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Clemson University Power systems Conference (PSC)

作者： Lili Wu Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Ronald G. Harley Jinfeng Gao Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728103174;9781728103167

Contingency ranking in simple terms is a process deployed to select the most serious contingencies that happen to the power system in the event of unplanned component outages or topological changes. In this study, Cellular Jordan Recurrent Networks (CJRNs) based non-linear voltage prediction is used for contingency ranking. The CJRNs based predicted voltages are used in computing performance indices that give proximity to voltage collapse severity of contingencies. The problem is solved combining with concentric relaxation method to reduce computation time. In order to show the advantages of the proposed CJRNs method, single line contingency ranking is tested by CJRNs voltage prediction model trained by different time steps. A novel voltage prediction correction mechanism which is applied after the prediction process shows to be effective for all time steps based contingency ranking.

关键词： Power systems Training Generators Performance analysis Voltage measurement Predictive models Databases

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TIC: A scalable model checking based approach to WCET eEstimation 17

TIC: A scalable model checking based approach to WCET eEstim...

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17th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, Tools and Theory for Embedded systems, LCTES 2016

作者： Metta, Ravindra Becker, Martin Bokil, Prasad Chakraborty, Samarjit Venkatesh, R. Tata Research Development and Design Centre Pune India Technical University of Munich Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343169

The application of Model Checking to compute WCET has not been explored as much as Integer Linear Programming (ILP), primarily because model checkers fail to scale for complex programs. These programs have loops with large or unknown bounds, leading to a state space explosion that model checkers cannot handle. To overcome this, we have developed a technique, TIC, that employs slicing, loop acceleration and over-approximation on timeannotated source code, enabling Model Checking to scale better for WCET computation. Further, our approach is parametric, so that the user can make a trade-off between the tightness of WCET estimate and the analysis time. We conducted experiments on the Mälardalen benchmarks to evaluate the effect of various abstractions on the WCET estimate and analysis time. Additionally, we compared our estimates to those made by an ILP-based analyzer and found that ours were tighter for more than 30% of the examples and equal for the rest. ©2016 ACM.

关键词： Model checking

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Design space exploration of drone infrastructure for large-scale delivery services

Design space exploration of drone infrastructure for large-s...

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IEEE International Conference on computer-Aided Design

作者： Sangyoung Park Licong Zhang Samarjit Chakraborty Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems Technical University of Munich

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034215

Drones, also referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are recently expanding their field of usage beyond military surveillance and tactical applications. Commercial drone delivery service is one of the promising applications in the near future, and a number of companies are already pushing forward the legal and technical barriers to realize the concept. Unlike conventional applications of drones, the success of a commercial application depends critically on the profitability. The major sources of expense are the electricity cost and battery purchasing cost due to aging. Hence, it is crucial to maximize the energy efficiency and mitigate battery aging of the drone delivery business. However, no prior work has extensively assessed the problem for the business as a whole. This paper, for the first time, proposes a holistic and detailed analysis on the profitability and time to delivery of the drone delivery business. This paper identifies the major design parameters and runtime management potentials that affect the profitability and time to delivery of the business. We have implemented a discrete event simulator based on detailed models of the comprising components. We perform a design space exploration to understand the effects of the various battery configurations, battery attachment technique, drone flight speed, etc., on time to delivery, electricity cost, and battery purchasing cost. Our results show that such control knobs have a significant impact on the time to delivery and the operating cost of the business.

关键词： Batteries Drones Business Aging State of charge Biological system modeling Electric vehicles

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Testing automotive embedded systems under X-in-the-loop setups

Testing automotive embedded systems under X-in-the-loop setu...

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IEEE International Conference on computer-Aided Design

作者： Ghizlane Tibba Christoph Malz Christoph Stoermer Natarajan Nagarajan Licong Zhang Samarjit Chakraborty ETAS GmbH Stuttgart Germany Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems Technical University of Munich

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034215

The development of automotive electronics and software systems is often associated with high costs due to their multi-domain nature (including control engineering, electronics, hydraulics, mechanics, etc). The involvement of these different disciplines makes it difficult for control engineers to test their controllers with them being integrated in the whole system, in early development phases. By introducing the “XiL approach”, ETAS wants to leverage virtualization techniques in order to bring embedded systems to the desk of every developer. The XiL approach implies fast development cycles due to easy integration of software, vehicle and plant components on the PC. XiL strives for seamless transition between X-in-the-loop setups, with X representing any control model (M), software (S), or hardware (H) under test. This paper will outline this methodology with an engine management system example.

