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Cover Picture: Macromol. biosci. 6/2006

Macromolecular bioscience 2006年第6期6卷

作者： Hak Soo Choi Tooru Ooya Nobuhiko Yui School of Materials Science and the 21st Century COE Program Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1‐1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923‐1292 Japan Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School 330 Brookline Avenue SL‐B05 Boston MA 02215 USA Department of Intelligent Design System Engineering Biotechnology Research Center Toyama Prefecrural University 5180 Kurokawa Imizu Toyama 939‐0398 Japan

Cover: The figure shows the formation of a block‐selective polyrotaxane composed of PEI‐b‐PEG‐b‐PEI copolymer by pH‐controlled threading of cyclodextrins (CDs) onto the copolymer. While the CD threads indiscriminately at high pH onto the entire block copolymer, lowering the pH to 4.4 in the presence of 9‐anthraldehyde results in expulsion of the macrocycles from the PEI blocks and capping of the rotaxane by a one‐pot sequence. Further details can be found in the article by H. S. Choi, T. Ooya, and N. Yui * on page 420.

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Deformation mechanisms in superplastic AA5083 materials

Deformation mechanisms in superplastic AA5083 materials

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作者： Kulas, Mary-Anne Green, W. Paul Taleff, Eric M. Krajewski, Paul E. McNelley, Terry R. Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-0292 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-0292 Research and Development Center General Motors Corp. Warren MI 48090-9056 Department of Mechanical Engineering Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943-5146

The plastic deformation of seven 5083 commercial aluminum materials, produced from five different alloy heats, are evaluated under conditions of interest for superplastic and quick-plastic forming. Two mechanisms are shown to govern plastic deformation in AA5083 over the strain rates, strains, and temperatures of interest for these forming technologies: grain-boundary-sliding (GbS) creep and solute-drag (SD) creep. Quantitative analysis of stress transients following rate changes clearly differentiates between GbS and SD creep and offers conclusive proof that SD creep dominates deformation at fast strain rates and low temperature. Furthermore, stress transients following strain-rate changes under SD creep are observed to decay exponentially with strain. A new graphical construction is proposed for the analysis and prediction of creep transients. This construction predicts the relative size of creep transients under SD creep from the relative size of changes in an applied strain rate or stress. This construction reveals the relative size of creep transients under SD creep to be independent of temperature;temperature dependence resides in the "steady-state" creep behavior to which transients are related.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Effects of deposition and synthesis parameters on size, density, structure, and field emission properties of Pd-catalyzed carbon nanotubes synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics a...

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology b: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 2005年第2期23卷 793-799页

作者： S. Wei W. P. Kang W. H. Hofmeister J. L. Davidson Y. M. Wong J. H. Huang Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Box 1661-B Vu Station B Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Republic of China

The effects of deposition parameters and NH3 pretreatment on the size and distribution of Pd catalytic particles and subsequently their effects on the characteristics of the synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were systematically investigated. It was found that the size of Pd particles decreases and the particle density (total number of Pd particles per unit area) increases as the Pd film thickness decreases. Moreover, pretreatment of Pd film in NH3 gas promotes smaller Pd particles and higher particle density which is beneficial for CNT growth. The CNTs were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition at 750 °C using methane (CH4) as the carbon source, and a mixture of Ar/H2 (80 vol %: 20 vol %) as a carrier gas with NH3 serving as a processing reagent. The incorporation of NH3 in CNT synthesis, per the specific pretreatment of catalytic film, has a distinct effect on the size and morphology of CNTs produced. The interrelation between processing, structure and emission behavior of CNTs produced with different synthesis conditions was examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission measurements.

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Nanocrystalline Rare Earth-doped Gallium Nitride Phosphor Powders

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2005年第1期866卷 184-189页

作者： Hirata, G.A. Tao, J. Chen, P. Mishra, K.C. McKittrick, J. CCMC-UNAM Ensenada B.C. Mexico Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California at San Diego La Jolla USA Osram Sylvania Central Research Beverly USA

We report on the fabrication and luminescent properties of rare earth-doped gallium nitride (GaN) phosphor powders. Single phase GaN and GaN:RE3+ powders were prepared by using a novel chemical route. In this work a new method for the synthesis of high purity, single phase doped GaN powders is reported. (Ga1-xREx)N powders are obtained by dissolving metal nitrates (Ga(NO3)3, (RE(NO3)3) in deionized water and an organic fuel (hydrazine) in order to form a gallium/RE amorphous/nanocrystalline powder. The RE-oxide powders are then reacted with heated ammonia at different temperatures and processing times producing GaN:RE phosphors. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single phase GaN powders are formed. Preliminary results show (Ga0.95Eu0.05)N powders are luminescent, with the main emission occurring at 611 nm which is due to the 5D0→7F2 transitions in Eu3+. High-purity GaN powders are obtained according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) chemical analysis. Low-temperature cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence measurements indicate that the emission at λ=611 nm is originated from energy transfer from the host to the rare earth ion and to a direct excitation to the Eu3+ electronic levels. This method can be used to obtain red-luminescence GaN:Eu3+ and other rare earth (e.g. Er, Tb, Tm)-doped GaN powders to produce green and blue luminescence as well.

