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Emission Characteristics and Axial Flame Temperature Distribution of a Circumferential Reverse flow Combustor

Journal of Energy and power engineering 2010年第7期4卷 9-14页

作者： C. Dong Q.L. Zhou X.G. Zhang P. Sun T.M. Xu S.E. Hui Q.X. Zhao State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi ＇an Jiaotong University Xi ＇an 710049 China

In partially premixed combustion of gas turbine, the combustion temperature should be lowed in order to reduce NOx. One solution is lean premixed combustion. However, the problem is that large excess air ratio may make the combustion unstable. A novel combustor with circumferential reverse flow of fuel gas is proposed for settling this problem. A 10 kw furnace is established to test performance of this combustor. Three factors such as primary air ratio, position of secondary air, total excess air ratio are studied. The emission characteristics and axial flame temperature distribution are studied. Basing on experimental results, the axial flame temperature and NOr emission increase with primary air ratio and axial length of second stream, and decrease with total excess air ratio. When the total excess air ratio is larger than 1.05, the combustor presents a lower temperature field and much lower NOx emission （less than 10 ppm）.

关键词： Partially premixed combustor secondary air distributor NOx emission axial flame temperature experimentalinvestigation.

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Experimental Study of Falling Film on the Outside of Horizontal Tube

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 238-243页

作者： L. B. Yan H. X. Li B. Guo Y. Q. Zhang Z. Zhang Y. F. Zhang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Evaporating falling film on horizontal tubes has been widely used in desalinization, refrigeration, chemical process industries, and so on. In this paper, the flow characteristics of falling film outside horizontal tubes in horizontal air flows was studied theoretically and experimentally. Two low patterns of the falling film, i.e., droplet flow pattern and columnar flow pattern, were considered. Effects of the velocity of airflow, the flux of falling film flow, the external diameter of tube and the surface property of tube on the falling film flowing characters were investigated. Experimental study indicated that, in a definite flow scale, as the flow increased, the diameters of falling droplets and falling columns of the liquid enlarged, and the liquid film became thick and the area covered by the liquid film increased. As the air velocity increased, the offset of the droplet and the column to the top of the tube enlarged, and the rate of increase come down until it complete depart from the the top of the horizontal tube. Besides, a theoretical model was established about the offset of the droplet and liquid column from the top of the tube under the force of the horizontal air flows, and the model was validated by a comparison between the numerical predictions and experimental data.A further analysis about the excursion law of falling film flow outside horizontal tube was also made at the last paprt of the paper.

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Numerical Simulation of Low Pressure Natural Gas Injector

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 961-967页

作者： D. T. Chong G. S. Wu S. Q. Liu J. J. Yan J. P. Liu aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bSouthwest Petroleum University China cOil & Gas Technology Research Institute PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company China

The maximum total recovery from all gas wells are highly desired to be got and the production is to be maintained when the gas well reaches the end of its economic life. Although the injector has been known for about one century, sparse investigations have been performed on the injector of natural gas, and no structural optimization on the natural gas injectors has been reported. In the present paper, the structural parameters of natural gas injectors was optimized numerically with the motive pressure ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 MPa, induced pressure ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa and discharged pressure being 1.5 MPa. The numerical results showed that the optimal values of diffuser gradient, mixing tube length to diameter ratio, mixing chamber length to diameter ratio and mixing chamber gradient were 40, 5, 0 and 0.25, respectively. The performance of optimized injectors was also investigated numerically. The motive natural gas flowrate increased linearly with increase of motive pressure and was independent of induced pressure. The induced flowrate and entrainment ratio of natural gas were both increased with the increase of induced pressure.

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Experimental Research on the Performance of Exhaust Steam Reclaim Device With a Swirling flow Vane

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 374-379页

作者： X. L. Li J. J. Yan P. F. Zhang J. J. Yang J. P. Liu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University P.R. China

This paper experimentally studied the performance of exhaust steam reclaim device with a swirling flow vane at different inlet water pressures, temperatures, different inlet steam pressures and different distances between the throat and spout. The results indicated that the injection coefficient decreased as the inlet water pressure and temperature increased, respectively. There is a best distance between the throat and spout which makes the injection coefficient reached to its maximal value at the same experimental pressure and temperature, and the value equals to 130 mm in our experimental system. The resistance coefficient has a minimum value which makes the device have the highest outlet water pressure. Compared with the device without a swirling flow vane, it improves the heating performance for higher injection coefficient and exergy efficiency.

