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Preparation of biochar adsorption material from walnut shell by supercritical CO_(2)pretreatment

Biochar 2024年第1期6卷 168-185页

作者： Zitong Zhuang Yanbing Liu Wenwen Wei Jinwen Shi Hui Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China.

In order to treat dyes in the wastewater of the printing industry and to reutilize walnut shell(WS)waste gener-ate economic benefits,supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))pretreatment technology was developed to prepare porous biochar as a precursor for adsorption *** experiments were conducted at the temperatures of 200,300,and 400℃with durations of 20,40,and 60 min,and a control group was set up using N_(2)***,KOH activation was employed to prepare biochar adsorption *** biochars were analyzed and characterized using TGA,BET,SEM,FT-IR,and XRD,and the liquid and gas phase products of the pretreatment process were analyzed semi-quantitatively and quantitatively using GC-MS and gas *** blue(MB)dye was selected as an indicator to measure the adsorption capacity of biochar,and adsorption kinetics were analyzed based on the *** results indicate that pretreatment with SC-CO_(2)effectively enhanced the performance and yield of the activated *** highest specific surface area increased by 18%,and the maximum adsorption of MB increased by 23%compared to the N_(2)control *** yield increased by 8-262%and the specific surface area increased by 50-192%compared to the direct activation of walnut shell(WS).During the pretreatment processes for the preparation of biochar adsorption material with the best specific surface area,phenol-enriched bio-oil was produced as a by-product which has economic value.

关键词： Supercritical carbon dioxide Walnut shell Biochar Methylene blue adsorption

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Insight into the interaction between water and surfactant aerosol particles based on molecular dynamics simulations

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Particuology 2023年第6期77卷 128-135页

作者： Chao Zhang Zhichao Zhang Longxiang Bu Yang Yang Wei Xiong Yueshe Wang School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China

The ubiquitous surfactant significantly influences the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosol ***,knowledge on the morphology of surfactant particles after the adsorption of water is *** this study,the interaction between water and particles composed of surface active malonic acid(MA)or adipic acid(AA)are simulated based on the molecular dynamics *** key point is the combined effect of temperature and water content on the structural properties of particles and the surface propensity of surfactants at the equilibrium *** show that demixed structure 1 with the adsorption of water clusters on acid grain,mixed structure and demixed structure 2 with acids coating on water droplet can be *** temperature increasing from 160 K to 330 K the surface propensity of MA and AA increases first and then *** the standard atmospheric temperature(280-330 K),the surface propensity of MA and AA increases with increasing water content and alkyl group,and its sensitivity to temperature and water content varies ***,all surfactants at the particle surface orient their hydrophobic groups toward the *** findings improve our insight into the surfactant partitioning and further assist in more accurate prediction of the particle hygroscopic growth.

关键词： Aerosol particles Surfactant Surface propensity Hygroscopic growth Molecular dynamics

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Cascade utilization of full spectrum solar energy for achieving simultaneous hydrogen production and all-day thermoelectric conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 318-327页

作者： Tuo Zhang Liang Dong Baoyuan Wang Jingkuo Qu Xiaoyuan Ye Wengao Zeng Ze Gao Bin Zhu Ziying Zhang Xiangjiu Guan Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

Solar-driven photocatalytic water/seawater splitting holds great potential for green hydrogen ***,the practical application is hindered by the relatively low conversion efficiency resulting from the inadequate utilization of solar spectrum with significant waste in the form of ***,current equipment struggles to maintain all-day operation subjected to the lack of light during ***,a novel hybrid system integrating photothermal catalytic(PTC)reactor,thermoelectric generator(TEG),and phase change materials(PCM)was proposed and designed(named as PTC-TEG-PCM)to address these challenges and enable simultaneous overall seawater splitting and 24-hour power *** PTC system effectively maintains in an optimal temperature range to maximize photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen *** TEG component recycles the low-grade waste heat for power generation,complementing the shortcoming of photocatalytic conversion and achieving cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar ***,exceptional thermal storage capability of PCM allow for the conversion of released heat into electricity during nighttime,contributing significantly to the overall power output and enabling PTC-TEG-PCM to operate for more than 12 h under the actual *** to traditional PTC system,the overall energy conversion efficiency of the PTC-TEG-PCM system can be increased by∼500%,while maintaining the solar-to-hydrogen *** advancement of this novel system demonstrated that recycling waste heat from the PTC system and utilizing heat absorption/release capability of PCM for thermoelectric application are effective strategies to improve solar energy *** flexible parameter designing,PTC-TEG-PCM can be applied in various scenarios,offering high efficiency,stability,and sustainability.

