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Gas emission source term estimation with 1-step nonlinear partial swarm optimization-Tikhonov regularization hybrid method

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2018年第2期26卷 356-363页

作者： Denglong Ma Wei Tan Zaoxiao Zhang Jun Hu School of Food Equipment Engineering and Science Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University

Source term identification is very important for the contaminant gas emission event. Thus, it is necessary to study the source parameter estimation method with high computation efficiency, high estimation accuracy and reasonable confidence interval. Tikhonov regularization method is a potential good tool to identify the source parameters. However, it is invalid for nonlinear inverse problem like gas emission process. 2-step nonlinear and linear PSO （partial swarm optimization）-Tikhonov regularization method proposed previously have estimated the emission source parameters successfully. But there are still some problems in computation efficiency and confidence interval. Hence, a new 1-step nonlinear method combined Tikhonov regularizafion and PSO algorithm with nonlinear forward dispersion model was proposed. First, the method was tested with simulation and experiment cases. The test results showed that 1-step nonlinear hybrid method is able to estimate multiple source parameters with reasonable confidence interval. Then, the estimation performances of different methods were compared with different cases. The estimation values with 1-step nonlinear method were close to that with 2-step nonlinear and linear PSO-Tikhonov regularization method, 1-step nonlinear method even performs better than other two methods in some cases, especially for source strength and downwind distance estimation. Compared with 2-step nonlinear method, 1-step method has higher computation efficiency. On the other hand, the confidence intervals with the method proposed in this paper seem more reasonable than that with other two methods. Finally, single PSO algorithm was compared with 1-step nonlinear PSO-Tikhonov hybrid regularization method. The results showed that the skill scores of 1-step nonlinear hybrid method to estimate source parameters were close to that of single PSO method and even better in some cases. One more important property of 1-step nonlinear PSO-Tikhonov regularization metho

关键词： Parameter estimation Parameter regularization method Source identification Inverse problem

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Dynamic modeling of a NG-fueled SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system coupled with TSA process for fuel cell vehicle 10

Dynamic modeling of a NG-fueled SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system cou...

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10th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2018

作者： Wu, Zhen Ni, Meng Zhu, Pengfei Zhang, Zaoxiao Building Energy Research Group Department of Building and Real Estate Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Fuel cell power technology has drawn extensive attentions due to its high efficiency, low emission and noise. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) could generate the power by diverse fuels, such as natural gas (NG), while proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) only feeds on pure H2. More and more attentions are paid on the combination of SOFC and PEMFC for high efficiency and convenient refueling in the practical applications. To obtain H2 fuel with high purity from SOFC as a reformer, the gas processing subsystem for H2 separation and purification should be applied between SOFC and PEMFC. In this present study, the gas processing subsystem, consisting of water gas shift (WGS) and thermal swing adsorption (TSA), is introduced into the SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system. Then, the SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC hybrid system is modelled to investigate the transient behaviors under different operations. The simulation results show that the SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC hybrid system has an improved energy conversion efficiency of approximately 64%, which is higher than the only-SOFC and the reform-PEMFC. The waste heat recovery for driving the TSA reaction accounts for the higher net electricity efficiency compared with the SOFC-PEMFC hybrid system based on the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for H2 separation. Since the SOFC and PEMFC have completely different transient responses to the change of the loading, the influences of operating conditions of fuel cell vehicles on the transient behaviors of single SOFC and PEMFC and the overall performance of the SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC hybrid system are further investigated. Through the analysis and discussion based on the dynamic modelling, the operation strategy is unveiled in this paper for the performance optimization of the hybrid system when installed in the fuel cell vehicles. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under respons

关键词： Waste heat

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STUDY ON ON-LINE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY OF OXIDE SCALE BASED ON MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY AND GRANULARITY BEHAVIOR 9

STUDY ON ON-LINE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY OF OXIDE SCALE BASED O...

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Joint 9th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil power Plants, EPRI 2019 and the 2nd International 123HiMAT Conference on High-Temperature Materials

作者： Aijun, Yan Zhigang, Li Hongnian, Dong Yue, Qiao Chen, Hao Shunsen, Wang Li, Fang Jingru, Mao Kang, Chen Jiacheng, Wang Jingyi, Du Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shaanxi Xi'an710054 China Xi'an Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Xi'an710054 China Xi'an University of Science and Technology Shaanxi Xi'an710054 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781627082716

The oxide exfoliation is one of the main problems that cause the explosion of superheater or reheater, which threaten the safety of power plant units, but there is no direct test method of the particle concentration of the scales in high temperature steam. Based on the study of ferromagnetic and optical characteristics of scales, the technology and equipment were developed for on-line measurement based on magnetic sensitivity and granularity behavior. Through numerical simulation and dynamic simulation experiments of scale movement under high temperature and high pressure steam, calculating method of the particle concertation of scales in the main steam or reheated steam pipeline was retrieved by local sampling concentration. © 2019 ASM International® All rights reserved.