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Nanocrystalline material in toroidal cores for current transformer: Analytical study and computational simulations

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materials Research 2005年第4期8卷 395-400页

作者： Luciano, benedito Antonio Cavalcante de Albuquerque, João Marcelo benício de Castro, Walman Moreira Afonso, Conrado Ramos Department of Electrical Engineering CEEI/UFCG P.B. 10105 58109 970 Campina Grande - PB Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering CCT/UFCG P.B. 10105 58109-970 Campina Grande - PB Brazil Department of Materials Engineering Pos-Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering UFSCar Via Washington Luís km 235 13565-905 São Carlos - SP Brazil

based on electrical and magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization, initial permeability, and coercivity, in this work are presented some considerations about the possibilities of applications of nanocrystalline alloys in toroidal cores for current transformers. It is discussed how the magnetic characteristics of the core material affect the performance of the current transformer. From the magnetic characterization and the computational simulations, using the finite element method (FEM), it has been verified that, at the typical CT operation value of flux density, the nanocrystalline alloys properties reinforce the hypothesis that the use of these materials in measurement CT cores can reduce the ratio and phase errors and can also improve its accuracy class. © 2005.

关键词： Steel

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engineering the environmentally sound warship for the twenty-first century

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 189-217页

作者： Markle, SP Gill, SE McGraw, PS Udr. Stephen P. Markle USN is a career Engineering Duty officer assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command Arlington Virginia where he is Deputy Directs Environmental Programs Division (SEA 03L1 B). He is responsible fm program management activities associated with all ahat environmental protection equipment design and selection of environmental protection equipment and systems fm future surface ship designs (DD 21 CVN 7Z CW LPD 17) and serves on several teams designed to promote Nay wide awarmss of environmental protection requirements and Nay programs to meet these challenges. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a naval engineers degree and master of science in mechanical engineering. His interest in environmental issues predates his undergraduate studies at Syracuse Universityl State University of New Ymk College of Environmental Science and Fmestry where he received a bachelm of science degree in fmest engineering from the School of Environmental and Resource Engineering. LCdx Markle has qualified as a Surface Warfare Officer and in submarines through the Engineering Duty Dolphin Program he is a member of the Acquisition Professional Community and a graduate of the Defense Systems Management College Advanced Program Managers Course. He is a professional engineer registered in the State of New York and is a member ofthe American Society of Naval Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers American Society for Testing and Materials Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and Society of Automotive Engineers. Peter 5. McGraw is current the Acting Branch Head ofthe Solid Waste Management Branch (Code 634) of the Environmental Quality Dwrtment of the Naval Surfice Warfare Centel: Carderock Division. As such he is responsible for among other things: the Shipboard Advanced Incinerator RDT&E Program the Submarine Plastic Waste RDT&E Program Solid Waste Processing Equipment Design Acquisitio

The past twenty-five years has been marked by the introduction ed marine environmental regulations that have had a profound effect on how ships are designed, built and operated. Ships being designed and built today must accommodate not only current regulations but anticipate those enacted over their thirty to fifty year life cycles. U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Office of Environmental, Safety and Health (CNO N45) has articulated a vision for the Environmentally Sound Warship of the Twenty-first Century. This vision incorporates the "Sense of Congress" for a naval ship designed to operate in full compliance with environmental regulations worldwide. The task of the Navy engineering team is to translate this vision into reality;a ship capable of prevailing in time of war and able to conduct operations in all areas of the globe, unencumbered by special procedures for environmental compliance. The keys to this warship design are the early integration of environmentally sound principles, materials, and processes into the ship acquisition process;minimization of both hazardous materials and generation of post shipboard consumer waste during operation;adaptation of integrated systems to reduce the volume of wastes and enhance processing efficiency;reduced manpower requirements;and crew indoctrination in environmental protection.

