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Chromium Promoted the Efficient and Stable Catalytic Degradation of Propane Over Pt/Hzsm-5 Catalyst: Optimization and Reaction Mechanism

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Jian, Yanfei Xu, He Wang, Yao Wang, Jingjing Xia, Lianghui Liu, Yujie Yu, Yanke He, Chi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Yunnan University China

Light alkanes are a class of ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which bring great environmental hazards and health risks. However, low-temperature degradation of light alkanes is still a great challenge. Herein, a series of Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts without/with additives of Cr were fabricated. Catalytic performance of the catalyst for C3H8 low temperature combustion was investigated. It was found that Cr element had a significant effect on the activity of Pt/HZSM-5. Pt/Cr1/HZSM-5 performed the best activity for C3H8, excellent high temperature stability and water resistance. Characterization results of catalysts indicated that the introduction of Cr element could fix Pt site to promote the dispersion of Pt on the support. Moreover, the interaction between Cr and Pt produced more active Pt species, surface active lattice oxygen and acidic sites, which could promote the activation of C-H bonds in C3H8. Theoretical calculations showed that the interface between Pt and Cr had stronger adsorption for O2 and C3H8, which could accelerate propane oxidation. In this study, the effect of transition metal elements on the promotion of noble metal catalysts in the low-temperature degradation of light alkanes was discussed in depth, and it provided a reference for the design of efficient noble metal molecular sieve catalysts. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular sieves

A Novel Optimization Framework for Distributed Multi-Energy System Management and Multi-Energy Pricing Based on Stackelberg Game

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Yang, Sifan Zhao, Quanbin Jia, Yifan Ou, Kejie Hu, Guangtao Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To achieve low-carbon operation of distributed multi-energy system (DMES) and enhance its activity in the energy market, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective Stackelberg game model. The DMES operator (DMEO) acts as the leader, guiding users’ behavior through DMES optimal scheduling and multi-energy pricing. The optimization objectives include maximizing DMEO revenues, minimizing DMES primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. The users act as followers, adjusting energy demand based on upper-level energy pricing with the objective of maximizing consumption surplus. To achieve the low-carbon and flexible operation of DMES, carbon trading and demand response mechanisms are introduced. The upper-level model is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III), while the lower-level model is solved by the Gurobi solver. Furthermore, a robust optimization model with adjustable robust measure is established to mitigate the impact of renewable energy uncertainty. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by a data center in Qinghai. Compared with traditional Stackelberg game model, the proposed model reduces DMEO revenue by 0.63% but decreases carbon emissions by 1.64% and energy consumption by 1.59%. Under this optimization framework, the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of DMES are 0.798 and 0.535, and the share of renewable energy is 34.6%. Besides, increasing renewable energy uncertainty leads to lower DMEO revenue, higher carbon emissions and energy consumption, while significantly reducing energy efficiency and exergy efficiency. The proposed multi-objective Stackelberg game model may provide some references for multi-stage energy system optimization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

Influence of Bentonite on Copper Corrosion in Simulated Repository Electrolyte

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ning, Zhiyuan Zhou, Qulan Li, Na Macdonald, Digby D. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The impact of bentonite on the corrosion of oxygen-free copper (OF-Cu) and oxygen-free phosphorous copper (OFP-Cu) in prototypical groundwater environments (standard reference electrolyte, SRE) simulating the storage of copper High-Level Nuclear Waste (HLNW) cannisters in granitic rock repositories is explored. At low corrosion potentials (-0.1VSCE), bentonite suppresses copper corrosion in SRE through the anion-exclusion effect, with its inhibitory impact intensifying at higher bentonite concentrations. As the corrosion potential rises, bentonite’s enhanced adsorption of metal cations increases the corrosion current. Additionally, bentonite hydrolysis producing silicate ions that accelerates pitting corrosion, culminating in passive film breakdown. This dual mechanism may amplify intergranular corrosion. In environments where bentonite exacerbates corrosion, OFP-Cu demonstrates superior corrosion resistance, though the introduction of phosphorus may influence the acceleration of intergranular corrosion following passivity breakdown. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bentonite

