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Influence of Bentonite on Copper Corrosion in Simulated Repository Electrolyte

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ning, Zhiyuan Zhou, Qulan Li, Na Macdonald, Digby D. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The impact of bentonite on the corrosion of oxygen-free copper (OF-Cu) and oxygen-free phosphorous copper (OFP-Cu) in prototypical groundwater environments (standard reference electrolyte, SRE) simulating the storage of copper High-Level Nuclear Waste (HLNW) cannisters in granitic rock repositories is explored. At low corrosion potentials (-0.1V), bentonite suppresses copper corrosion in SRE through the anion-exclusion effect, with its inhibitory impact intensifying at higher bentonite concentrations. As the corrosion potential rises, particularly beyond the "bell-shaped" region in the polarization curve, bentonite's enhanced adsorption of metal cations increases the corrosion current. Additionally, bentonite hydrolysis producing silicate ions that accelerates pitting corrosion, culminating in passive film breakdown. This dual mechanism may amplify intergranular corrosion. In environments where bentonite exacerbates corrosion, OFP-Cu demonstrates superior corrosion resistance, though the introduction of phosphorus may influence the acceleration of intergranular corrosion following passivity breakdown. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Copper corrosion

Study on the Dynamic Characteristics, Control Strategy and Load Variation Rate of the Concentrated Solar power Plant

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Gen Du, Guanghan Liu, Guixiu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

With more and more wind power and photovoltaic power connected to the electric power system, it has brought great challenges to the stability of the power grid. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plant as one form of solar power generation can undertake the task of load regulation and frequency regulation in power grid to balance the electricity demand and generation. However, the maximum load variation rate of the CSP plant is not known, which limits sufficient utilization of its advantages. In this study, a dynamic simulation model of the CSP plant was built using the APROS, and the dynamic characteristics were investigated by applying the step disturbances to molten salt flowrate, molten salt temperature, and the opening of steam regulating valve. Based on the results of dynamic characteristics, the control strategies were developed with the consideration of thermal storage in system and the feedforward signal of set load and load variation rate. Then, the maximum load increase and reduction rates within different load ranges were studied. The results indicated that the steam regulating valve could be used to control turbine power, molten salt flowrate could be used to control steam pressure, and the molten salt temperature could be used to control steam temperature. The designed control system could effectively follow the load variation, with the load deviation less than 0.3 MW and the steam temperature deviation less than 1.2 ℃ in the condition of load variation rate at 3% Pe·min-1. The maximum load increase and reduction rates were 11.57% Pe·min-1 and 8.94% Pe·min-1 within the load range of 75%THA-100%THA, and they were 10.42% Pe·min-1 and 7.46% Pe·min-1 within the load range of 50%THA-75%THA, respectively. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Concentrated solar power

Exploring Comprehensive Properties of a Novel Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase Change Material Of Lauric Acid-Palmitic Acid- Tetradecyl Alcohol/Vitrified Beads for Thermal Energy Storage

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yan, Qiuhui Jia, Mengyu Luo, Jieren Meng, Zeyu School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an710055 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Excellent thermal properties are the cornerstone of phase change materials (PCMs) employed for energy storage, and leakage prevention and sufficient strength are the key problems that must be solved in the practical application process of PCMs. Therefore, the advantages of ternary PCMs (Lauric Acid-Palmitic Acid-Tetradecyl Alcohol, LA-PA-TA) and adsorbent carriers (Vitrified Bead, VB) are integrated to obtain a novel LA-PA-TA/VB composite PCM which exhibits favorable phase change temperature (20.1°C-20.5°C) and excellent subcooling (0.4°C). Then, the novel LA-PA-TA/VB is encapsulated with five materials to form shape-stabilized PCMs to reduce leakage. The experiments show that a shape-stabilized LA-PA-TA/VB (SS-LA-PA-TA/VB) encapsulated with the real stone paint emulsion-cement powder presents the optimal packaging effect, namely superior stability and reliability with low mass loss ratio of only 2.67% after 50 times phase change cycles. Next, the SS-LA-PA-TA/VB of the optimal package is further made into thermal energy storage mortar (TESM) with different SS-LA-PA-TA/VB content. It is shown that the thermal properties of TESM increase and the mechanical properties decrease with LA-PA-TA/VB. However, even with the LA-PA-TA up to 30% (30TESM), the compressive strength, flexural strength, apparent density, water absorption, and softening coefficient of the TESM still meets the Chinese National Standard, and some microscopic mechanisms have been investigated. Lastly, temperature regular ability and heat insulation performance of 30TESM and reference mortar are compared by temperature probe embedded inside the mortar blocks and installed in experiential small room. The results present that internal temperature of the mortar blocks, backside and central temperature of small room are 5.4°C, 5.6°C and 2.1°C lower than that of the reference group, respectively. It is thus clear that the novel low cost TESM exhibits a good temperature damping effect and temperature control p