关键词： Mathematical model Standards Testing Computational modeling Embedded systems Vehicles

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Security in Automotive Networks: Lightweight Authentication and Authorization

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Mundhenk, Philipp Paverd, Andrew Mrowca, Artur Steinhorst, Sebastian Lukasiewycz, Martin Fahmy, Suhaib A. Chakraborty, Samarjit TUM CREATE 1 Create Way #10-02 Singapore138602 Singapore Department of Computer Science Aalto University Konemiehentie 2 EspooFI-02150 Finland School of Engineering University of Warwick Library Road CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems Technical University of Munich Arcisstr. 21 Munchen80290 Germany

With the increasing amount of interconnections between vehicles, the attack surface of internal vehicle networks is rising steeply. Although these networks are shielded against external attacks, they often do not have any internal security to protect against malicious components or adversaries who can breach the network perimeter. To secure the in-vehicle network, all communicating components must be authenticated, and only authorized components should be allowed to send and receive messages. This is achieved through the use of an authentication framework. Cryptography is widely used to authenticate communicating parties and provide secure communication channels (e.g. Internet communication). However, the real-time performance requirements of in-vehicle networks restrict the types of cryptographic algorithms and protocols that may be used. In particular, asymmetric cryptography is computationally infeasible during vehicle operation. In this work, we address the challenges of designing authentication protocols for automotive systems. We present Lightweight Authentication for Secure Automotive Networks (LASAN), a full life-cycle authentication approach. We describe the core LASAN protocols and show how they protect the internal vehicle network while complying with the real-time constraints and low computational resources of this domain. By leveraging on the fixed structure of automotive networks, we minimize bandwidth and computation requirements. Unlike previous work, we also explain how this framework can be integrated into all aspects of the automotive product life cycle, including manufacturing, vehicle maintenance and software updates. We evaluate LASAN in two different ways: Firstly, we analyze the security properties of the protocols using established protocol verification techniques based on formal methods. Secondly, we evaluate the timing requirements of LASAN and compare these to other frameworks using a new highly modular discrete event simulator for in-veh

关键词： Authentication

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Frame-based and thread-based power management for mobile games on HMP platforms

Frame-based and thread-based power management for mobile gam...

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IEEE International Conference on computer Design: VLSI in computers and Processors, (ICCD)

作者： Nadja Peters Dominik Füß Sangyoung Park Samarjit Chakraborty Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems Technical University of Munich Germany Technische Universitat Munchen Munchen Bayern DE

Games belong to the most popular but power-hungry applications on smartphones. Gaming workloads exhibit highly variable and user-interactive behavior, which makes it hard to predict the workload. Modern MPSoC (multiprocessor system-on-chip) platforms are equipped with heterogeneous multi-processing (HMP) processors comprising performance-oriented and energy-efficiency cores in order to better exploit power-performance trade-offs among different types of applications. To minimize the energy consumption of games on HMP platforms, it is essential to precisely predict the gaming workload and perform joint thread-to-core allocation as well as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). In this paper, we propose a frame- and thread-based MPSoC power management strategy for games. We focus on the fact that gaming workload has high temporal correlation among frames and evaluate selected workload predictors on a per-frame basis. Moreover, we find that there are two categories of thread workloads, periodic and aperiodic, and hence, propose to use a hybrid workload predictor. Based on the per-thread predictions, the power manager allocates the threads among the heterogeneous cores in an evenly distributed fashion in order to minimize the operating frequency while keeping the frames-per-second (FPS) constraint. We implement the game power manager as an Android governor on a state-of-the-art platform based on the Exynos5422 SoC, which is also incorporated in the Samsung Galaxy S5 smartphone. Our measurement results show that we save on average 41.9% of energy compared to the Android default governor. Further, we have performed a user study to evaluate the user perception of our governor. The gaming experience was rated between good and very good for all games.

关键词： Hardware Modems Games

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Model-based design of resource-efficient automotive control software

Model-based design of resource-efficient automotive control ...

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IEEE International Conference on computer-Aided Design

作者： Wanli Chang Debayan Roy Licong Zhang Samarjit Chakraborty TUM CREATE Singapore Singapore Institute of Technology Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems TU Munich Germany Technische Universitat Munchen Munchen Bayern DE

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034215

Automotive platforms today run hundreds of millions of lines of software code implementing a large number of different control applications spanning across safety-critical functionality to driver assistance and comfort-related functions. While such control software today is largely designed following model-based approaches, the underlying models do not take into account the details of the implementation platforms, on which the software would eventually run. Following the state-of-the-art in control theory, the focus in such design is restricted to ensuring the stability of the designed controllers and meeting control performance objectives, such as settling time or peak overshoot. However, automotive platforms are highly cost-sensitive and the issue of designing “resource-efficient” controllers has largely been ignored so far and is addressed using very ad hoc techniques. In this paper, we will illustrate how, following traditional embedded systems design oriented thinking, computation, communication and memory issues can be incorporated in the controller design stage, thereby resulting in control software not only satisfying the usual control performance metrics but also making efficient utilization of the resources on distributed automotive architectures.