Influence of Bentonite on Copper Corrosion in Simulated Repository Electrolyte

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SSRN 2024年

The impact of bentonite on the corrosion of oxygen-free copper (OF-Cu) and oxygen-free phosphorous copper (OFP-Cu) in prototypical groundwater environments (standard reference electrolyte, SRE) simulating the storage of copper High-Level Nuclear Waste (HLNW) cannisters in granitic rock repositories is explored. At low corrosion potentials (-0.1V), bentonite suppresses copper corrosion in SRE through the anion-exclusion effect, with its inhibitory impact intensifying at higher bentonite concentrations. As the corrosion potential rises, particularly beyond the "bell-shaped" region in the polarization curve, bentonite's enhanced adsorption of metal cations increases the corrosion current. Additionally, bentonite hydrolysis producing silicate ions that accelerates pitting corrosion, culminating in passive film breakdown. This dual mechanism may amplify intergranular corrosion. In environments where bentonite exacerbates corrosion, OFP-Cu demonstrates superior corrosion resistance, though the introduction of phosphorus may influence the acceleration of intergranular corrosion following passivity breakdown. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Copper corrosion

Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of high temperature air in round tube

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International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and Technology 2021年 3卷 200-205页

作者： Qin, Hao Wang, Chenglong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

Air is widely utilized as working fluid in heat exchangers with high heat flux and high temperature, and the empirical correlations for predicting local and total heat transfer coefficients are indispensable for thermal design and optimization of the heat exchange applications. Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of high temperature air in round tube is conducted. The experimental system is designed and constructed. The data processing method for obtaining wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient is introduced. The measured local and total heat transfer coefficients are compared with the widely adopted correlations, including Taylor's correlation and Gnielinski's correlation. The suggested empirical correlations obtained from the experimental data are presented, which may contribute to the design of heat exchangers concerning with high temperature air. © 2021 Xi'an Jiaotong University

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

Study on the Dynamic Characteristics, Control Strategy and Load Variation Rate of the Concentrated Solar power Plant

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Gen Du, Guanghan Liu, Guixiu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

With more and more wind power and photovoltaic power connected to the electric power system, it has brought great challenges to the stability of the power grid. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plant as one form of solar power generation can undertake the task of load regulation and frequency regulation in power grid to balance the electricity demand and generation. However, the maximum load variation rate of the CSP plant is not known, which limits sufficient utilization of its advantages. In this study, a dynamic simulation model of the CSP plant was built using the APROS, and the dynamic characteristics were investigated by applying the step disturbances to molten salt flowrate, molten salt temperature, and the opening of steam regulating valve. Based on the results of dynamic characteristics, the control strategies were developed with the consideration of thermal storage in system and the feedforward signal of set load and load variation rate. Then, the maximum load increase and reduction rates within different load ranges were studied. The results indicated that the steam regulating valve could be used to control turbine power, molten salt flowrate could be used to control steam pressure, and the molten salt temperature could be used to control steam temperature. The designed control system could effectively follow the load variation, with the load deviation less than 0.3 MW and the steam temperature deviation less than 1.2 ℃ in the condition of load variation rate at 3% Pe·min-1. The maximum load increase and reduction rates were 11.57% Pe·min-1 and 8.94% Pe·min-1 within the load range of 75%THA-100%THA, and they were 10.42% Pe·min-1 and 7.46% Pe·min-1 within the load range of 50%THA-75%THA, respectively. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Concentrated solar power

Exploring Comprehensive Properties of a Novel Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase Change Material Of Lauric Acid-Palmitic Acid- Tetradecyl Alcohol/Vitrified Beads for Thermal Energy Storage

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yan, Qiuhui Jia, Mengyu Luo, Jieren Meng, Zeyu School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an710055 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Excellent thermal properties are the cornerstone of phase change materials (PCMs) employed for energy storage, and leakage prevention and sufficient strength are the key problems that must be solved in the practical application process of PCMs. Therefore, the advantages of ternary PCMs (Lauric Acid-Palmitic Acid-Tetradecyl Alcohol, LA-PA-TA) and adsorbent carriers (Vitrified Bead, VB) are integrated to obtain a novel LA-PA-TA/VB composite PCM which exhibits favorable phase change temperature (20.1°C-20.5°C) and excellent subcooling (0.4°C). Then, the novel LA-PA-TA/VB is encapsulated with five materials to form shape-stabilized PCMs to reduce leakage. The experiments show that a shape-stabilized LA-PA-TA/VB (SS-LA-PA-TA/VB) encapsulated with the real stone paint emulsion-cement powder presents the optimal packaging effect, namely superior stability and reliability with low mass loss ratio of only 2.67% after 50 times phase change cycles. Next, the SS-LA-PA-TA/VB of the optimal package is further made into thermal energy storage mortar (TESM) with different SS-LA-PA-TA/VB content. It is shown that the thermal properties of TESM increase and the mechanical properties decrease with LA-PA-TA/VB. However, even with the LA-PA-TA up to 30% (30TESM), the compressive strength, flexural strength, apparent density, water absorption, and softening coefficient of the TESM still meets the Chinese National Standard, and some microscopic mechanisms have been investigated. Lastly, temperature regular ability and heat insulation performance of 30TESM and reference mortar are compared by temperature probe embedded inside the mortar blocks and installed in experiential small room. The results present that internal temperature of the mortar blocks, backside and central temperature of small room are 5.4°C, 5.6°C and 2.1°C lower than that of the reference group, respectively. It is thus clear that the novel low cost TESM exhibits a good temperature damping effect and temperature control p

