butler Craig Callender Robin Chadwin Katie Cramer Melissa Cronin Chris Darimont Nicolas Delon Samantha Derrick Jan Dutkiewicz Bart Elmore Gidon Eshel Kenneth Feeley Kristy Ferrero Rainer Froese Paul Greenburg Lori Gruen Matthew Hayek Keene Haywood Crystal Heath Kathy Hessler Alexandra Horowitz Natalie L Jacewicz Jeremy Jackson Dale Jamieson Ayana Johnson Adi Khen Barbara J King Andrew Knight Karen Kovaka Douglas A Kysar Elena Lara Oliver Lazarus Stefano B Longo Loredana Loy Giulia Malerbi Justin F Marceau Lori Marino Charles Mather Jennifer A Mather Douglas McCauley Loren McClenachan Sonali McDermid Susan K Mikota Vanessa J Mintzer Julia D Monk Sy Montgomery Viveca Morris Jamie Nakatani Deng Palomares Claire Paris Daniel Pauly Ana Siliva P Pedrazzani Diana Reiss Spencer Roberts Adam Roddy Helen M Rozwadowski Carl Safina Enric Sala Helen Scales Chris P Schlottmann Mindi Schneider Alex K Schnell Jeff Sebo Laurie Sellars Peter Singer Barbara B Smuts Lynne U Sneddon Tamler Sommers Danna Staaf Kristen A Stilt Daniel Suman Geoffrey Supran Annabelle Tao Ann C Thresher Aaron van Neste Cleo Verkuijl Christine Webb Michelle M Willette Mark Woods Katrina M Wyman Richard York Department of Environmental Science and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami Key Biscayne FL USA. Department of Environmental Studies New York University New York NY USA. School of History and Philosophy of Science University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia. Mercy For Animals Los Angeles CA USA. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. H.T. Harvey & Associates Los Gatos CA USA. School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada. Department of Philosophy York University Toronto ON Canada. Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Department of Philosophy Logic and Scientific Method London School of Economics and Political Science London UK. Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law Arizona State University Phoenix AZ USA. Law Ethics and Animals Program Yale Law School Yale University New Haven CT USA. The Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA. Department of Environmental Studies University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada. School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Macquarie Park NSW Australia. Department of Philosophy University of Southampton Southampton UK. Department of Psychology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA. Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute of the Environment Florida International University Miami FL USA. Department of Philosophy University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA. Pau France. Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA. Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA. Department of Geography University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada. Department of Philosophy College of Charleston Charleston SC USA. Plant Futu

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Neurodegenerative biomarkers of A-T+ compared to A+T+ and A-T- older adults

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S10期19卷

作者： Joon Hyung Jung Dahyun Yi Min Soo Byun Nayeong Kong Yoon Young Chang Musung Keum Gijung Jung Hyejin Ahn Jun-Young Lee Yun-Sang Lee Yu Kyeong Kim Kyoung Mi Kang Chul-Ho Sohn Dong Young Lee Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of South Korea Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of South Korea Seoul National University Dementia Research Center Seoul Republic of South Korea Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of South Korea Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Republic of South Korea Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science Seoul National University College of Humanities Seoul Republic of South Korea SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of South Korea Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of South Korea SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of South Korea

Background Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is a neuropathological entity with neurofibrillary tangles in the absence of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Recent advances in neuroimaging made it possible to identify amyloid PET-negative (A-) tau PET-positive (T+) condition as a possible candidate for PART in living human brains. We tried to investigate neurodegenerative biomarkers of A-T+ older adults compared to those of A+T+ and A-T- [corresponding to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and no AD pathology, respectively] individuals. Method A total of 156 older participants (64 cognitively normal, 43 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 49 dementia), were recruited from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE). All participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation and multimodal brain imaging including amyloid and tau PET, and MRI. Global PiB retention measured by 11C-PiB-PET and tau deposition in the regions corresponding to Braak stages measured by 18F-AV-1451 PET were used in this study. A+ was defined as global mean Aß deposition standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) > 1.4 and T+ was defined as tau burden corresponding to Braak stages I/II, III/IV, or V/VI. Hippocampal volume, AD-signature cortical thickness (AD-CT), AD-signature cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CM) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume were also measured as neurodegenerative biomarkers. Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age, gender, and APOE e4 positivity was used to investigate the group differences of neurodegenerative biomarkers. Result Of the 156 participants, 31 were defined as A-T-, 53 as A+T-, and 72 as A+T+. A-T+ group had higher levels of hippocampal volume (B = 683.448, p<0.001), AD-CT (B = 0.267, p<0.001) and AD-CM (B = 0.174, p<0.001), but not WMH volume (B = -1.188, p = 0.651), compared to A+T+ group. When compared to A-T- group, A-T+ group did not show significant difference in any of the neurode