关键词： Phase change materials

Performance of different flocculants for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris by dissolved air flotation and sedimentation

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Bioresource Technology 2025年 433卷 132743页

作者： Wei, X. Rao, N.R.H. Tyagi, S. Thielemans, W. Cao, W. Guo, L.J. Muylaert, K. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Laboratory of Aquatic Biology KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk Kortrijk8500 Belgium Sustainable Materials Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk Kortrijk8500 Belgium

This study systematically evaluated the performance of dissolved air flotation and sedimentation for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris using eight different flocculants. Significant variation was observed in both the maximum harvesting efficiency and the minimum effective flocculant dose across different flocculant-process combinations. Among the tested flocculants, pyridinium modified cellulose nanocrystals achieved the highest harvesting efficiency of 99 % in both dissolved air flotation and sedimentation, while chitosan required the lowest minimum flocculant dose (∼2 mg·g−1) to induce flocculation. The impact of floc size formed during the flocculation step on harvesting performance was also investigated, revealing that large flocs significantly favored sedimentation-based microalgae harvesting. A preliminary cost analysis highlighted the importance of integrating economic considerations into the selection of both flocculant and harvesting method. The findings suggest that optimal flocculant and process selection should be based not only on harvesting efficiency but also on cost-effectiveness for microalgal biomass recovery. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Cost benefit analysis

A Novel Demand Response-Based Distributed Multi-Energy System Optimal Operation Framework for Data Centers

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Hu, Xiaoyang Sun, Zhiyong Zhao, Quanbin Chong, Daotong Xue, Kai Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To address the increasing energy demands in data centers, distributed multi-energy system (DMES) may provide an efficient solution to achieve clean and sustainable energy supply. The use of a DMES optimal scheduling approach with source-load interaction plays a crucial role in improving data center performance. In this study, A DMES coupled by photovoltaics, wind turbines, ground source heat pump, internal combustion engines, electric chillers, absorption chillers, and energy storage devices is proposed. Considering the flexibility of workload scheduling and the challenges of renewable energy consumption, an integrated demand response model is established that considers time-of-use pricing and renewable energy peak subsidies. Then, a clean and economical optimal operation model for DMES based on proposed demand response and carbon trading mechanisms is established. Finally, to enhance the robustness of scheduling, the impacts of uncertainties in renewable energy output and demand response on system operation are analyzed by combining the Monte Carlo method and the interval method. Case study results demonstrate that implementing the proposed demand response and carbon trading mechanism improves data center performance by reducing total costs by 1.85%, carbon emissions by 0.56%, electricity purchases by 2.93%, while increasing renewable energy utilization by 0.77%. Additionally, optimization considering multiple uncertainties, results in higher total costs and broader interval widths compared to single-factor uncertainty optimization, but reduces system operational risk. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

Development of typical processes and key devices for direct air CO2 capture

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Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 2024年第10期49卷 4203-4221页

作者： Yu, Binpeng Tan, Lei Wang, Ding Wang, Limin Xiang, Xiaofeng Wang, Zhichao Jin, Zhonghua Yang, Bolun Wu, Zhiqiang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Province Energy and Chemical Process Intensification Key Laboratory Xi’an710049 China School of Engery and Powerl Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Engineering Research Center if Coal Fired Boiler Environmental Protection Xi’an710054 China

Conventional carbon capture and storage technologies and carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies mainly target CO2 emissions from fixed sources, while direct air capture CO2 (DAC) technology, as an emerging negative carbon emission technology, can capture CO2 emissions from distributed sources and further reduce the global atmospheric CO2 concentration. In this paper, the development process of DAC's typical liquid absorption process, solid adsorption process and the construction of relevant demonstration projects are introduced, the technical characteristics of emerging DAC processes are analyzed, and the key equipment schemes and future development trends of existing DAC processes are discussed. The DAC liquid absorption process has the characteristics of low cost of absorbent raw materials and high selectivity, which can realize a large-scale continuous capture, but high energy consumption in the regeneration process. The DAC solid adsorption process has the characteristics of modularity, low investment cost, and relatively low energy consumption in the regeneration process, but requires a regular replacement of adsorption materials and maintenance of adsorption equipment, which is suitable for small-scale DAC application scenarios. Two typical DAC process absorption/adsorption materials are reviewed. In the DAC electric oscillation adsorption process, CO2 is chemically captured in the solid electrode, and CO2 desorption is achieved by changing the polarity of the solid electrode with applied electric field. This process has a higher efficiency than that of the heat or pressure-based separation process. The CO2 in the air is selected through the DAC separation membrane to achieve an efficient carbon capture. The DAC process achieves the CO2 absorption and desorption through the change of humidity, which breaks through the high energy consumption limit of conventional variable temperature/pressure swing adsorption. The DAC bio-absorption process absor