关键词： Phase change materials

A Novel Demand Response-Based Distributed Multi-Energy System Optimal Operation Framework for Data Centers

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Hu, Xiaoyang Sun, Zhiyong Zhao, Quanbin Chong, Daotong Xue, Kai Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To address the increasing energy demands in data centers, distributed multi-energy system (DMES) may provide an efficient solution to achieve clean and sustainable energy supply. The use of a DMES optimal scheduling approach with source-load interaction plays a crucial role in improving data center performance. In this study, A DMES coupled by photovoltaics, wind turbines, ground source heat pump, internal combustion engines, electric chillers, absorption chillers, and energy storage devices is proposed. Considering the flexibility of workload scheduling and the challenges of renewable energy consumption, an integrated demand response model is established that considers time-of-use pricing and renewable energy peak subsidies. Then, a clean and economical optimal operation model for DMES based on proposed demand response and carbon trading mechanisms is established. Finally, to enhance the robustness of scheduling, the impacts of uncertainties in renewable energy output and demand response on system operation are analyzed by combining the Monte Carlo method and the interval method. Case study results demonstrate that implementing the proposed demand response and carbon trading mechanism improves data center performance by reducing total costs by 1.85%, carbon emissions by 0.56%, electricity purchases by 2.93%, while increasing renewable energy utilization by 0.77%. Additionally, optimization considering multiple uncertainties, results in higher total costs and broader interval widths compared to single-factor uncertainty optimization, but reduces system operational risk. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

Development of typical processes and key devices for direct air CO2 capture

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Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 2024年第10期49卷 4203-4221页

作者： Yu, Binpeng Tan, Lei Wang, Ding Wang, Limin Xiang, Xiaofeng Wang, Zhichao Jin, Zhonghua Yang, Bolun Wu, Zhiqiang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Province Energy and Chemical Process Intensification Key Laboratory Xi’an710049 China School of Engery and Powerl Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Engineering Research Center if Coal Fired Boiler Environmental Protection Xi’an710054 China

Conventional carbon capture and storage technologies and carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies mainly target CO2 emissions from fixed sources, while direct air capture CO2 (DAC) technology, as an emerging negative carbon emission technology, can capture CO2 emissions from distributed sources and further reduce the global atmospheric CO2 concentration. In this paper, the development process of DAC's typical liquid absorption process, solid adsorption process and the construction of relevant demonstration projects are introduced, the technical characteristics of emerging DAC processes are analyzed, and the key equipment schemes and future development trends of existing DAC processes are discussed. The DAC liquid absorption process has the characteristics of low cost of absorbent raw materials and high selectivity, which can realize a large-scale continuous capture, but high energy consumption in the regeneration process. The DAC solid adsorption process has the characteristics of modularity, low investment cost, and relatively low energy consumption in the regeneration process, but requires a regular replacement of adsorption materials and maintenance of adsorption equipment, which is suitable for small-scale DAC application scenarios. Two typical DAC process absorption/adsorption materials are reviewed. In the DAC electric oscillation adsorption process, CO2 is chemically captured in the solid electrode, and CO2 desorption is achieved by changing the polarity of the solid electrode with applied electric field. This process has a higher efficiency than that of the heat or pressure-based separation process. The CO2 in the air is selected through the DAC separation membrane to achieve an efficient carbon capture. The DAC process achieves the CO2 absorption and desorption through the change of humidity, which breaks through the high energy consumption limit of conventional variable temperature/pressure swing adsorption. The DAC bio-absorption process absor

关键词： Adsorption