关键词： Ships Environmental regulations engineering ARTICULATED Navy environmental security

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Contributory presentations/posters

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Journal of biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney b. K. biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan b. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. betzel S. Ghosh A. K. bera S. bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal b. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves blouquit Joël Mispelter bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin b. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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Removal of volatile organic compounds horn surfactant solutions by flash vacuum stripping in a packed column

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1998年第4期18卷 157-165页

作者： Choori, UN Scamehorn, JF O'Haver, JH Harwell, JH Umesh Choori received his B. Tech. in chemical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur and his M.S. in chemical engineering at the University of Oklahoma. John Scamehorn holds the Asahi Glass Chair in Chemical Engineering and is Associate Director of the Institute for Applied Surfactant Research at the University of Oklahoma (Norman OK 73019). He received his B.S. and M.S. at the University of Nebraska and his Ph.D. at the University of Texas all in chemical engineering. Dr. Scamehorn has worked for Shell Conoco and DuPont and has been on a number of editorial boards for journals in the area of surfactants and separation science. He has edited three books and coauthored more than 120 technical papers. His research interests include surfactant properties important in consumer product formulation and surfactant-based separation processes. John O'Haver is currently an assistant professor in chemical engineering at the University of Mississippi. He received his degrees from the University of Oklahoma two in secondary education and one in chemical engineering. Dr. O'Haver taught high school for 12 years before returning for his Ph.D. His research interests are in the areas of fundamental and applied surfactant science. Jeffrey Harwell holds the Conoco/DuPont Professorship in Chemical Engineering and is Director of the School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Oklahoma. He received his B.A. in chemistry and M.S. in chemical engineering at Texas A&M University a M.Div. at the Western Conservative Baptist Seminary and his Ph.D. at the University of Texas in chemical engineering. Dr. Harwell is a cofounder of Surbec Environmental and is president of Surfactant Associates. He has served as a program director at NSF for one year and was the Victor K. Lamer award winner in 1984. He has edited three books and coauthored more than 80 technical papers. His research interests include surfactants in environmental remediation and in material property modification.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be removed from contaminated ground water and subsurface media by surfactant-enhanced remediation processes. For the process to be economically competitive it is necessary to recover and reuse the surfactant from this concentrated solution. The VOC can be removed from this concentrated solution by flash vacuum stripping, leaving the surfactant solution for reuse. In this study, the flash vacuum stripping of trichloroethylene (TCE) from an anionic surfactant solution in a co-current packed column was studied under rough vacuum conditions. The presence of surfactants lead to a reduction in the overall liquid phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient (MTC) of 40 to 95%, depending on flow rate and surfactant concentration at 50 degrees C and 16 kPa. At liquid loading rates of less than 13 cm(3)/cm(2)min, the MTC of TCE decreases rapidly with an increase in liquid loading rate, and at liquid loading rates above that, the MTC decreases slightly with an increase in the liquid loading rate. This trend may have been due to foaming. At surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration, the effect of surfactant concentration was not significant at liquid loading rates less than 13 cm(3)/cm(2)min. However, beyond that rate, the MTC of TCE decreased drastically with an increase in surfactant concentration. The MTC of TCE increased with an increase in temperature. A large pressure drop (3 to 4 kPa/m) was observed across the packed bed due to foaming.

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Meeting the 21st century with SMART mission flexibility

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 341-346页

作者： Alexander, RK Olmstead, L Ronald K. Alexander P.E.:received his B.S. degree in mechnaical engineering from Purdue University and his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. He is currently manager quality programs at RGE Engineering Service Company where he provides technical support to the ATC Program in the area of combat system modularity design. lhe is a member of ASNE and the Surface Navy Association. Larry Olmstead:received his B.L.S. degree in mathematics and computer scienc from Mary Washington College in 1982 and his M.S. degree in system management from the University of Southern California in 1986. He chaired the C'I Modular Implementation Wroking Group (MIWG) from its inception in September 1993 to December 1996 as a combat system engineer in the PEO CLA Engineering management Office (Code PMS307). He is currently employed at Science Application International Corporation.

A revolution is underway in the design, production and installation of the Navy/Marine Corps team's command, control, communications, computers and intelligence ((CI)-I-4) vision and strategies, which is significantly reducing costs, and dramatically improving the battle readiness of tomorrow's forward deployers. A strong emphasis on research and development has enabled the design, development and installation of the Shipboard Modular Arrangement Reconfiguration Technology (SMART) systems in ships. SMART is a methodology for installing equipment in shipboard spaces that will provide the fleet with enhanced mission flexibility. The heart of this technology is a track rail system, similar to that used by the aircraft industry, which enables equipment to be bolted to the deck, bulkheads or overhead, and meets all shipboard shock and vibration requirements. The fleet can reconfigure designated spaces to receive new systems, install equipment upgrades, position cross-decked systems, or rearrange work areas with minimal industrial work (welding, grinding, lagging, painting, etc.), and maximum cost savings. Key (CI)-I-4 spaces such as Tactical Flag Command Center (TFCC), Joint Operations Center (JOC), Communication Centers, etc., can be reconfigured as required. Thereby, new technology insertion can enable rapid deployment of state-of-the-art technologies much faster than the standard method of welding foundations in place to support various equipment installations. The SMART system includes a foundation track system, modular-connectorized power and lighting, and modular workstations.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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