关键词： Adsorption

Thermodynamic Performance of Cacl2 Absorption Heat Pump Thermal Energy Storage System with Triple Storage Tanks

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Jinsen Zhou, Yuan Liu, Jiping Zhao, Yongliang Zhang, Shunqi Yan, Junjie MOE Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Absorption thermal energy storage has the characteristics of high thermal energy storage density (ESD) and low heat loss for long-term storage. To solve the coal-fired combined heat and power plant heat-power-coupling problem, in this work, an absorption heat pump thermal energy storage system (AHPTES) using CaCl2-water solution as the working fluid is proposed. A steady-state thermodynamic model of the system was constructed using Aspen Plus. Under the design conditions, the AHPTES system requires a tank volume of 464.61 m3 for one hour of operation, an ESD of 29.81 kW·h/m3, a thermal energy storage ratio of 46.50%, and a heating ratio of 53.54%. Compared to the dual-tank thermal energy storage system with H2O and CaCl2-water solutions as working fluids, the AHPTES system has 1.43 and 1.25 times higher ESD and 0.7 and 0.8 times lower tank volume, respectively. Then, the effects of CaCl2 mass fraction, driving pressure, evaporator outlet temperature, preheating temperature, and condensing temperature on the system performance are simulated. Improving the CaCl2 mass fraction, lowering the evaporator outlet temperature, and raising the condensing temperature and preheating temperature can boost the system's performance. At the optimal system performance, the required tank volume for one hour of system operation is 439.56m3, ESD can reach up to 37.39 kW·h/m3, heating ratio to 44.83%, and the energy storage ratio to 55.17%. Besides, raising the mass fraction of CaCl2 to 52% and decreasing the evaporator outlet temperature to 30 °C at 50% mass fraction resulted in crystallization of the system. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal energy

P-Type Chemical Doping-Induced High Bipolar Electrical Conductivities in a Thermoelectric Donor–Acceptor Copolymer

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第10期3卷 2482-2493页

作者： Jing Wang Yizhuo Wang Qing Li Zhanchao Li Kuncai Li Hong Wang Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054 State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054

Typically,conducting polymers transfer either electrons or *** is rare to see high bipolar(p-and n-type)electrical conductivities within a single bulk doped organic polymer without the assistant of gate ***,we report that FeCl3-doped solutionprocessable D–A copolymer poly(2,5-bis(2-octyldo decyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen)(DPPTTT)could exhibit a high p-type electrical conductivity of 130.6 S/cm and a good n-type electrical conductivity of 14.2 S/cm by engineering the doping level.

关键词： polarity switching donor-acceptor copoly mer thermoelectric organic diode p-ty pe doping

Transient gas/liquid two-phase flow in a pipeline-riser system after the change of inlet flow rates

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multiphase Science and Technology 2020年第2期32卷 25-46页

作者： Zou, Suifeng Liu, Weizhi Xu, Qiang Xie, Xiangdong Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Transient gas/liquid two-phase flow caused by the change of inlet gas and/or liquid flow rates was experimentally studied in a 380-meter-long pipeline-riser system with a vertical riser of 21.5 meters in height. Results showed that, for the transient processes with the same median flow rates, the rise of flow rates was likely to result in shorter duration time compared to the fall of flow rates. Apart from the manner of change, the duration time was also closely related to the flow mechanism, which varied with the global flow regime. As a consequence, the transient process lasted a longer time around the transition boundary of stable regime and the severe slugging regime;whereas, the transient process would be shorter if the regime was an irregular oscillation;and the longest transient process was found at very low gas and liquid flow rates. As for the prediction of duration time of both the entire transient process and the transition to undesirable flow regimes, the support vector machine turned out to be much more suitable than the log-linear regression. In addition, some similarities of pressure drop signals were found between the transition to unstable and irregular flow regimes and the steady state of these regimes. Since the method for fast recognition of a steady global flow regime has already been developed, it becomes possible to forecast the transition to these undesirable flow regimes through the modification of the recognition method. © 2020 Begell House Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： flow rate