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Sport Concussion Assessment Tool—5th Edition (SCAT5) normative reference values for professional men's rugby league players

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Journal of science and Medicine in Sport 2025年

作者： Gardner, Andrew J. Maietta, Julia E. Iverson, Grant L. Howell, David R. Bloomfield, Paul Fuller, Gordon W. Jones, Ben Lakisa, David R. Ravulo, Jioji Senituli, Shane Terry, Douglas P. Sydney School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Public Health The University of Sydney Australia Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett University United Kingdom Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School United States Mass General for Children Sports Concussion Program United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation United States Sports Medicine Center Children's Hospital Colorado Department of Orthopedics University of Colorado School of Medicine United States Manly Warringah Sea Eagles Rugby League Club National Rugby League Australia Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care Research School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield United Kingdom Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town South Africa School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Australian Catholic University Australia England Performance Unit Rugby Football League United Kingdom Premiership Rugby United Kingdom Talanoa Consultancy Pty Ltd. Australia Sydney School of Education and Social Work Faculty of Arts and Social Science The University of Sydney Australia Maximize Performance Psychology Australia Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center Vanderbilt University Center for Cognitive Neurosurgical Studies United States

Objectives: To provide normative reference values for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 5th Edition for elite-level male rugby league players. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: Baseline Sport... 详细信息

Objectives: To provide normative reference values for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 5^th Edition for elite-level male rugby league players. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: Baseline Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 5^th Edition scores were obtained from 1005 National Rugby League players during the 2018 and 2019 preseasons. Normative values were calculated for the Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Symptom Evaluation (i.e., severity and number), and the Modified Balance Error Scoring System for each group and in total. Players self-identified their cultural heritage or ethnicity to be ‘Pasifika (Pacific Islander) or Maori’ (n = 243;24.2 %) or ‘Indigenous Australian’ (n = 82;8.2 %). Those who identified as any other race, ethnicity, or cultural heritage were combined into a single group (n = 680;67.7 %). Results: In total the median Standardized Assessment of Concussion score was 27 (interquartile range = 25–28), the median symptom severity was 0 (interquartile range = 0–2), the median symptom number was 0 (interquartile range = 0–1), and the median the Modified Balance Error Scoring System error score was 3 (interquartile range = 1–5). Reporting 4 of 22 symptoms and 6 of 132 on the total severity score was uncommon. There was no significant difference between the cultural heritage or ethnicity groups for Standardized Assessment of Concussion scores, symptom severity or number, or Modified Balance Error Scoring System errors (p-values > 0.05). Conclusions: This normative data will assist with the clinical interpretation of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 5^th Edition scores following a concussion in the National Rugby League. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Brain concussion Clinical assessment Head injuries Rugby league SCAT5

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The enduring gap in educational attainment in schizophrenia according to the past 50 years of published research: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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The Lancet Psychiatry 2022年第7期9卷 565-573页

作者： Crossley, Nicolás A Alliende, Luz María Czepielewski, Leticia S Aceituno, David Castañeda, Carmen Paz Diaz, Camila Iruretagoyena, Barbara Mena, Carlos Mena, Cristian Ramirez-Mahaluf, Juan Pablo Tepper, Angeles Vasquez, Javiera Fonseca, Lais Machado, Viviane Hernández, Camilo E Vargas-Upegui, Cristian Gomez-Cruz, Gladys Kobayashi-Romero, Luis F Moncada-Habib, Tomas Arango, Celso Barch, Deanna M Carter, Cameron Correll, Christoph U Freimer, Nelson B McGuire, Philip Evans-Lacko, Sara Undurraga, Eduardo Bressan, Rodrigo Gama, Clarissa S Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos de la Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo Gonzalez-Valderrama, Alfonso Undurraga, Juan Gadelha, Ary Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile Department of Psychosis Studies Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London UK London United Kingdom Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience School of Medicine The University of Chicago Chicago IL United States Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry Centro de Pesquisa Clínica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Instituto Psicologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Psychiatry and Mental Health Service Complejo Asistencial Dr Sótero del Río Puente Alto Chile Early Intervention Program Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak Santiago Chile Pharmacovigilance Program Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak Santiago Chile Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Vitacura Chile Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London UK London United Kingdom School of Medicine Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago Chile Schizophrenia Program (PROESQ) Department of Psychiatry Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC) Department of Psychiatry Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Mexico City Mexico Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine Universidad Complutense CIBERSAM Madrid Spain School of Medicine University of Washington

