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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pieper, D. Sven Mehling, D. Carl Willy Hirsch, Dominik Lüke, D. Tobias Ihlenfeldt, D. Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden01062 Germany

This paper describes a novel Python package, named causalgraph, for modeling and saving causal graphs embedded in knowledge graphs. The package has been designed to provide an interface between causal disciplines such as causal discovery and causal inference. With this package, users can create and save causal graphs and export the generated graphs for use in other graph-based packages. The main advantage of the proposed package is its ability to facilitate the linking of additional information and metadata to causal structures. In addition, the package offers a variety of functions for graph modeling and plotting, such as editing, adding, and deleting nodes and edges. It is also compatible with widely used graph data science libraries such as NetworkX and Tigramite and incorporates a specially developed causalgraph ontology in the background. This paper provides an overview of the package’s main features, functionality, and usage examples, enabling the reader to use the package effectively in practice. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Python

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Further Developments in the Production of an Innovative Motor Concept with Radially Laminated Stator Sheets and Flux Barriers

Further Developments in the Production of an Innovative Moto...

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International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)

作者： Alena Babl Mirko Bach Dieter Gerling Martin Dix Chair of Electrical Drives and Actuators Bundeswehr University Munich Neubiberg Germany Department hydroforming and tool concepts Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454056

In the course of saving resources and energy caused by factors such as environmental protection and the climate crisis, various motor topologies are being developed and investigated continuously. One of these developments is being promoted by researchers at the EAA and IWU and concerns the implementation of an innovative motor concept with radially laminated stator steel sheets and flux barriers. Various new developments in design and manufacturing technology have to be implemented as well as analyzed for this new development. This paper provides an insight into the electromagnetic relationships within the newly arranged grain-oriented laminations as well as findings from the production of the first prototypes. Furthermore measurement results on the electromagnetic behavior of the stator are given as well as subsequent findings and derived decisions are presented.

关键词： Lamination Prototypes Production Stators Topology Manufacturing Steel

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Efficient data acquisition for traceability and analytics

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 73-78页

作者： Heiner Reinhardt Mahtab Mahdaviasl Bastian Prell Anton Mauersberger Philipp Klimant Jörg Reiff-Stephan Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 09648 Mittweida Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany

Implementing processes for traceability is required in various industries to assure product quality during manufacturing, provide evidence on required processing conditions or facilitate product recalls. Commonly, radio-frequency identification (RFID) or code recognition techniques (e.g. Data Matrix) are applied to track the flow of workpieces through a manufacturing system and link processing data accordingly. Although the analysis of tracking data is well-examined, we still see a gap in the research on the trade-off between data acquisition, data analytics and data quality. Here, we present a framework to increase the value of existing data by enabling data analytics while addressing common pitfalls and reducing the costs of data management.

关键词： Identification Knowledge management Manufacturing system Process control Quality assurance Sustainable development Decision making Complexity Analysis Design

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Force-controlled burnishing process for high surface integrity on additive manufactured parts

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 108卷 642-647页

作者： Martin Dix Marco Posdzich Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes (IWP) Reichenhainer Str. 70. 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU) Reichenhainer Str. 88. 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Additive manufactured components provide a new level of shape flexibility. However, this process has shortcomings in surface quality and dimensional accuracy. As a result post-processing is often necessary. In this paper, a combined finishing operation of machining shaping and force-controlled burnishing is used for prismatic form elements. Therefore, a corresponding control strategy was implemented for this on a CNC machine tool. The focus lies on the process characteristics between the pre-machined surface structures and the force-controlled machining and in the resulting surface properties. The aim of the work is the investigation and application of the process combination on additive manufactured metallic structural elements.

关键词： additive manufacturing force control surface modification finishing process combination

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Framework for increasing sustainability of factory systems by generative layout design 29

Framework for increasing sustainability of factory systems b...