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Slagging characteristics on the superheaters of a 12 MW biomass-fired boiler

Slagging characteristics on the superheaters of a 12 MW biom...

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作者： Niu, Yanqing Tan, Hongzhang Ma, Lin Pourkashanian, Mohamed Liu, Zhengning Liu, Yang Wang, Xuebin Liu, Haiyu Xu, Tongmo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian 710049 China School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

In an attempt to understand the problem of severe slagging in biomass-fired boilers, slags formed on the fourth-, second-, and first-stage superheaters in a 12 MW biomass-fired grate furnace have been collected, sampled, and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The slag collected on each superheater has a unique morphology and structure. The slag on the fourth-stage superheater is loose and porous, while on the secondary and the primary superheaters, the slag shows a clear layered structure of different colors and levels of hardness. Aluminosilicate is the major component in the slag on the fourth-stage superheater, which is formed by Si, Al, and alkali species. On both the secondary and primary superheaters, the sticky sylvine, potassium calcium sulfate, and aphthitalite in the bottom layer trap coarse, large particles, resulting in further slagging. In the alternating layers, the particles containing high concentrations of K, Na, and Cl form the initial deposit layer, the yellow layer in the secondary superheater. Then, it traps the coarse, large particles containing high Si, Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe to form the brown layer. Similarly, the particles in the pale-yellow layer of the primary superheater containing high concentrations of K, Na, and Cl form the initial deposit layer, and then, it traps the coarse, large particles containing high Si, Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe to form the black layer. Accompanied by the periodic blowing, the alternating layer is formed and the slag gradually becomes thicker. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Iron

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THE VELOCITY FIELD OF multiphase flow AND EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL AERATION FILTER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第2期22卷 260-264页

作者： CHENG Wen HU Bao-wei YANG Chun-di CHENG Wen-juan Environment Research Institute Xian University of Technology Xi＇an 710048 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi＇ an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Environmental Ecology of Education Ministry Xi＇anUniversity of Technology Xi＇an 710048 China Yuanpei College Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China Environment Research Institute Xi＇an University of Technology Xi＇an 710048 China

Aeration is an important factor affecting the biological aeration *** a set of experiment device specially designed for the purpose,and the particle image velocimetry technique,the velocity field of the gas-liquid two-phase flow is studied under different *** various simulated aeration states were actually applied to the experimental device of sewage treatment,and the results of the numerical simulation were *** final experimental results indicate that the most efficient state occurs when the ratio of water in aeration tank h / w =1,the diameter of capillary tubes d=0.6mm and the velocity of bubbles v=0.3m/s.

关键词： ratio of water diameter of capillary tube bubbles velocity sewage disposal efficiency

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Exergy analysis of solar dynamic closed Brayton cycle for space applications

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Taiyangneng Xuebao/Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica 2010年第3期31卷 351-356页

作者： Chen, Shuangtao Hou, Yu Chen, Liang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Exergy analysis of solar dynamic closed Brayton cycle (SDCBC) for space applications was presented in this paper. An integrated model for the system and specific models for its components were proposed. Influence of main parameters on system exergy efficiency was discussed. The results shown the efficiencies of expander, compressor, and regenerating temperature of the regenerator have significant influence on the exergy efficiency of SDCBC system. Therefore, besides the enhancement of component efficiencies, the matching among components of SDCBC system should be also taken into account. Moreover, it would be always desirable to enhance the effectiveness of recuperator within the requirements of flow resistance and system weight.