关键词： Hybrid solar energy conversion system Photocatalytic overall seawatersplitting Thermoelectric power generation Phase change materials All-day operation

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Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Microchannel Heat Sink with Highly-Dense Micro-Jet Arrays

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1148-1160页

作者： ZHANG Yu CHEN Xiaoyan MIAO Lin CHEN Liang HOU Yu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Beijing Aerospace Technology Institute Beijing100083China

This paper proposed a new structure of highly-dense micro-jet arrays for hybrid jet-impingement/microchannel heat sinks(~120 jet per cm^(2) with jet width of 0.35 mm).Parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of structure and flow parameters on the convective heat transfer of water jet cooling in confined *** simulation results show that the optimal jet width,jet spacing and impingement distance are around 0.2 mm,0.2 mm and 0.3 mm,respectively,which can achieve a low thermal resistance as well as a relatively low pressure *** analysis of the heat transfer pathways shows that the micro-fin jet structures can extend the impinging heat transfer area and conduct a considerable proportion of heat,which can reach up to 38.9%with the Reynolds number ranging from 797.1 to *** heat transfer characteristics in the heat sink will shift from impingement dominated heat transfer to the channel-convection dominated heat transfer as the jet impingement distance increases.A correlation is proposed to predict the average Nusselt number on the stagnation area for the heat sink with different structure parameters,and the deviations of predictions from the numerical results are less than 10%.

关键词： hybrid heat sink impingement microchannel thermal management high heat flux

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MOF-derived NiCo bimetallic cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第3期36卷 427-431页

作者： Liang Dong Jingkuo Qu Tuo Zhang Guanghui Zhu Ningning Ma Chang Zhao Yi Yuan Xiangjiu Guan Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049C

The development of stable and efficient non-noble metal cocatalysts has arisen as a promising yet challenging endeavor in the context of photocatalytic overall water *** this study,NiCo alloy cocatalysts were synthesized with nickel/cobalt metal organic framework(NiCo-MOF)as source of nickel and *** characterization results demonstrate the successful deposition of alloy cocatalysts onto the surface of SrTiO_(3).The prepared SrTiO_(3)loaded NiCo-alloy can generate hydrogen and oxygen in a stoichiometric ratio for photocatalytic overall water splitting,achieving an apparent quantum yield of 11.9%at 350±10 *** calculations indicate that the introduction of cobalt has a beneficial regulatory effect on the hydrogen evolution sites of Ni,reducing the free energy of H *** synergistic catalytic effect of bimetallic catalysts contributes to enhancing photocatalytic activity and *** study offers constructive insights for the development of high-efficiency and cost-effective cocatalyst systems.

关键词： Photocatalysis Overall water splitting Non-noble metals Alloy Cocatalyst

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Crystalline carbon nitride with in-plane built-in electric field accelerates carrier separation for excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 160-165页

作者： Wengao Zeng Yuchen Dong Xiaoyuan Ye Ziying Zhang Tuo Zhang Xiangjiu Guan Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Achieving a high carrier migration efficiency by constructing built-in electric field is one of the promising approaches for promoting photocatalytic activity. Herein, we have designed a donor-acceptor(D-A) crystalline carbon nitride(APMCN) with 4-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine(AP) as electron donor, in which the pyrimidine ring was well embedded in the heptazine ring via hydrogen-bonding effect during hydrothermal process. The APMCN shows superior charge-transfer due to giant built-in electric field(5.94times higher than pristine carbon nitride), thereby exhibiting excellent photocatalytic H_(2) evolution rate(1350 μmol/h) with a high AQY(62.8%) at 400 nm. Mechanistic analysis based on detailed experimental investigation together with theoretical analysis reveals that the excellent photocatalytic activity is attributed to the promoted charge separation by the giant internal electric field originated from the D–A structure.

关键词： Crystalline carbon nitride Built-in electric field Donor-acceptor structure Photocatalysis Hydrogen production

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Evaluation of frictional pressure drop correlations for air-water and air-oil two-phase flow in pipeline-riser system

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1305-1319页

作者： Nai-Liang Li Bin Chen School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049ShaanxiChina

Accurate prediction of the frictional pressure drop is important for the design and operation of subsea oil and gas transporting system considering the length of the pipeline. The applicability of the correlations to pipeline-riser flow needs evaluation since the flow condition in pipeline-riser is quite different from the original data where they were derived from. In the present study, a comprehensive evaluation of 24prevailing correlation in predicting frictional pressure drop is carried out based on experimentally measured data of air-water and air-oil two-phase flows in pipeline-riser. Experiments are performed in a system having different configuration of pipeline-riser with the inclination of the downcomer varied from-2°to-5°to investigated the effect of the elbow on the frictional pressure drop in the riser. The inlet gas velocity ranges from 0.03 to 6.2 m/s, and liquid velocity varies from 0.02 to 1.3 m/s. A total of885 experimental data points including 782 on air-water flows and 103 on air-oil flows are obtained and used to access the prediction ability of the correlations. Comparison of the predicted results with the measured data indicate that a majority of the investigated correlations under-predict the pressure drop on severe slugging. The result of this study highlights the requirement of new method considering the effect of pipe layout on the frictional pressure drop.