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29th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, LCE 2022

作者： Süße, Marian Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Putz, Matthias Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Chemnitz Germany

The structure of factory systems has a long-term impact on the productivity and performance of production systems. With an increasing relevance of decentral renewable energy sources, factory planning becomes more complex due to an increase of decision criteria and possible solutions, but ecological impacts are also growingly depending on early structure decisions. However, decisions during planning processes in industry are still based on experience, qualitative assessments and discussions. Thus, planning results may not exploit the potential of the available solution space, nor do they allow quantitative traceability of layout configurations. Generative Design (GD) gained popularity in topology optimization and building construction and provides promising opportunities for complex design tasks. Not least with the increasing relevance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in manufacturing, new methods and technologies for optimization become available to factory planners. Hence, the paper describes options for enhanced decisions in sustainable factory layout planning. Therefore, it provides a quick overview on optimization and GD in layout planning as well as the relation towards BIM and sustainability assessment. Based on this, possible extensions of optimization targets and boundaries towards energy and sustainability-related criteria is elaborated. Afterwards, necessary and potential data acquisition with the openBIM-related Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is discussed. The paper concludes with an outlook towards further investigations on the overlap of layout design, BIM and sustainability. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Subjective hearing sensation of process variations at a milling machine. How reliable will chatter marks be detected? 50

Subjective hearing sensation of process variations at a mill...

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50th International Congress and Exposition of Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2021

作者： Trautmann, Florian Knöfel, Björn Drossel, Welf-Guntram Troge, Jan Freund, Markus Penter, Lars Anders, Damian Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Strasse 44 Dresden01087 Germany University of Technology Dresden Dresden01062 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781732598652

Intuition enables experienced machine operators to detect production errors and to identify their specific sources. A prominent example in machining are chatter marks caused by machining vibrations. The operators assessment, if the process runs stable or not, is not exclusively based on technical parameters such as rotation frequency, tool diameter, or the number of teeth. Because the human ear is a powerful feature extraction and classification device, this study investigates to what degree the hearing sensation influences the operators decision making. A steel machining process with a design of experiments (DOE)-based variation of process parameters was conducted on a milling machine. Microphone and acceleration sensors recorded machining vibrations and machine operators documented their hearing sensation via survey sheet. In order to obtain the optimal data set for calculating various psychoacoustic characteristics, a principle component analysis was conducted. The subsequent correlation analysis of all sensor data and the operator information suggest that psychoacoustic characteristics such as tonality and loudness are very good indicators of the process quality perceived by the operator. The results support the application of psychoacoustic technology for machine and process monitoring. © INTER-NOISE 2021 .All right reserved.

关键词： Audition

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Micro-texture dependent temperature distribution of CVD diamond thick film cutting tools during turning of Ti-6Al-4V 6th

Micro-texture dependent temperature distribution of CVD diam...

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6th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2022

作者： Uhlmann, E. Schröter, D. Gärtner, E. Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute For Production Systems And Design Technology Ipk Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute For Machine Tools And Forming Technology Iwu Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Machining titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V results in a high thermomechanical load on cutting tools and consequently short tool lifes. With respect to a necessary reduction of the resulting cutting tool temperatures, ultrashort pulse (USP) laser fabricated micro-textured rake faces offer direct supply of cooling lubricant into the cutting zone and lead to a reduced heat induction. As a result, micro-textured CVD diamond thick film cutting tools are also capable of machining high-performance materials due to reduced contact temperatures. In the scope of the research, the resulting temperature distribution for micro-textured rake faces will be compared under both dry and wet process conditions. Measurements show a reduction of the resulting cutting tool temperatures of ΔÏ't = 27.9 % using micro-textured cutting tools compared to non-textured cutting tools. A validated simulation provides valuable information about the contact temperatures enabling a specific development of the micro-texture geometry. As a result, a reduction of the contact temperature between chip and rake face by ΔÏ'T = 24.7 % was possible. © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Turning

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Investigation of bio-based cooling lubricants for the machining of aircraft stainless steels

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 110卷 47-52页

作者： Erik Selbmann Marcus Preiẞ Anas Ben Achour Uwe Teicher Albrecht Hänel Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 01187 Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering 01062 Dresden Germany