Background: Educational attainment is associated with wellbeing and health, but patients with schizophrenia achieve lower levels of education than people without. Several effective interventions can ameliorate this situation. However, the magnitude of the education gap in schizophrenia and its change over time are unclear. We aimed to reconstruct the trajectories of educational attainment in patients with schizophrenia and, if reported, their healthy comparator controls. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis including all studies reporting on patients with schizophrenia (of mean age ≥18 years) and describing the number of years of education of the participants, with or without healthy controls. There were no other design constraints on studies. We excluded studies that included only patients with other schizophrenia spectrum disorders and studies that did not specify the number of years of education of the participants. 22 reviewers participated in retrieving data from a search in PubMed and PsycINFO (Jan 1, 1970, to Nov 24, 2020). We estimated the birth date of participants from their mean age and publication date, and meta-analysed these data using random-effects models, focusing on educational attainment, the education gap, and changes over time. The primary outcome was years of education. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020220546). Findings: From 32 593 initial references, we included 3321 studies reporting on 318 632 patients alongside 138 675 healthy controls (170 941 women and 275 821 men from studies describing sex or gender;data on ethnicity were not collected). Patients’ educational attainment increased over time, mirroring that of controls. However, patients with schizophrenia in high-income countries had 19 months less education than controls (–1·59 years, 95% CI –1·66 to –1·53;p<0·0001), which is equivalent to a Cohen's d of –0·56 (95% CI –0·58 to –0·54) and implies an odds ratio of 2·58 for not completing 12 years of educa

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Association between the use of antihypertensive medication and amyloid-beta deposition in older adults with hypertension

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S17期19卷

作者： Musung Keum Min Soo Byun Dahyun Yi Hyejin Ahn Gijung Jung Joon Hyung Jung Nayeong Kong Jun-Young Lee Yu Kyeong Kim Yun-Sang Lee Koung Mi Kang Chul-Ho Sohn Dong Young Lee KBASE Research Group Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Correspondece Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Seoul National University Dementia Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science Seoul National University College of Humanities Seoul Korea Republic of (South) SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Nuclear Medicine SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South)

Background Recent evidences suggest that the use of antihypertensive medications (HTNmed) may decrease the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. We investigated whether the use of HTNmed is associated with in vivo AD pathologies, particularly cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and whether the relationship between HTNmed and cerebral Aβ deposition differs according to the characteristics of HTNmed in older adults. Method Participants were recruited from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE) cohort. Both cognitively normal and cognitively impaired older adults (age range: 55-90 years) who met the following criteria of hypertension (HTN) were included for this study: i) clinical diagnosis of hypertension or ii) systolic blood pressure higher than 130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure higher than 80mmHg measured at baseline. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessment and [ 11 C] Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography PET for measuring Aβ deposition. Result Among total 413 older adults with hypertension, 227(54.8%) were taking HTNmed. Overall, individuals taking HTNmed showed significantly lower Aβ deposition compared to those without HTNmed (B = -0.104, p = 0.007), even after controlling age, sex, apolipoprotein E e4 positivity, and mean arterial blood pressure(MAP). Drug-class specific analyses showed that the use of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor ( i.e. , angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker) was associated with less cerebral Aβ deposition among older adults with HTNmed (B = -0.142, p = 0.006), but the use of other HTNmeds was not. In addition, the blood-brain barrier permeability of HTNmed also did not have any relationship with Aβ deposition. Conclusion The present finding suggests that the use of HTNmed, particularly RAS inhibitor, is associated with less Aβ deposition in older adults with hypertension. Further studies

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Tau pathology relates to regional microstructural alterations of cerebral white matter in older adults with diverse cognitive spectrum

