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Numerical Study of Multi-Factor Coupling Effects on Energy Conversion Performance of Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第2期23卷 507-528页

作者： Hao Li Cunlu Zhao Jinhui Zhou Jun Zhang Hui Wang Yanmei Jiao Yugang Zhao School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient ***,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion *** numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of *** this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our *** results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion ***,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in ***,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ***,uponmodifying the ope

关键词： Salinity gradient energy nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis energy conversion nanochannel configuration multi-factor coupling effect

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Anchoring Single Nickel Atoms on Carbon-vacant Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第5期38卷 1243-1250页

作者： LIN Zhi ZHANG Zhengqi WANG Yiqing PENG Zhiming WANG Xinxin WANG Ruizhe HUANG Yu-Cheng MENG Fanqi LI Mingtao DONG Chung-Li ZHANG Qinghua GU Lin SHEN Shaohua International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049P.R.China Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei City 25137TaiwanP.R.China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China

Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)has emerged as a promising candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,but its dependence on scarce and high-cost noble metal co-catalysts severely limits its extensive *** will be of great promise to develop non-noble metal single-atom co-catalysts with low-cost and high atom utilization to improve the photocatalytic performance over ***,single Ni atoms are successfully anchored onto carbon-vacant PCN nanosheets(CCN-SANi)via a two-step ammonia thermal treatment and photo-deposition *** calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the optical absorption property and the charge transfer ability of CCN-SANi have been significantly improved with the introduction of single Ni atoms to form Ni-N3 *** comparison to carbon-vacant PCN(CCN)loaded with Ni clusters,the obtained CCN-SANi exhibits 11.4 times increased photocatalytic performance,with the highest hydrogen evolution rate reaching 511μmol/(g·h),which is even 1.7 times higher than that of CCN loaded with Pt *** research proposes an inspiring and reliable strategy to design novel single-atom semiconducting polymers with electronic structures manipulated for efficient photocatalysis.

关键词： Photocatalytic hydgogen evolution Single metal atom Polymeric carbon nitride

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Supercritical Co2 -Promoted Degradation of Polystyrene to Aromatic Oils with Nio@C Catalyst

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Yanbing Shi, Jinwen Zhuang, Zitong Kang, Xing Mao, Liuhao Li, Yi Jin, Hui Zhao, Qiuyang Guo, Liejin International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Road Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Exploring new system for chemical recycling of plastic is an effective way to convert plastic waste into energy. Herein, the use of supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) to promote the catalytic degradation of polystyrene (PS) with high yield of aromatic oils was proposed. Sc-CO2 provided a homogeneous environment for the reaction, which not only facilitated the swelling of PS, but also inhibited the formation of coke, beneficial for the degradation of PS to aromatic oils. Importantly, CO2 was be consumed as an oxidant to generate new product and reduce greenhouse gas emission. The doped carbon material in NiO, which was stable in Sc-CO2 and had a simple preparation process, enriched the porous structure and increased the acidic sites, thus improving the catalytic activity. Under the co-action of Sc-CO2 and NiO@C, the yield of aromatic oils produced from PS was up to 89.3 ± 0.6 wt% at 300oC with a reaction time of 2 h and a catalyst loading amount of 10 wt%. Moreover, the NiO@C catalyst were used for three cycles without obvious change in the catalytic performance. The efficient catalytic degradation of PS to aromatic oils by Sc-CO2 promoted NiO@C catalysis provides a potential route for simultaneously recycling plastic and sequestering carbon. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Thermodynamic optimization of closed air Brayton cycle and air-ORC combined cycle

Thermodynamic optimization of closed air Brayton cycle and a...