关键词： Automotive engineering Actuators computer architecture Measurement Computational modeling Embedded systems

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Studying bioluminescence flashes with the ANTARES deep Sea neutrino telescope

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reeb, Nico Hutschenreuter, S. Zehetner, P. Ensslin, T. Albert, A. Alves, S. André, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anton, G. Ardid, M. Aubert, J.-J. Aublin, J. Baret, B. Basa, S. Belhorma, B. Bendahman, M. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M.C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Capone, A. Caramete, L. Carr, J. Carretero, V. Celli, S. Chabab, M. Chau, T.N. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Coleiro, A. Colomer-Molla, M. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Díaz, A.F. de Wasseige, G. Deschamps, A. Distefano, C. Di Palma, I. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Drouhin, D. van Eeden, T. Enzenhöfer, A. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filippini, F. Fusco, L. Gatelet, Y. Gay, P. Glotin, H. Gozzini, R. Ruiz, R. Gracia Graf, K. Guidi, C. Hallmann, S. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A.J. Hello, Y. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. Jisse-Jung, B. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jongen, M. Kadler, M. Kalekin, O. Katz, U. Khan-Chowdhury, N.R. Kouchner, A. Kreykenbohm, I. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, R. Lefèvre, D. Leonora, E. Levi, G. Lincetto, M. Lopez-Coto, D. Loucatos, S. Maderer, L. Manczak, J. Marcelin, M. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Martínez-Mora, J.A. Melis, K. Migliozzi, P. Moussa, A. Muller, R. Nauta, L. Navas, S. Nezri, E. Fearraigh, B.Ó. Organokov, M. Pavalaş, G.E. Pellegrino, C. Perrin-Terrin, M. Piattelli, P. Pieterse, C. Poirè, C. Popa, V. Pradier, T. Randazzo, N. Reck, S. Riccobene, G. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Greus, F. Salesa Samtleben, D.F.E. Sanguineti, M. Sapienza, P. Schnabel, J. Schumann, J. Schüssler, F. Spurio, M. Stolarczyk, Th. Taiuti, M. Tingay, S.J. Vallage, B. van Elewyck, V. Versari, F. Viola, S. Vivolo, D. Wilms, J. Zavatarelli, S. Zegarelli, A. Zornoza, J.D. Zúñiga, J. Information Field Theory Group Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Garching Germany Informatics 6 Chair of Robotics Artificial Intelligence and Real time Systems Technical University of Munich Garching Germany Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Physics Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Germany CERN Geneva Switzerland Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France Université de Haute Alsace MulhouseF-68200 France IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC Universitat de València c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValenciaE-46980 Spain Technical University of Catalonia Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics Rambla Exposició Vilanova i la Geltrú Barcelona08800 Spain INFN - Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Universitat Politècnica de València C/ Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France National Center for Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques B.P.1382 RabatR. P. 10001 Morocco University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 R.P. Rabat10000 Morocco Via S. Sofia 62 Catania95123 Italy University Mohammed I Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations B.P.717 Oujda6000 Morocco Nikhef Science Park Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Space Science Bucharest MagureleRO-077125 Romania Universiteit van Amsterdam Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica Science Park 105 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands INFN - Sezione di Roma P.le Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy LPHEA Faculty of Science - Semlali Cadi Ayyad University P.O

We develop a novel technique to exploit the extensive data sets provided by underwater neutrino telescopes to gain information on bioluminescence in the deep sea. The passive nature of the telescopes gives us the unique opportunity to infer information on bioluminescent organisms without actively interfering with them. We propose a statistical method that allows us to reconstruct the light emission of individual organisms, as well as their location and movement. A mathematical model is built to describe the measurement process of underwater neutrino telescopes and the signal generation of the biological organisms. The Metric Gaussian Variational Inference algorithm is used to reconstruct the model parameters using photon counts recorded by the neutrino detectors. We apply this method to synthetic data sets and data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The telescope is located 40 km off the French coast and fixed to the sea floor at a depth of 2475 m. The runs with synthetic data reveal that we can reliably model the emitted bioluminescent flashes of the organisms. Furthermore, we find that the spatial resolution of the localization of light sources highly depends on the configuration of the telescope. Precise measurements of the efficiencies of the detectors and the attenuation length of the water are crucial to reconstruct the light emission. Finally, the application to ANTARES data reveals the first precise localizations of bioluminescent organisms using neutrino telescope data. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Bioluminescence

