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Automated computer-Aided Layout Planning for Robot Workcells

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第7期25卷 473-478页

作者： T.C. Lueth Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics Faculty for Computer Science University of Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 W-7500 Karlsruhe 1 Germany

This text presents an approach for planning robot workcells in three dimensions fully automatically. This automation is possible by a complete layout planning process inside the configuration space. To reach a sufficient shop floor layout in a short time, the cartesian configuration space and fast obstacle transformation routines are employed. An optimization algorithm minimizes the length of all collision free paths required for the performance of the workcell task. A final check by a graphical workcell task simulation, whether the layout is valid or not, is no longer required. This new planning approach enhances the conventional layout planning process and reduces the amount of necessary user interaction.

关键词： computer-aided planning workcell design layout planning collision-free path-planning cartesian configuration-space

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A design tool for hierarchical systems

A design tool for hierarchical systems

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： M. Glaser P. Kneisel Institute for Real-Time Control Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

Describes an approach for the development of hierarchical systems called ddraw (d esign draw). It is an object-oriented graphical design tool that allows the construction of structures by the use of a small set of graphical elements. A system in ddraw consists of components and relations between them. Components in turn may contain one or more subcomponents. Each of them can be provided with textual and graphical attributes. The attachment of any semantical meaning to components makes possible to employ ddraw in wide application fields. The created structures can be stored in an application-independent model description language (MDL), which allows its further use as input to other tools like code generators, syntax checkers, simulators, etc. Ddraw has been implemented on top of the X Windows system and uses windowing techniques and pointing devices to make the construction of complex systems manageable.< >

关键词： Hierarchical systems Object oriented modeling Power engineering and energy Testing Large-scale systems Costs Concrete real time systems Robot control Control systems

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Development and integration of a concurrently executing interactive user interface for the I-STAT protable clinical analyzer: A case study in real-time systems integration

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Journal of systems Integration 1992年第4期2卷 349-387页

作者： Gibson, Paul A. Stoyenko, Alexander D. I-STAT Limited Princeton 08540 NJ United States Real-Time Computing Laboratory Institute for Integrated Systems Research University Heights Newark 07102 NJ United States Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology University Heights Newark 07102 NJ United States

A novel real-time scheduler was developed to implement an interactive user interface for an existing state-of-the-art, hand-held blood analyzer. A software-timer-based scheduler was designed and implemented and guaranteed schedulability analysis performed to ensure that all hard execution deadlines could be met at run time. An execution bandwidth preservation mechanism that increases the robustness and predictability of the scheduler is presented. The paper is a case study that describes the design and development process from a point of view that emphasizes the importance of the systems integration issues that were encountered. © 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

关键词： automated health sector applications predictable real-time systems real-time systems integration schedulability analysis

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Making Configuration Expert System Development Less Costly

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第23期25卷 145-150页

作者： Bernd G. Welz Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics Prof Dr.-Ing. U. Rembold and Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Dillmann University of Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 D-7500 Karlsruhe 1 F.R.Germany

In this paper the software environment KONTEST is introduced which allOWS a non-programmer to build and maintain a knowledge-based configuration tool for a restricted class of configuration tasks. The use of an environment like KONTEST can be especially interesting for small and medium sized companies, that could not afford a customised configuration tool developed from scratch.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence expert system tools and techniques knoweldge based configuration knowledge acquisition

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PLANNING OF SENSING TASKS IN AN ASSEMBLY ENVIRONMENT

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC systems 1991年第3期4卷 221-254页

作者： WERLING, G 1. Institute for Real-Time Computer Control Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe D-7500 Karlsruhe Germany

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of past and recent work on planning sensing strategies for vision sensors. To achieve an economic use of robots in manufacturing, their programs must provide a high degree of fault-tolerance, security, and robustness to prevent unforeseen errors. Model errors (also termed uncertainties) are one of the most frequent reasons for such undesirable events. Robot systems can be made more reliable and fault-tolerant by providing them with capabilities of error detection and recovery, or error prevention. The latter may be achieved by reducing model errors using tactile and non-tactile sensors. The quality of a robot program synthesized by a task-level programming system depends on the accuracy of the model, since all information that is not explicitly given by the programmer must be derived from it. This means that the following questions have to be answered by the automatic task planner in order to plan non-tactile sensing strategies: (1) When do I have to use sensors to reduce uncertainty about the real world? (2) What do I have to use them for? (3) How do I have to use them to achieve the necessary information within an acceptable period of time? There are very few systems which deal broadly with the problem of robust robot programs, whereas there are numerous works on detail aspects of the field. The main approaches will be introduced and discussed in more detail. Finally, a new concept for generating sensor-integrated robust robot programs will be proposed.

