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Ultrafine polycrystalline titania nanofibers for superior sodium storage

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第11期28卷 153-161页

作者： Zhidan Diao Daming Zhao Chunxiao Lv Hongli Liu Dongjiang Yang Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Centerfor Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071ShandongChina

Sodium ion batteries have a huge potential for large-scale energy storage for the low cost and abundance of sodium resources. In this work, a novel structure of ultrafine polycrystalline TiO2 nanofibers is prepared on nickel foam/carbon cloth by a simple vapor deposition method. The as-prepared TiO2 nanofibers show excellent performance when used as anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Specifically, the TiO2 nanofibers@nickel foam electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 263.2 m Ahg^-1 at 0.2 C and maintains a considerable capacity of 144.2 m Ahg^-1 at 10 C. The TiO2 nanofibers@carbon cloth electrode also shows excellent high-rate capability, sustaining a capacity of 148 m Ahg^-1 after 20 0 0 cycles at 10 C. It is believed that the novel nanofibrous structure increases the contact area with the electrolyte and greatly shortens the sodium ion diffusion distance, and meanwhile, the polycrystalline nature of nanofibers exposes more intercalation sites for sodium storage. Furthermore, the density functional theory calculations exhibit strong ionic interactions between the exposed TiO2(101) facets and sodium ions, leading to a preferable sodiation/desodiation process. The unique structural features endow the TiO2 nanofibers electrodes great advantages in rapid sodium storage with an outstanding high-rate capability.

关键词： Polycrystalline titania Nanofibers Sodium storage High-rate capability

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Exploring Geometric Chirality in Nanocrystals for Boosting Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第45期136卷

作者： Wenlong Fu Qi Gao Chunyang Zhang Lili Tan Biao Jiang Chengyu Xiao Prof. Maochang Liu Prof. Peng-peng Wang State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 PR China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 PR China

Advancing catalyst design is pivotal for the enhancement of photocatalytic processes in renewable energy conversion. The incorporation of structural chirality into conventional inorganic solar hydrogen nanocatalysts promises a significant transformation in catalysis, a feature absent in this field. Here we unveil the unexplored potential of geometric chirality by creating a chiral composite that integrates geometric chiral Au nanoparticles (NPs) with two-dimensional C 3 N 4 nanosheets, significantly boosting photocatalytic H 2 evolution beyond the achiral counterparts. The superior performance is driven by the geometric chirality of Au NPs, which facilitates efficient charge carrier separation through the favorable C 3 N 4 -chiral Au NP interface and chiral induced spin polarization, and exploits high-activity facets within the concave surfaces of chiral Au NPs. The resulting synergistic effect leads to a remarkable increase in photocatalytic H 2 evolution, with an apparent quantum yield of 44.64 % at 400 nm. Furthermore, we explore the selective polarized photo-induced carrier separation behavior, revealing a distinct chiral-dependent photocatalytic HER performance. Our work advances the design and utilization of chiral inorganic nanostructures for superior performance in energy conversion processes.

关键词： Geometric chirality Nanoparticles Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction Chiral effect

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Numerical simulation of high temperature gas cooled reactors on less of coolant accident 18

Numerical simulation of high temperature gas cooled reactors...

引用

18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH 2019

作者： Zhang, Shuangbao Li, Liangxing Xie, Wei Wang, Kailin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road 28# Xi’an city710049 China

The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) is well known for its prominent inherent safety, high efficiency and low carbon environmental protection, which has been identified as one of the candidates for the Generation IV nuclear energy system technology. Accurate and reliable thermal hydraulic analysis is of great significance to the system design and safe operation of HTR. Based on the coolant flow and heat transfer process in the core of HTR, this study establishes a three-dimensional model by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software firstly, and the flow and heat transfer process of helium coolant is simulate in the core. The temperature distribution of HTR is calculated at steady state, and the calculation results were compared with the related published results for validation and verification. After that, the models are employed to study the thermal hydraulic characteristics under the loss of coolant accident of HTR. The results show that as the coolant passes through the core from top to bottom, helium is continuously heated, and the temperature increases from top to bottom. The temperature reached a maximum at the core exit position of 1032.75 K. It stated that the model can be employed to simulate the thermal hydraulic analysis for HTR. The calculation results of the loss-of-coolant, indicates t as the flow rate decreases, the coolant temperature rises gradually. When the coolant is completely lost, the temperature reaches a maximum of 1723.19 K, and it is still lower than the design limit of 1893.15 K. © 2019 American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coolants

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Laminar burning velocity of gasoline and gasoline surrogates under various pressures and temperatures 12

Laminar burning velocity of gasoline and gasoline surrogates...