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S16期19卷

作者： Nayeong Kong Dahyun Yi Min Soo Byun Joon Hyung Jung Yoon Young Chang Musung Keum Gijung Jung Hyejin Ahn Jun-Young Lee Yun-Sang Lee Yu Kyeong Kim Koung Mi Kang Chul-Ho Sohn Dong Young Lee Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Correspondece Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Seoul National University Dementia Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science Seoul National University College of Humanities Seoul Korea Republic of (South) SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Nuclear Medicine SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South)

Background Growing evidences suggest that degeneration of cerebral white matter (WM) occurs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) independently of cerebrovascular risks or injury. Previous studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have reported a loss of WM microstructural integrity in the corpus callosum (CC) and cingulum (CG) in AD dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, only limited information is available for the relationship of in vivo AD-specific pathologies including beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau accumulation with WM microstructal alterations. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between in vivo AD pathologies and microstructural integrity of the CC and CG through cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Method A total of 170 (74 cognitively normal, 58 MCI, and 38 AD dementia) older adults from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease cohort were included. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessment and multi-modal brain imaging including [11C]-Pittsburgh-Compound-B-positron emission tomography (PET), 18F-AV-1451 PET, and DTI. The mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values were obtained for 2 regions of interests, the CC and CG on DTI. The data was analyzed using linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, APOE4 positivity, and vascular risk factor score. Regression-based mediation analysis was also conducted to assess the mediation of tau for the relationship between Aβ and FA. Result In cross-sectional analyses for baseline data, global tau deposition had a significant negative association with both CC and CG FA (β = -0.013, p = 0.004 and β = -0.011, p = 0.002), while global Aβ retention showed a negative association with only CG FA (β = -0.015, p = 0.004). Longitudinal analyses revealed that higher tau deposition at baseline was associated with both greater reduction of both CC and CG FA over 2 years (β = -0.010, p = 0.001 and β = -0.005, p = 0.046), whereas Aβ was associated w

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Association between known Alzheimer’s disease risk loci andin vivobrain amyloid pathology in a Korean Cohort

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S24期19卷

作者： Hyejin Ahn Min Soo Byun Dahyun Yi Gijung Jung Yen-Ning Huang Anthony J. Griswold Margaret A. A Pericak-Vance Yu Kyeong Kim Yun-Sang Lee Chul-Ho Sohn Koung Mi Kang Jun-Young Lee Andrew J. Saykin Kwangsik Nho Dong Young Lee Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science Seoul National University College of Humanities Seoul Korea Republic of (South) HyejinAhn Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science Seoul National University College of Humanities Seoul Korea Republic of (South). Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Seoul National University Dementia Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Center for Neuroimaging Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA Indiana Alzheimer Disease Research Center Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA Department of Nuclear Medicine SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Department of Neuropsychiatry SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA

Background Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been conducted in populations of European ancestry. It is important to determine if known AD-related variants from these studies are associated with AD biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated the association between known AD risk loci and in vivo brain Aβ deposition in older Korean adults. Method Participants (n = 503) from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE) were analyzed. Older adults who were cognitively normal (CN), had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD dementia (264 CN, 148 MCI, 91 AD) underwent comprehensive assessments including 11 C-PiB-PET/MRI and blood sampling. Among 76 AD-related target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genetic evidence compiled by the AD Sequencing Project (ADSP), 38 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF)>1% were extracted from TOPMed-based imputed GWAS genotyping data in KBASE. We employed exploratory univariable logistic regression analysis with Aβ positivity as the dependent variable for each SNP. Then, SNPs with a significance level of p<0.05 were subjected to confirmatory multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and sex, with Bonferroni correction. Result In the first step of exploratory analyses, we discovered significant differences in Aβ positivity rates between carriers and noncarriers of minor allele of several loci, including rs16824536 in MME , rs11218343 in SORL1 , rs4985556 in IL34 , rs4277405 in ACE and rs3851179, located in the intergenic region between EED and PICALM . The subsequent confirmatory analysis found an association between these variants and Aβ positivity after adjusting age and sex (Table 1). Notably, the negative association of rs3851179 with Aβ positivity remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons and after controlling for APOE4 carrier status, age, and sex (OR 0.529, 95% CI 0.345–0.813). Conclusion We id

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