关键词： Space applications

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Numerical simulation of a buried hot crude oil pipeline during shutdown

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Petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 73-82页

作者： Xu Cheng Yu Bo Zhang Zhengwei Zhang Jinjun Wei Jinjia Sun Shuyu Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249China Zhejiang Department Preparatory Team PetroChina West East Gas Pipeline Company Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an Shaanxi 710049 China Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC 29634-0975 USA

In this paper a mathematical model is built for a buried hot crude oil pipeline during shutdown, and an unstructured grid and polar coordinate grid are respectively applied to generating grids for the soil region and the three layers in the pipe （wax layer, pipe wall, and corrosion-inhibiting coating）. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method. The variations in temperatures of static oil and soil were investigated during pipeline shutdown in both summer and winter, in which some important parameters of the soil and crude oils of a Northeast pipeline are employed.

关键词： Moving boundary stagnation point equivalent thermal conductivity thermal influence region unstructured grid

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Experimental study on the characteristics of weak corrosive surfactant drag reducer

Experimental study on the characteristics of weak corrosive ...

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12th International Conference on engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments - Earth and Space 2010

作者： Su, Wen-Tao Li, Feng-Chen Dong, Yong Cai, Wei-Hua Jiao, Li-Fang Wei, Jin-Jia Yu, Bo School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780784410967

Experimental study on drag-reducing characteristics of a zwitterionic surfactant additive (C20H43NO) in a circulation system has been carried out. It was based on the optimum concentration, temperature effect and the characteristics of resisting shear in DN27.5 pipeline. The results showed that C20H43NO additive has a significant drag-reducing effect depending on concentration and temperature. The most effective concentration in the tested flow loop was 900ppm at 60°C. The temperature range of the drag-reducing effect was in the range of 40 ∼ 70°C. The maximum drag reduction (DR) of 900ppm C20H 43NO aqueous solution was 77% at the beginning of circulation with system running between 41°C and 43°C. The drag-reducing effect does not decrease remarkably after the circulation system ran for a period of seven hours, but reduces to only 5% of DR after a period of twenty-three hours. In order to study the drag-reducing characteristics of C20H 43NO aqueous solution in the practical district heating system, the experiments with C20H43NO aqueous solution flow in different inner-diameter pipelines including DN50 and DN100 with rough wall were performed. The results indicated that the optimum drag-reducing concentrations are 1500ppm and 2500ppm at 45∼50°C in the DN50 and DN100 circular pipes, respectively. Finally, the technique of drag-reducing additive applying into the district heating system is discussed. And some problems in the practical application were brought forward, such as, the poor life-span of surfactant, the instabilities of drag-reducing effect and the inherent corrosion of additive itself. According to these problems, the corrosion research of C 20H43NO aqueous solution was also conducted based on immersion method. The results show that: C20H43NO aqueous solution is weakly corrosive for iron-based metallic pipe comparing with CTAC aqueous solution and water. © 2010 ASCE.

关键词： Pipelines

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Nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine transformations during the pyrolysis of straw

Nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine transformations during the py...

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作者： Wang, Xuebin Si, Jipeng Tan, Houzhang Ma, Lin Pourkashanian, Mohamed Xu, Tongmo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian 710049 China Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine during straw pyrolysis at temperatures from 35 to 1450 °C was investigated by using the coupled thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS) techniques and compared with that of coal. The characteristics of the residual solid char from the straw were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that all the nitrogen species (HCN, NH3, HNCO, and CH 3CN), chloric species (HCl and Cl2), and sulfur species (SO2, H2S and COS) began to release from straw from 200 °C, compared with 350 °C for the case of coal. Most of the gaseous species from the straw were released in the form of a sharp peak, compared with the coal which has a much wider peak. NH3 and HNCO were the primary nitrogen species for both straw and coal;however for the straw the amount of NH3 released was much higher than that of HNCO. Sulfur species from the straw pyrolysis are sparse, and there was only a little COS released. During coal pyrolysis no COS was detected at all and H2S was mainly formed at 500 °C∼600 °C. SO2 was released in three stages (300-500 °C, 500-600 °C and 1200-1450 °C), and the largest SO 2 emission was found at high temperatures due to the decomposition of sulfate. The major chloric species from the pyrolysis of both straw and coal was HCl, and the ion current intensity of Cl2 was very low. There was a critical temperature of around 800 °C, beyond which most of the chlorine would be released. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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