关键词： Steam

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Efficiency enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting: Defect passivation and boosted charge transfer kinetics of zinc oxide nanostructures via chalcopyrite/chalcogenide mix sensitization

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Physical Review Materials 2021年第12期5卷 125403-125403页

作者： Cigdem Tuc Altaf Nazrin Abdullayeva Ozlem Coskun Alihan Kumtepe İpek Deniz Yildirim Emre Erdem Maochang Liu Ali Bozbey Ertan Agar Mehmet Sankir Nurdan Demirci Sankir Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Orhanli Tuzla 34956 Istanbul Turkey International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854 USA Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Sogutozu Caddesi No 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara Turkey

ZnO thin films in nanorod (NR) and nanoflower (NF) morphologies were used as photoelectrode scaffolds for efficient visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, where their decoration with copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS) and indium sulfide (In2S3) layers resulted in significant PEC performance enhancement. ZnO NF/CIGS/In2S3 photoelectrodes exhibited a remarkably high PEC efficiency (∼6.0% applied bias photon-to-current efficiency, 83% incident photon-to-current efficiency) due to the negligible dark current, while ZnO NR/CIGS/In2S3 generated a photocurrent density of ***–2 at 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl), being one of the highest performances reported in the literature for copper-based chalcopyrite photoelectrodes so far. The interfacial photoelectrode-electrolyte charge transport dynamics, investigated via intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, exhibited a sevenfold increase in charge transfer efficiencies with a significant drop in surface recombination kinetics for ZnO NF after CIGS/In2S3 decoration. The obtained results show consistency with numerically modeled electric field distribution profiles and electron paramagnetic resonance results of ZnO NF, rationalizing the enhanced charge transfer rates for decorated samples and confirming the defect passivating nature of CIGS/In2S3.

关键词： Electrochemical properties Photoconductivity

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Built-In Electric Field in Freestanding Hydroxide/Sulfide Heterostructures for Industrially Relevant Oxygen Evolution

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Wentong Wu Yueshuai Wang Shizhen Song Zhichao Ge Chunyang Zhang Jie Huang Guiren Xu Ning Wang Yue Lu Zhanfeng Deng Haohong Duan Maochang Liu Cheng Tang International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Beijing Institute of Smart Energy Beijing 102209 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P.R. China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China Tsinghua Center for Green Chemical Engineering Electrification Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China Ordos Laboratory Inner Mongolia 017000 P.R. China

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), as a premier technology to massively produce green hydrogen, hinges on outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes with high activity and robust stability under high current densities. However, it is often challenged by issues such as catalytic layer shedding, ion dissolution, and inefficient bubble desorption. Herein, a scalable corrosion-electrodeposition method is presented to synthesize nickel–iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH)/Ni 3 S 2 heterostructures on nickel mesh, tailored to meet the stringent requirements of industrial AWE. The study underscores the critical role of the built-in electric field (BEF) in optimizing electronic properties, curtailing Fe leaching, and enhancing mass transfer. The resultant NiFe-LDH/Ni 3 S 2 heterostructure manifests remarkable OER performance, with ultra-low overpotentials of 202 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and 290 mV at 800 mA cm −2 in 1.0 m KOH at 25 °C, alongside superior steady-state stability and resistance to reverse current under fluctuating conditions. Furthermore, the performance is further validated in an alkaline electrolyzer, achieving a large current density of 800 mA cm −2 at a cell voltage of 1.908 V, while maintaining excellent stability. This work offers a blueprint for the design of efficient OER electrodes for industrially relevant AWE applications.

关键词： Alkaline water electrolysis Built-in electric field Freestanding electrodes Oxygen evolution reaction

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Interface engineering of Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic water splitting

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Fundamental Research 2024年

作者： Daming Zhao Yuxiao Yang Vasileios Binas Shaohua Shen School of Advanced Energy Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen 518107 China Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) FORTH P.O. Box 1527 Vasilika Vouton GR-71110 Heraklion Greece Physical Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Photocatalytic water splitting technology can directly convert solar energy into H 2 via a zero-carbon route, offering a sustainable solution for solar utilization and H 2 supply. Among various developed photocatalysts, Z-scheme heterojunction mimicking natural photosynthesis by combining two dissimilar semiconductors for redox reactions in series has unequivocally demonstrated its superiority in enhanced charge transfer, robust redox driving force, and wide optical absorption range. A comprehensive understanding on the fundamental principles of interface engineering between semiconductor components is the key to construct an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction. By focusing on different types of semiconductors, this article thoroughly expounds the coupling principles of components in binary mediator-free and ternary solid-mediator Z-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic water splitting, from the viewpoint of band structure alignment and interfacial electric field design. In addition to the well summarized research progresses in recent years, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for developing advanced Z-scheme heterojunctions are provided.