引用

12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019

作者： Hu, Erjiang Xu, Zhaohua Gao, Zhenhua Huang, Zuohua Stake Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Shaan Xi710049 China

The outwardly propagating spherical flame method was used to measure the laminar burning velocity of a commercial gasoline fuel having RON of 92 and gasoline surrogate. Measurements were conducted at the equivalence ratio of 0.8 to 1.5, initial temperatures of 358 K, 403 K, and 448 K and initial pressures of 1 atm, 2 atm and 5atm in a constant volume bomb. The surrogate of primary reference fuel (PRF-92, 92% iso-octane + 8% n-heptane) and toluene reference fuel (TRF-92, 16.69% iso-octane + 22.65% n-heptane + 60.66% toluene) were proposed to match the laminar burning velocity of gasoline (CNPC 92#). It could be found that the TRF-92 was able to successfully reproduce the laminar burning velocity of the gasoline under various experimental conditions. © Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC *** right reserved.

关键词： Gasoline

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The theoretical and numerical analysis on a multi-blade liquid lead pump 27

The theoretical and numerical analysis on a multi-blade liqu...

引用

27th International Conference on Nuclear engineering: Nuclear power Saves the World!, ICONE 2019

作者： Wang, Kailin Li, Liangxing Xie, Wei Zhang, Shuangbao State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road 28# Xi'an city710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9784888983051

Lead or lead-alloy cooled fast reactors (LFRs) have been proved to be the most promising Generation IV reactors with high performance in neutronics, thermal hydraulics and security features. Small forced circulation modular LFRs is one of the potential candidates for LFRs development which has attracted particular attention in recent years. When lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is used as coolant, the primary LBE pump is a key conveying equipment, and therefore the hydraulic performance of LBE pump is great important to the safety of LFR. Motivated by improving the hydraulics performance of LBE pump, this paper presents a theoretical and computational analysis on an axial flow pump. The guide blades are set at the outlet of the impeller to eliminate the rotational motion of the liquid LBE and transform the kinetic energy of the rotational motion into pressure energy. The rotation angle of the blade is optimized based on the theoretical analysis to reduce the vortex and raise efficiency. As well, the outlet speed and pressure parameters of each part in the pump are calculated. After that, a three-dimensional model of the modified pump is established by using CFD software and the flow characteristics of LBE in the pump are simulated. Albeit the high velocity liquid LBE alloy still exists in the side of pump shroud, some erosion-related issues remain to be fully addressed. The results of the study show that the axial LBE pump could be used as a viable solution for the design of the new generation of small module reactor primary pump from a thermo-fluid dynamic point of view. © 2018-2019 by JSME

关键词： Pumps

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Experimental Study on the Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of R134a in a Helically Coiled Tube

引用

Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2019年第3期40卷 587-593页

作者： Niu, Xiao-Juan Yuan, Huai-Jie Quan, Chen Bai, Bo-Feng Zhao, Liang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

The characteristics of R134a boiling heat transfer in a vertically helically coiled tube are studied. The experimental parameters are as follows: the heat flux is 10∼60 kW•m-2, the mass flux is 195∼400 kg•m-2 •s-1, the pressure is 0.8∼1.1 MPa, and the outlet vapor quality is 0.1∼0.9. The experimental data are compared with the existing correlations of boiling heat transfer coefficient. Based on the analysis of boiling heat transfer mechanism, a new correlation for boiling heat transfer in coiled tube is proposed. The circumferential distribution characteristics of wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient are analyzed. The wall temperatures at inner and top side are relatively higher, and the heat transfer coefficients at the bottom and the outer side are relatively higher. The local heat transfer coefficients are compared with the new correlation proposed in this paper. The results show that the heat transfer coefficients at top and bottom sides can be predicted by the new correlation. However, the new correlation underestimates the heat transfer coefficient at the outer side and overestimates that at the inner side, the deviations are 16.6% and -11.9% respectively. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Three-dimensional modeling and thermal hydraulic analysis of high temperature gas-cooled reactor core 27

Three-dimensional modeling and thermal hydraulic analysis of...

引用

27th International Conference on Nuclear engineering: Nuclear power Saves the World!, ICONE 2019

作者： Zhang, Shuangbao Li, Liangxing Xie, Wei Wang, Kailin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road 28# Xi'an city710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9784888983051

The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) is an advanced reactor with the characteristics of Generation IV nuclear energy system which has attracted wide attention due to the excellent performances of inherent safety, economy, high efficiency and low carbon environmental protection. Accurate and reliable thermal hydraulic analysis is of great significance for studying the flow and heat transfer in the core of HTR. Based on the coolant flow and heat transfer process in the core of HTR, this study establishes a three-dimensional coupled model by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software firstly, and the flow and heat transfer process of helium coolant is simulate in the core. The temperature variation in the reactor is calculated under the conditions of steady-state operation of the HTR core, and the calculation results by the present models were compared with calculated results from the benchmark software of Thermix and the related published results. The results showed that the average temperature of the outlet section is 759.6 ℃, and the maximum relative error with the published data is 1.25%. The steady-state results under the full power conditions based on the three-dimensional model are in good agreement with the calculation data from those of THERMIX. It stated that the three-dimensional model can be employed to simulate the thermal hydraulic analysis for HTR. On this basis, the heat transfer characteristics of core is simulated under 50% full power, and the are result helpful for the operation and design of HTR. © 2018-2019 by JSME