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International Conference on power engineering 2021, ICOPE 2021

作者： Qian, Yiran Zhang, Zhuohua Yi, Jingwei Chen, Weixiong Liu, Ming Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China

In order to improve the flexibility and adaptability of small mobile nuclear power systems, air is considered as an optional working fluid of nuclear Brayton cycle system. It can avoid the shortage of working fluid under extreme conditions, and ensure the system operation with tight working fluid supply. In this study, simple regenerative cycle (SRC), intercooling regenerative cycle (IRC) and corresponding air-ORC combined cycle (SRCC and IRCC) are proposed and modeled. Thermodynamic analysis of key parameters is conducted. Genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for multi-parameter optimization to achieve the maximum cycle efficiency. With the increase of pressure ratio (PR), the efficiency of SRC increases firstly and then decreases. Pressure ratio corresponding to the maximum cycle efficiency increases gradually with turbine inlet temperature. The efficiency of IRC is slightly lower than that of SRC in low pressure ratio region, but IRC maintains a higher efficiency in high pressure ratio region. For SRCC, isobutane has the best performance among three selected organic working fluids. The multi-parameter optimization result indicates that the IRCC has lower cycle efficiency comparing with SRCC, and SRCC shows the optimal performance among the four configurations. © 2021 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.

关键词： Efficiency

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Design and Simulation of a New Type of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Trapezoidal Slit Fins

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Tianjiao Su, Mengyang Zhang, Hua Liu, Chuang Ouyang, Xinping School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Slit fin-and-tube heat exchangers are extensively utilized in industry, and optimizing the fin structure is conducive for improving energy efficiency and reducing energy losses. Therefore, a heat exchanger featuring trapezoidal slit fins was proposed in this study. To determine the structure of the slit fins, physical and mathematical models of the heat exchanger with a fin spacing Fp of 2.65 mm were established. We used a numerical simulation to investigate the structural parameters of the fin-and-tube heat exchanger, including the slit height Sh, slit width Sw, transverse tube spacing Pt, and longitudinal tube spacing Pl. Based on the simulation results, the effects of the four structural parameters on the comprehensive performance were evaluated. Additionally, the optimal parameter combination was determined through an orthogonal test, resulting in the following values: Sh = 1.47 mm, Sw = 4 mm, Pt = 42 mm, and Pl = 27.5 mm. This study provides significant theoretical and practical guidance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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Chromium Promoted the Efficient and Stable Catalytic Degradation of Propane Over Pt/Hzsm-5 Catalyst: Optimization and Reaction Mechanism

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Jian, Yanfei Xu, He Wang, Yao Wang, Jingjing Xia, Lianghui Liu, Yujie Yu, Yanke He, Chi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Yunnan University China

Light alkanes are a class of ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which bring great environmental hazards and health risks. However, low-temperature degradation of light alkanes is still a great challenge. Herein, a series of Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts without/with additives of Cr were fabricated. Catalytic performance of the catalyst for C3H8 low temperature combustion was investigated. It was found that Cr element had a significant effect on the activity of Pt/HZSM-5. Pt/Cr1/HZSM-5 performed the best activity for C3H8, excellent high temperature stability and water resistance. Characterization results of catalysts indicated that the introduction of Cr element could fix Pt site to promote the dispersion of Pt on the support. Moreover, the interaction between Cr and Pt produced more active Pt species, surface active lattice oxygen and acidic sites, which could promote the activation of C-H bonds in C3H8. Theoretical calculations showed that the interface between Pt and Cr had stronger adsorption for O2 and C3H8, which could accelerate propane oxidation. In this study, the effect of transition metal elements on the promotion of noble metal catalysts in the low-temperature degradation of light alkanes was discussed in depth, and it provided a reference for the design of efficient noble metal molecular sieve catalysts. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular sieves

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Influence of Bentonite on Copper Corrosion in Simulated Repository Electrolyte