Water-miscible cooling lubricants are used in approx. 90% of metalworking processes mainly for lubrication and cooling of the contact zone between tool and workpiece. The base oils of the widely used water-miscible emulsions are often of mineral origin and represent a significant share of the CO2-fingerprint in production systems in terms of their extraction, processing and the possibility of recycling. Cooling lubricants are furthermore negatively discussed regarding to their health compatibility. Those disadvantages of conventional cooling lubricants drive the research for replacing mineral base oils with vegetable base oils, which contribute to a safer work environment and greener production. In this work, both conventional cooling lubricants and several water-miscible emulsions with various edible and non-edible vegetable-based oils were prepared and characterized regarding their suitability as cooling lubricants for the milling of aircraft stainless steels. Comprehensive experimental investigations were carried out to determine the process forces and the resulting tool wear as technical performance indicators for the test evaluation.

关键词： Bio-based lubricants stainless steel milling process forces tool wear

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Direct laser interference patterning of cemented cutting tools 17

Direct laser interference patterning of cemented cutting too...

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Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVII 2023

作者： Baumann, Robert Bouraoui, Yasmine Teicher, Uwe Selbmann, Erik Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Lasagni, Andrés Fabián Institute for Manufacturing Technology Technische Universität Dresden George-Baehr-Str. 3c Dresden01069 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a Dresden01069 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS Winterbergstraße 28 Dresden01277 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659230

Nowadays, improving processes sustainability has become a major topic for many manufacturers in metal processing industries. Next to the challenging rise of costs of raw material and tools, innovative and hard to process materials enter the market. Here, surface functionalization of cutting tools is devised as a convenient approach for reducing energy consumption as well as material losses. In this work, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is used for manufacturing periodic line-like structures with spatial periods of 5.5 µm on tungsten carbide. The texturing is applied on rake-flank faces of the cutting inserts, leading to texture depths up to 1.75 µm by controlling the amount of used laser pulses. Moreover, turning experiments under lubricated conditions carried out on Al 6061 T6 parts with structured and untreated tools are performed to investigate the tribological performance. In result, the used DLIP-functionalized cutting tools could effectively decrease machining forces up to 12 %. This is caused by the corresponding improvement in frictional and improved lubrication behavior at the tool/chip interface. Furthermore, the laser-processed tools generate thinner chips, which leads to a decrease in surface roughness by 31 % of the aluminum work piece. This work thus offers insight into the viability of improving cutting tools by laser surface micro patterning for upcoming innovative materials designed for improving tool wear resistance, energy efficiency and surface quality. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Tungsten carbide

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Replicative Production of Multifunctional Microfluidic Polymer Films for Biomedical Disposables

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 207-212页

作者： Eric Gärtner Frederic Schell Lukas Nitschke Richard Chukwudi Okafor Christoph Zwahr Claudia Hackl Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Science IWS Winterbergstr. 28 01277 Dresden Germany Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering IOM Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany

Increasing demands on the reproducibility and accuracy of lab-on-a-chip systems in the life science sector require new tools for the molding of polymer films with spatially selectively functionalized surfaces. By applying local micro- and nanostructuring to the molding tools, the aim is to achieve multifunctionality of the polymer films, by setting certain wetting properties. This means that fluid-affecting properties (hydrophobic, hydrophilic) should be possible. To functionalize polymer films, the replication tools were specifically microstructured using laser-based surface functionalization. The periodic micro- and nanostructures were produced with the help of nanosecond pulsed and picosecond pulsed laser systems using Direct Laser Interference Patterning. For this purpose, complex functional microstructures in the range of 0.1 µm to 100 µm were developed based on a bionic approach. The functional properties were transferred in a one-step replicative process using UV-imprinting and were subsequently verified by determining the wetting behavior of the molded microfluidic films and the corresponding laser microstructured replication tools. This publication presents the successfully developed processes and the promising results of this series of experiments.

关键词： laser microstructuring surface functionalization lab-on-a-chip DLIP UV-imprinting

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