关键词： Porous materials

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Thermal Simulation for a Mechanical Spindle With External Cooler Across Grease Coated Interface

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Zhao, Liang Lei, Mohan Ren, Hongdi Wang, Jinshi Wang, Shuai Li, Ben Q. Yang, Jun Mei, Xuesong Xi'an Jiaotong University China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology 710048 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan MI48128 United States

Spindles in precision boring machine often work in low speed and heavy load without internal cooling, and the thermal error is nonnegligible. So an external cooling system was designed, and the effectiveness of the designed scheme needs to be preliminarily verified by simulation before building the cooling system. Thermal simulations of the spindle with an external cooler require calculating the thermal resistance of the thermal grease-coated interface between the cooler and spindle. Models describing the contact thermal resistance and total thermal resistance for metal contact filled with silicone grease based on solid-liquid interface force equivalence were described in this paper, and experiments were also conducted to verify the accuracy of these models. The contact thermal resistances between the cast iron/copper and silicone grease on flat or arc surfaces were calculated, and the bulk thermal resistance of the silicone grease layer was calculated. The total heat transferred between the cooler and the silicone grease-coated interface of the spindle were calculated. Heat transfer and heat generation in the spindle were calculated, and a finite element model was established to verify the effectiveness of the designed external cooling scheme. Finally, results from experiments for the spindle in different conditions show that the external cooling system decreases the time to reach thermal equilibrium by more than 60%. The RMSE of the simulated thermal elongation is less than 5.7044 μm when the rotating speed of 3000 rpm, and is less than 3.9714 μm when the rotating speed is 1500 rpm. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Cooling

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Theoretical and experimental analyses of a novel recirculated regenerative rotary desiccant wheel dehumidification system 32

Theoretical and experimental analyses of a novel recirculate...

引用

32nd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2019

作者： Han, Xiaoqu Wu, Wenxiang Zhou, Zhijie Wang, Yu Chong, Daotong Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9788361506515

The high humidity environment in the submarine cabins results in high energy consumption of the air conditioning system. Moreover, the removal of the hydrogen contained in the air, which constitutes a threat to crew’s safety, generates a huge amount of heat. It is of particular significance to reduce the humidity of the air efficiently, through recovery of the waste heat in the dehydrogenation process. Therefore, a novel recirculated regenerative desiccant wheel dehumidification system is proposed in the present work for submarine air-conditioning. The dehumidification rate was optimized through an appropriate proportion between inlet and recirculating air flows. Theoretical modeling and experimental study were carried out to explore the optimal dehumidification performance at different working conditions. The influence of process air parameters (including temperature and humidity), regeneration air parameters (including bypass ratio and regeneration air temperature) and rotary desiccant wheel parameters (including rotation speed and air flow ratio) were analyzed. It was found that the dehumidification rate could be effectively improved compared to sea water direct cooling. It increased with increasing regeneration air temperature and temperature drop. There was an optimal bypass ratio for the system, around 55%-70%, to obtain the highest dehumidification rate. The ratio increased with the regeneration air temperature. There existed an optimal rotary speed (approx. 12 r·h-1) and optimal air flow ratio (approx. 70%). Overall, the feasibility of the proposed system was validated and the dehumidification characteristics at various working conditions were demonstrated to prompt its application. © ECOS 2019 - Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Laser-Synthesized Ligand-Free Cu Nanocatalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methane

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Ye, Taiping Lactionov, Artyom Sozaev, Islam Popov, Anton Klimentov, Sergei Kabashin, Andrei V. Liu, Ya International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow115409 Russia CNRS LP3 Aix-Marseille Université Marseille13288 France

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) represents a pivotal strategy for mitigating global carbon emissions while simultaneously converting renewable energy into storable chemical fuels. Copper-based catalysts have been extensively explored in this field due to their unique capability to catalyze multi-carbon products. However, the intrinsic complexity of eCO2R pathways on Cu surfaces often leads to mixed product distributions, posing a significant challenge for achieving high selectivity toward a single desired hydrocarbon. Herein, we report a breakthrough in methane selectivity using laser-synthesized, ligand-free Cu nanomaterials. Unlike conventional Cu catalysts that produce diverse products, these ligand-free nanoparticles exhibit unprecedented selectivity for methane (CH4) with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeding 70% at superior overpotentials. The absence of surface ligands, a direct consequence of the ultrafast laser ablation synthesis, ensures abundant exposed active sites with tailored electronic and geometric configurations. We attribute the exceptional methane selectivity to the synergistic effects of active sites-rich surfaces and optimized *CO intermediate binding energetics, which favor the protonation pathway toward CH4 rather than C–C coupling. This work not only resolves the longstanding selectivity dilemma in Cu-catalyzed eCO2R but also establishes laser-synthesized ligand-free nanomaterials as a versatile platform for designing high-performance electrocatalysts. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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