关键词： Frictional pressure drop Pipeline-riser Gas-liquid two-phase flow Severe slugging Correlation

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Influence of Soil-Structure Interaction Models on the Dynamic Responses of An Offshore Wind Turbine Under Environmental Loads

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China Ocean engineering 2023年第2期37卷 218-231页

作者： TANG Hong-ming YUE Min-nan YAN Yang-tian LI Zhi-hao LI Chun NIU Kai-lun School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

Offshore wind turbines(OWTs) suffer wind, wave and earthquake loads. The investigation of OWTs' dynamic response under environmental loads is essential for structural safety assessment. The soil-structure interaction(SSI)significantly affects the responses of OWT under environmental loads. However, there is few systematic research about the difference in the dynamic response of different SSI models under environmental loads. In order to solve the problem, the OWT is modeled by shell element, and several SSI models are built. The wind, wave and earthquake loads are taken into account. Moreover, the dynamic response, fatigue and buckling analysis are performed by ANSYS. The results indicate that SSI cannot be ignored in the dynamic response of the OWT under wind and wave loads. The SSI can decrease the displacement response of the OWT by 19% under wind and wave loads and reduce the fatigue damage of the pile. Multi-layer SSI can strongly influence the OWT's dynamic response under wind and wave loads or earthquake-only load. The vertical earthquake load increases the dynamic response in three ***, in order to simulate real environment, multi-layer SSI, soil damping and vertical SSI must be considered to evaluate the displacement response of the OWT under wind, wave and earthquake loads. The earthquake and gravity loads can cause more obvious response of the OWT than that of only wind and wave loads. The top and bottom of the tower are prone to occur buckling.

关键词： OWT soil structure interaction earthquake dynamic analysis structural damage

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3D particle streak velocimetry by defocused imaging

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Particuology 2023年第1期72卷 1-9页

作者： Xiangrui Dong Xiaoxiao Wang Wu Zhou Fangting Wang Xinran Tang Xiaoshu Cai School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

Particle streak velocimetry (PSV) has become one of the important branches of flow filed measurements. It extracts velocity information from particle trajectories captured by single frame long exposure images. Since the defocus of moving particle is inevitable during a long exposure time and under a large magnification, a novel three-dimensional (3D) velocity measurement method named defocusing particle streak velocimetry (DPSV) is proposed in this paper. On the one hand, an extension from two-dimensional (2D) to 3D velocity measurement with a monocular system is carried out. The depth information of the particle, which reflects the position in the third dimension, is indicated by the defocusing degree (characteristic parameter σ) of the particle images. The variation of σ along the trajectory is recognized by surface fitting of the gray value distribution of particle images, assuming that σ varies linearly along the trajectory. On the other hand, based on the linear fitting for the straight trajectory, an arc fitting model is developed for curved trajectories which are commonly captured in turbulent flow. The relationship between σ and the particle depth position z is experimentally calibrated using a LED light and a diaphragm. Finally, the DPSV method is verified in a submerged jet flow field as well as in a microchannel flow field to obtain the 3D velocity field with single monocular system.

关键词： Defocusing particle streak velocimetry Curve trajectory Three-dimensional velocity Gray value distribution

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Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of in-vessel phenomena under severe accident mitigation strategy based on ISAA-SAUP program

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 108-123页

作者： Hao Yang Ji-Shen Li Zhi-Ran Zhang Bin Zhang Jian-Qiang Shan School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The phenomenology involved in severe accidents in nuclear reactors is highly ***,integrated analysis programs used for severe accident analysis heavily rely on custom empirical parameters,which introduce considerable ***,in recent years,the field of severe accidents has shifted its focus toward applying uncertainty analysis methods to quantify uncertainty in safety assessment programs,known as“best estimate plus uncertainty(BEPU).”This approach aids in enhancing our comprehension of these programs and their further development and *** study concentrates on a third-generation pressurized water reactor equipped with advanced active and passive mitigation *** an Integrated Severe Accident Analysis Program(ISAA),numerical modeling and uncertainty analysis were conducted on severe accidents resulting from large break loss of coolant *** uncertainty parameters of the ISAA program were meticulously *** Wilks'formula,the developed uncertainty program code,SAUP,was employed to carry out Latin hypercube sampling,while ISAA was employed to execute batch *** analysis was then conducted on two figures of merit,namely hydrogen generation and the release of fission products within the pressure *** calculations revealed that hydrogen production and the fraction of fission product released exhibited a normal distribution,ranging from 182.784 to 330.664 kg and from 15.6 to 84.3%,*** ratio of hydrogen production to reactor thermal power fell within the range of 0.0578–0.105.A sensitivity analysis was performed for uncertain input parameters,revealing significant correlations between the failure temperature of the cladding oxide layer,maximum melt flow rate,size of the particulate debris,and porosity of the debris with both hydrogen generation and the release of fission products.

关键词： Gen-III PWR Severe accident mitigation Wilks’formula Hydrogen Fission products Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

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