关键词： VERIFICATION TASK-LEVEL PROGRAMMING ROBOT VISION UNCERTAINTY ASSEMBLY PLANNING FAULT TOLERANCE CLASSIFICATION PREDICTION CAMERA LOCATION

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AN ACTION-BASED PROCESS MODEL FOR DEXTEROUS MULTIFINGER HANDS

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC systems 1991年第3期4卷 201-219页

作者： WOHLKE, G BRAUN, T 1. Institute for Real-Time Computer Control Systems and Robotics Faculty for Informatics University of Karlsruhe 7500 Karlsruhe Germany

In this article, the development of an action-based process model is described which was especially tailored to the needs of modelling and simulating multifinger hands. The research has been concerned with a description technique using constraints for modelling the working environment and with the design of an appropriate process model for simulating complex movements of manipulation objects with multifinger hands. The paper presents the results of an object-oriented approach to the proposed model and consists of two parts: a constraint net that describes the connections and relations between cell components (robots, grippers, objects) in the working environment and a propagation algorithm that computes the new locations regarding the modifications and logical dependencies.

关键词： SYSTEM SIMULATION PROCESS MODEL CONSTRAINT NET PROPAGATION ALGORITHM OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

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Model-based diagnosis of complex systems: Structuring and temporal reasoning

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Annual Review in Automatic Programming 1991年第PART 1期16卷 41-45页

作者： Hübner, T Institute for Real Time Computer Systems and Robotics Faculty of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

Model-based diagnosis of industrial applications (i.e., complex systems) has to face a lot of problems inherent in complexity. Most applications involve thousands of components and are dynamic. The approach outlined in this paper is based on semantic nets representing causal and temporal knowledge to be used for fault diagnosis. A view-and a hierarchy-concept serve for structured modelling and focused diagnosis. An efficient diagnostic inference mechanism is based on a pre-computation phase, where diagnostic knowledge is restructured to grant efficient access operations during a diagnostic session phase. © 1992.

关键词： artificial intelligence causal reasoning expert systems Failure detection model-based modeling structuring temporal reasoning

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Model-based diagnosis of complex systems: Structuring and temporal reasoning

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1991年第10期24卷 41-45页

作者： T. Hübner Institute for Real Time Computer Systems and Robotics Faculty of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

Model-based diagnosis of industrial applications (i.e., complex systems) has to face a lot of problems inherent in complexity. Most applications involve thousands of components and are dynamic. The approach outlined in this paper is based on semantic nets representing causal and temporal knowledge to be used for fault diagnosis. A view and a hierarchy-concept serve for structured modelling and focused diagnosis. An efficient diagnostic inference mechanism is based on a pre-computation phase, where diagnostic knowledge is restructured to grant efficient access operations during a diagnostic session phase.

关键词： Failure detection artificial intelligence expert systems modeling causal reasoning temporal reasoning structuring model-based

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Elements of an advanced robot control system for assembly tasks

Elements of an advanced robot control system for assembly ta...

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International Conference on Advanced robotics (ICAR)

作者： X. Cheng D. Kappey J. Schloen Institute of Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

One of the goals of robotic research is the development of robot systems that are capable of operating in the real world. Besides an intelligent control architecture, this requires a powerful sensor system to recognise the environment and a set of intelligent sensor-controlled strategies to react to the uncertain conditions of the real world. This paper first describes the system architecture of the robot system which is being developed at the institute for real-time computer systems and robotics of the University of Karlsruhe and then concentrates on three aspects: knowledge-based image processing, generation of explicit robot actions and sensor-controlled assembly operations.< >

关键词： Robot control Assembly systems Robotic assembly Robot sensing systems computer architecture Intelligent control Sensor systems Intelligent robots Intelligent sensors real time systems

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Predicate/transition nets in FMS control

Predicate/transition nets in FMS control

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International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation

作者： U. Negretto U. Rembold R. Dillmann Institute for Real-time Computer Systems and Robotics USA University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

The author presents a design methodology for high-level control of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). The design procedures are addressed for the control model specification, the process execution software and the monitoring functions. A functional classification hierarchy of the system resources is introduced which is used for the representation of object class types in generic predicate/transition subnets (Pr/T). The subnets can be parameterized to the instances of the object class types. They can be related through internal and external topology relations. The relations describe the interaction and the synchronization between the resources. The complete Pr/T-net is called the functional model of the FMS. It describes the concurrency and synchronization of the FMS. It is used for the discrete event driven control of the process. The indeterminacy problem in the Pr/T-net was solved with the help of a task scheduler and a task-to-primitive-operation structure. The Pr/T-net was implemented in Prolog.< >

关键词： Flexible manufacturing systems Job shop scheduling Production systems Control design Design methodology Topology Process control Manufacturing industries Automation Automatic control

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