关键词： Interface engineering Z-scheme heterojunction Water splitting Photocatalysis Solar energy conversion

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Experimental study on single-phase flow resistance characteristics of rectangular channels with lateral non-uniform heating 18

Experimental study on single-phase flow resistance character...

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18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH 2019

作者： Sun, Rulei Zhang, D.L. Zhou, Jiancheng Song, Gongle Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an China

The state-of-the-art studies on single-phase flow and hear transfer in narrow rectangular channels shows some difference with the conventional theory. In this paper, the experimental study of vertical upward flow resistance of single-phase water in rectangular channels is carried out under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the flow resistance of narrow rectangular channels and focus on the effect of transverse non-uniform heating. The geometric dimensions of the test section are as follows: depth 2.0 mm, aspect ratio 30. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient of rectangular narrow channel under isothermal condition is obviously larger than that of conventional channels, and the transition zone is 2600 © 2019 American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aspect ratio

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Microalgae bio-oil production by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction: Mechanism and characteristics

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Bioresource Technology 2023年 376卷 128860页

作者： Ağbulut, Ümit Sirohi, Ranjna Lichtfouse, Eric Chen, Wei-Hsin Len, Christophe Show, Pau Loke Le, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Xuan Phuong Hoang, Anh Tuan Department of Mechanical Engineering Duzce University Düzce81620 Turkey School of Health Sciences and Technology University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Uttarakhand Dehradun248 007 India State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences PSL University France Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou University Wenzhou325035 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga Selangor Darul Ehsan Semenyih43500 Malaysia Department of Sustainable Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai602105 India School of Mechanical Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Institute of Engineering HUTECH University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Microalgae have great potential in producing energy-dense and valuable products via thermochemical processes. Therefore, producing alternative bio-oil to fossil fuel from microalgae has rapidly gained popularity due to its environmentally friendly process and elevated productivity. This current work aims to review comprehensively the microalgae bio-oil production using pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, core mechanisms of pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction process for microalgae were scrutinized, showing that the presence of lipids and proteins could contribute to forming a large amount of compounds containing O and N elements in bio-oil. However, applying proper catalysts and advanced technologies for the two aforementioned approaches could improve the quality, heating value, and yield of microalgae bio-oil. In general, microalgae bio-oil produced under optimal conditions could have 46 MJ/kg heating value and 60% yield, indicating that microalgae bio-oil could become a promising alternative fuel for transportation and power generation. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Microalgae

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Influence of dolomite additive on the ash fusion and potassium fixation characteristics of rice straw

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Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao/Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2020年第7期48卷 795-803页

作者： Yu, Zhi-Hao Jin, Jing Zhang, Rui-Pu Zhao, Bing Zhu, Yi-Zhou Wang, Guang-Xu School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093 China

The influence of dolomite as an additive on the slagging and potassium fixation characteristics of rice straw upon burning was investigated in a tube furnace;the slagging mechanism as well as the interaction between the rice straw ash and dolomite were explored by using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the slagging characteristics of rice straw are significantly influenced by adding 5% dolomite. Dolomite can greatly improve the potassium fixation ability, especially at 900-1000℃;moreover, the Mg and Ca elements rich in dolomite can react with SiO2 in the rice straw ash, forming high-melting silicate minerals including diopside, monticellite and merwinite. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Dolomite

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Surface Adsorbed Hydroxyl: A Double-Edged Sword in Electrochemical CO2Reduction over Oxide-Derived Copper

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第31期135卷

作者： Daixing Wei Yiqing Wang Prof. Chung-Li Dong Ta Thi Thuy Nga Yuchuan Shi Jialin Wang Xiaoli Zhao Prof. Fan Dong Prof. Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Physics Tamkang University New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China

Oxide-derived Cu (OD−Cu) featured with surface located sub-20 nm nanoparticles (NPs) created via surface structure reconstruction was developed for electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECO 2 RR). With surface adsorbed hydroxyls (OH ad ) identified during ECO 2 RR, it is realized that OH ad , sterically confined and adsorbed at OD−Cu by surface located sub-20 nm NPs, should be determinative to the multi-carbon (C 2 ) product selectivity. In situ spectral investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that OH ad favors the adsorption of low-frequency *CO with weak C≡O bonds and strengthens the *CO binding at OD−Cu surface, promoting *CO dimerization and then selective C 2 production. However, excessive OH ad would inhibit selective C 2 production by occupying active sites and facilitating competitive H 2 evolution. In a flow cell, stable C 2 production with high selectivity of ∼60 % at −200 mA cm −2 could be achieved over OD−Cu, with adsorption of OH ad well steered in the fast flowing electrolyte.

关键词： CO2 Reduction Electrochemistry Oxide-Derived Copper Reaction Mechanisms Surface Adsorbed Hydroxyls

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