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Approach to a GPT-based Early Detection Tool to Evaluate Heterogeneous Data Sources and Identify Reconfiguration Needs of SMEs in the Production Sector

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 130卷 631-636页

作者： Adrian Jacob Anas Ben Achour Uwe Teicher Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Str. 7a 01189 Dresden Germany TU Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Helmholtzstr. 7a 01062 Dresden Germany

In the face of a rapidly evolving commercial ecosystem, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must ensure their process chains are capable of swift reconfiguration to mitigate disruptions from supply chain volatility, regulatory changes, and demand shifts. This study addresses the need for reconfiguration in the context of data-driven opportunities for early identification of reconfiguration needs in SMEs, with a focus on the production sector. We identify a variety of diverse and heterogeneous data sources that are critical for tracking these disruptions, such as public news, economic reports, market analyses, legal documents, and internal corporate records. To make use of these data streams, we propose an innovative early detection tool that employs advanced machine learning techniques and private, locally operated Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPTs). This system is intended to process and analyze the various data formats that SMEs encounter including HTML, PDF and plain text as well as quantitative data. By combining public and company internal data while addressing privacy concerns, the tool aims to provide SMEs with a comprehensive tracking of their commercial environments. The tool also addresses the challenges posed by the limited availability of large datasets within SMEs, which are typically required for effective use of machine learning techniques, allowing for effective operation with smaller datasets. As these technologies continue to advance, their impact across various industries, including legal, manufacturing, and supply chain management, is set to expand significantly. The proposed tool offers SMEs enhanced decision-making, compliance assurance, and the ability to proactively adapt to the unpredictable global business landscape.

关键词： Early Detection Decision support Reconfiguration machine Learning GPT

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Investigations on Case Hardening of an Additive Manufactured Steel 20MnCr5 (via PBF-LB/M)

Investigations on Case Hardening of an Additive Manufactured...

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作者： Mallow, S. Schmitt, M. Gebauer, M. Stockburger, R. Reich, M. Kessler, O. Materials Science University of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 2 Rostock18059 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Casting Composite and Processing Technology Igcv Augsburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Iwu Dresden Germany Hanomag Härtol Lohnhärterei GmbH Gommern Germany

As an additive manufacturing process, powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) enables the near-net-shape production of complex components in a single step. In combination with case hardening, it will thus be possible in the future to produce lightweight, functionally integrated transmission components characterized by high-strength surface layers with a sufficiently tough component core. However, the process-related new initial conditions resulting from very high solidification rates in PBF-LB/M may mean that case hardening of PBF-LB/M materials with standard parameters achieves different case hardening results than have been usual in the past. This hypothesis was investigated in the present work using the case hardening steel 20MnCr5 (material number 1.7147) after successful development of industry-relevant PBF-LB/M parameters. Besides the convincing results regarding microstructure, hardness and carbon depth profiles, case hardening with standard parameters led to irregular grain growth due to holding at high temperatures for several hours during carburization. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Germany.

关键词： 3D printing

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A New Paradigm in Surface Reconstruction: LTP Features from Surface Images for Inverse Process Modeling

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 975-980页

作者： Mei Yun Liu Thomas Wiener Martin Dix Professorship Production Systems and Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

This study explores the adaptation of Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) for surface reconstruction, extending its use beyond traditional texture analysis. A systematic methodology, including patch optimization, parameter optimization, and feature selection, is proposed to extract surface-relevant features from images. Applied to spark-eroded surfaces, LTP enables differentiation of surface structures, with slightly reduced classification performance for surfaces with very fine or very coarse roughness. Despite this, the method demonstrates high potential for inverse process modeling, offering a cost-effective alternative for correlating manufacturing parameters with surface characteristics, contributing to improved process optimization and quality control in precision manufacturing.

关键词： Inverse Process Model Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) Surface Reconstruction Electrical discharge machining (EDM)

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Ultrasonic assistance to reduce and monitor tool wear in deep drilling 21

Ultrasonic assistance to reduce and monitor tool wear in dee...

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21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021

作者： Georgi, Oliver Rüger, Carlo Rentzsch, Hendrik Putz, Matthias Dix, Martin Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775190

In deep drilling, the large aspect ratio of hole depth to diameter causes problems in terms of chip formation and removal as well as tool vibrations. In addition, tool wear leads to a deterioration of process properties and decreasing process reliability. Therefore, scientific approaches aim to improve productivity and quality via a reduction of tool wear. Furthermore, methods for monitoring process conditions, specifically known as tool condition monitoring, contribute to an increase in performance. Superimposing ultrasonic vibrations to the conventional process is known as an approach with various potentials like reduced tool wear and burr formation or enhanced chip breaking behaviour. Aiming to realize in-process measurements to identify tool conditions, ultrasonic assistance enables the application of new monitoring techniques. In this context, the paper introduces a new approach to monitor tool wear using characteristic values of the resonant ultrasonic system coupled with the machining process. Experimental investigations considering deep drilling in steel 1.2311 show prove of the positive influence of ultrasonic assistance on the progress of tool wear. Furthermore, in-process measurements demonstrate that the new approach is able to monitor tool wear. © 2021 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aspect ratio

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Software assisted clamping point classification and position optimization for the efficient flexibilization of carbody fixtures using mathematical geometry-based search algorithms 14

Software assisted clamping point classification and position...