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Biotime 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity time Series

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Maria Dornelas Laura H. Antão Amanda E. Bates Viviana Brambilla Jonathan M. Chase Cher F. Y. Chow Ada Fontrodona-Eslava Anne E. Magurran Inês S. Martins Faye Moyes Alban Sagouis Samuel Adu-Acheampong Daniel Acquah-Lamptey Dušan Adam Penelope A. Ajani Aitor Albaina Pablo Almaraz Jeongseop An Roger Sigismund Anderson Madelaine Jean Robertson Anderson Alexsander Z. Antunes Ivan Arismendi Linda Armbrecht Pedro Aros-Mardones Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Narayanan Ayyappan Gal Badihi Joseph J. Bailey Andrew H. Baird Mark Edward Baird Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan José António L. Barão-Nóbrega Adi Barash Miguel Barbosa Jos Barlow Claus Bässler Matthieu Beaumont Natalie Beenaerts Tiago Octavio Begot Wallace Beiroz Ricardo Beldade David M. Bell Alecia Bellgrove Jonathan Belmaker Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi Cassandra E. Benkwitt Pamela Medina-van Berkum Brandon T. Bestelmeyer Matthew G. Betts Maxwell Kelvin Billah Anne D. Bjorkman Magdalena Błażewicz Christopher P. Bloch Shane A. Blowes Antonio Bode Juliano A. Bogoni Thomas Bolger Timothy C. Bonebrake Erik Bonsdorff Roberta Bottarin Luke N. Brokensha Rob W. Brooker Andrew J. Brooks Helge Bruelheide Thiago Almeida Bueno Claire Laguionie Mariana Lopes Campagnoli James Cant Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi Alexandre Caron Tadhg Carroll Tancredi Caruso Juan Carvajal-Quintero Giuseppe Castaldelli Edward Castañeda-Moya Pedro V. Castilho Sonia Zanini Cechin Shahar Chaikin Uchangi Manjunatha Chandrashekara Tory J. Chase Chaolun Allen Chen Jorge José Cherem Sei-Woong Choi Erica M. Christensen Alexander V. Christianini Jackson Wing Four Chu Peter Coad Carl Van Colen Lise Comte Elisabeth J. Cooper J. Hans C. Cornelissen Eddy Cosson Unai Cotano Luc Crevecoeur Shannan Kyle Crow Graeme S. Cumming Vanessa S. Daga Gabriella Damasceno Gergana N. Daskalova Claire H. Davies Robert A. Davis Frank P. Day Sussy De-La-Zerda Amy Elizabeth Deacon Indradatta de Castro-Arrazola Steven Degraer Kharran Deonarinesingh Juan C. Diaz-Ricaurte Christopher R. Dickman Tara Dirilgen Ciaran John Dolan J. Emmet Centre for Biological Diversity School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife UK MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Research Centre for Ecological Change Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute Brno Czech Republic School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain Grupo de Oceanografía de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía CSIC Campus Universitario de Puerto Real Puerto Real Spain National Institute of Ecology Seocheon Republic of Korea African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria de Meio Ambiente Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Ecology & Biodiversity Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Graduate Program in Oceanography Department of Oceanography Faculty of Natural Scienc

Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the Biotime database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (Biotimer) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in Biotime are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. time Period and Grain The earliest time series in Biotime start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

关键词： assemblage biodiversity community database ecoinformatics species taxa time

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Deterministic models of the physical layer through signal simulation 8

Deterministic models of the physical layer through signal si...

引用

8th EAI International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTOOLS 2015

作者： Maier, Daniel Moser, Steffen Slomka, Frank Institute of Embedded Systems/Real-Time Systems Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science and Psychology Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781631900792

Current wireless network simulators provide very detailed and deterministic models of the network protocol layers, whereas rather simple and stochastic models, based on the signal-to-noise ratio, are used for the simulation of the physical layer. Although this approach can be sufficient to study the behavior of different upper layer protocol variations, it prevents an easy alteration of the physical layer because a stochastic abstraction of the physical layer must be provided in advance. In particular, the simulation of distributed systems with physical layers that are designed to have several senders transmitting signals at the same time intentionally, is hardly possible with current approaches. A further problem of stochastic physical layer simulations is the fact that the radio channel's influence must also be carried out stochastically, which limits the advantage of accurate ray-optical channel models. We present a novel approach for the accurate simulation of the physical layer by utilizing existing software-defined radio implementations to create signals, to calculate interference and to decode signals. This technique enables us to simulate wireless networks holistically and, furthermore, we can fully exploit the possibilities of available ray-optical channel models. Copyright © 2015 ICST.

关键词： Wireless networks

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