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ning, Zhiyuan Zhou, Qulan Li, Na Macdonald, Digby D. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The impact of bentonite on the corrosion of oxygen-free copper (OF-Cu) and oxygen-free phosphorous copper (OFP-Cu) in prototypical groundwater environments (standard reference electrolyte, SRE) simulating the storage of copper High-Level Nuclear Waste (HLNW) cannisters in granitic rock repositories is explored. At low corrosion potentials (-0.1VSCE), bentonite suppresses copper corrosion in SRE through the anion-exclusion effect, with its inhibitory impact intensifying at higher bentonite concentrations. As the corrosion potential rises, bentonite’s enhanced adsorption of metal cations increases the corrosion current. Additionally, bentonite hydrolysis producing silicate ions that accelerates pitting corrosion, culminating in passive film breakdown. This dual mechanism may amplify intergranular corrosion. In environments where bentonite exacerbates corrosion, OFP-Cu demonstrates superior corrosion resistance, though the introduction of phosphorus may influence the acceleration of intergranular corrosion following passivity breakdown. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bentonite

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A Novel Optimization Framework for Distributed Multi-Energy System Management and Multi-Energy Pricing Based on Stackelberg Game

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Yang, Sifan Zhao, Quanbin Jia, Yifan Ou, Kejie Hu, Guangtao Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To achieve low-carbon operation of distributed multi-energy system (DMES) and enhance its activity in the energy market, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective Stackelberg game model. The DMES operator (DMEO) acts as the leader, guiding users’ behavior through DMES optimal scheduling and multi-energy pricing. The optimization objectives include maximizing DMEO revenues, minimizing DMES primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. The users act as followers, adjusting energy demand based on upper-level energy pricing with the objective of maximizing consumption surplus. To achieve the low-carbon and flexible operation of DMES, carbon trading and demand response mechanisms are introduced. The upper-level model is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III), while the lower-level model is solved by the Gurobi solver. Furthermore, a robust optimization model with adjustable robust measure is established to mitigate the impact of renewable energy uncertainty. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by a data center in Qinghai. Compared with traditional Stackelberg game model, the proposed model reduces DMEO revenue by 0.63% but decreases carbon emissions by 1.64% and energy consumption by 1.59%. Under this optimization framework, the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of DMES are 0.798 and 0.535, and the share of renewable energy is 34.6%. Besides, increasing renewable energy uncertainty leads to lower DMEO revenue, higher carbon emissions and energy consumption, while significantly reducing energy efficiency and exergy efficiency. The proposed multi-objective Stackelberg game model may provide some references for multi-stage energy system optimization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of high temperature air in round tube

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International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and Technology 2021年 3卷 200-205页

作者： Qin, Hao Wang, Chenglong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

Air is widely utilized as working fluid in heat exchangers with high heat flux and high temperature, and the empirical correlations for predicting local and total heat transfer coefficients are indispensable for thermal design and optimization of the heat exchange applications. Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of high temperature air in round tube is conducted. The experimental system is designed and constructed. The data processing method for obtaining wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient is introduced. The measured local and total heat transfer coefficients are compared with the widely adopted correlations, including Taylor's correlation and Gnielinski's correlation. The suggested empirical correlations obtained from the experimental data are presented, which may contribute to the design of heat exchangers concerning with high temperature air. © 2021 Xi'an Jiaotong University

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Influence of Bentonite on Copper Corrosion in Simulated Repository Electrolyte

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

The impact of bentonite on the corrosion of oxygen-free copper (OF-Cu) and oxygen-free phosphorous copper (OFP-Cu) in prototypical groundwater environments (standard reference electrolyte, SRE) simulating the storage of copper High-Level Nuclear Waste (HLNW) cannisters in granitic rock repositories is explored. At low corrosion potentials (-0.1V), bentonite suppresses copper corrosion in SRE through the anion-exclusion effect, with its inhibitory impact intensifying at higher bentonite concentrations. As the corrosion potential rises, particularly beyond the "bell-shaped" region in the polarization curve, bentonite's enhanced adsorption of metal cations increases the corrosion current. Additionally, bentonite hydrolysis producing silicate ions that accelerates pitting corrosion, culminating in passive film breakdown. This dual mechanism may amplify intergranular corrosion. In environments where bentonite exacerbates corrosion, OFP-Cu demonstrates superior corrosion resistance, though the introduction of phosphorus may influence the acceleration of intergranular corrosion following passivity breakdown. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Copper corrosion

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