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Fritzsche, Rayk Schaffrath, Robert Todtermuschke, Marcel Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

The Fraunhofer IWU has been developed specialized clamping robots for production of different car-models on one fixture. One of the challenges with universal clamping of different components is the contact point between part and clamping device. For the optimization of the clamping contours, a software was developed with which the geometries of the clamping points can be automatically analyzed and classified. With target search criteria, the clamping position on the component can be changed so that the clamping contours are geometrically simplified. Thus, a huge reduction in the complexity of the flexible clamping device is possible. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Product design

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Novel method for manufacturing herringbone gears by power skiving

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 112卷 310-315页

作者： Ruben Bauer Martin Dix Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Due to the symmetrical flank configuration, herringbone gears have no resulting axial forces and a smaller tooth width than helical gears. Because of existing manufacturing limitations, currently only double helical gears with wide center space or assembled herringbone gears are applied. In the present work, a novel machining method for herringbone gears by power skiving is presented. For this purpose, tool and technology are designed using a mathematical process model and tested subsequently. It is shown that the process can produce the required geometry with significant improvements on productivity and accuracy. Additionally, the unused center area can be eliminated.

关键词： herringbone gears power skiving gear machining process model planetary gears

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Experimental validation of characteristic diagram-parameterization for environment-induced thermal interactions on machine tools in a climate chamber 14

Experimental validation of characteristic diagram-parameteri...

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Kumar, Tharun Suresh Glänzel, Janine Tehel, Robert Putz, Matthias Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Thermal gradients created by environmental influences on machine tools cause considerable non-linear thermo-elastic deformations whether the machine is in operation or in idle mode. When a machine tool is subjected to changes in environmental influences such as ambient air temperature, velocity or direction, then flow (CFD) simulations are necessary to effectively quantify the thermal behavior between the machine tool surface and the surrounding air. The conventional two-step simulation procedure consisting of coupled CFD and thermo-elastic simulation is highly time-consuming especially when complex geometries are considered. Decoupling of CFD and thermo-elastic simulation can be achieved by introducing a Clustering Algorithm (CA) and Characteristic Diagrams (CDs) within the simulation workflow. Using training data obtained from a limited number of CFD simulations, the CDs can predict the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) based on the parameterized environmental influences. This paper attempts to validate the experimental temperature and displacement readings obtained at selected positions on a machine tool using a wide range of metrological equipment such thermography camera, temperature and displacement sensors with the decoupling approach based on parameterized CDs. For investigation, the machine tool is positioned in a climate chamber, which facilitates the variation of environmental influences such as ambient temperature, flow velocity and flow direction. Initially, a precise coupled simulation model is created which is later on converted to a decoupled system using parameterized CDs. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： machine tools

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Generative design in factory layout planning 14

Generative design in factory layout planning

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Süße, Marian Putz, Matthias Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Planning and optimization of facility layouts have been investigated for decades and manifold approaches are applied for structuring and design of production layouts. However, results heavily depend on the experience and creativity of involved planning experts. Currently, complexity of planning processes constantly increases, e.g. due to further requirements of energy and media supply. Generative Design, hitherto mainly applied in component development, provides opportunities to cope with a much larger solution space and develop creative layout concepts. Thus, based on a structured overview on established planning methods, a concept and first results of factory layout planning with Generative Design are described. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Plant layout

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Incremental micro-forming for surface finishing with piezoelectrically actuated hammering tool with coupling unit 21

Incremental micro-forming for surface finishing with piezoel...

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21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021

作者： Fiedler, Maik Kolouch, Martin Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775190

machine hammer peening can be referred as an incremental mechanical surface treatment procedure, which can be realized by using various tools being based on various actuator principles. For the purpose of high productivity, a high-performance drive for generating vibrations in the tool of a high frequency is desired. Therefore, this paper presents a new hammer peening tool with a piezoelectric actuator. In order to facilitate this actuator principle for practical applications, a coupling unit is necessary being installed between the tool and the machine. This coupling unit insulates the process vibration at the machine (e.g. a machine tool or an industrial robot) and changes the operating mode of the hammer peening process from position controlled to force controlled. In such way, the accuracy of the positioning movement as well as the accuracy of the workpiece are not the issue anymore and the piezoelectrically actuated tool with a low stroke of 120 µm can be deployed for practical applications. This tool together with the coupling unit can reach hammering frequencies in the range from 800 to 1300 Hz. These frequencies enable higher feed rates and productivity of the hammer peening process than tools with pneumatic or electromagnetic actuators being available on the market. For the purpose of demonstration of the tool potential, some experimental tests are presented in this paper. Here, workpiece being milled like in die making were treated by the hammer peening process with the new tool. The surface were smoothed from Ra 1.18 μm to Ra 0.10 μm. © 2021 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piezoelectric actuators

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Influence of engagement parameters on estimation of tangential cutting force using high-frequency process data of the machine tool 16

Influence of engagement parameters on estimation of tangenti...

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16th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2022

作者： Rytir, Michal Rönnecke, Jonas Hänel, Albrecht Kolar, Petr Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Institute of Informatics Robotics and Cybernetics Department of Industrial Production and Automation Jugoslávských partyzánu 1580/3 Prague160 00 Czech Republic Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Department of Production Digital Twin Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Chair of Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Controls Dresden01062 Germany

The machining of high-value products needs advanced quality control to avoid the risk of expensive follow-up operations performed on parts with unacceptable quality. This situation requires the in-process or close to in-process control of the machining operation. The tangential cutting force is a parameter that characterizes the force interaction between the specific workpiece material and the specific tool geometry. This paper presents a method for a tangential cutting force calculation along the given tool path based on processing of the high-frequency data acquired from the machine tool control system with support of the geometric material removal model. The calculated data are compared with the reference dynamometer results. The influence of the variable engagement parameters is demonstrated and discussed from the perspective of the in-process workpiece quality control. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： machine tools

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