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Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image Based on Enhanced Deep Residual Networks Modified 5

Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image Based on ...

引用

5th IEEE International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy systems, CIEES 2024

作者： Ulkareem Naser, Maysaa Abd Hassin Al-Asadi, Abbas H. University of Basrah Dept. of Computer Information Systems Basrah Iraq Kufa University Department of Computer Science Kufa Iraq

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352863

Contrast is very important in analyzing medical images, and some contrast enhances the methods that could be very helpful when the image contrast is not good. The enhancement of Deep Super-Resolution (EDSR) is the deep learning (DL) technique that improves the quality and resolution of low-resolution images. Within this study, a transfer learning method grounded in a convolutional neural network (EDSR-Modified) is leveraged for enhancing contrast in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). The study conducts experiments at the S7 ISP and ACDC datasets, utilizing the S7 ISP dataset for training and the ACDC dataset for testing the assessment enhancement. This study aims to combine EDSR-Modified with transfer learning to improve CMR image quality, which is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. Qualitative comparisons are performed using mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and SSIM evaluation metrics. It is observed that the proposed technique outperforms the other techniques. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Federated TD Learning in Heterogeneous Environments with Average Rewards: A Two-timescale Approach with Polyak-Ruppert Averaging 63

Federated TD Learning in Heterogeneous Environments with Ave...

引用

63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Naskar, Ankur Thoppe, Gugan Koochakzadeh, Abbasali Gupta, Vijay Indian Institute of Science Dept. of Computer Science and Automation Bengaluru India Purdue University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering IN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) provides a promising way to speedup training in reinforcement learning using multiple edge devices that can operate in parallel. Recently, it has been shown that even when these edge devices have access to different dynamic models, an optimal convergence rate that has a linear speedup proportional to the number of devices is achievable. However, this result requires that the stepsize in the algorithm be chosen in a manner dependent on the unknown model parameters. Also, it applies only to a discounted setting, which has been argued to fit episodic tasks better than continuing control tasks. In this paper, we obtain finite-time bounds for heterogeneous FRL with average rewards. We show that the optimal convergence rate with a linear speedup is possible even with a universal stepsize choice, independent of the underlying dynamics. To achieve our result, we modify the existing one-timescale FRL method to a novel two-timescale variant that additionally incorporates iterate averaging. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Towards Fast Rates for Federated and Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning 63

Towards Fast Rates for Federated and Multi-Task Reinforcemen...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Zhu, Feng Heath, Robert W. Mitra, Aritra North Carolina State University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of California Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering San Diego United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

We consider a setting involving N agents, where each agent interacts with an environment modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The agents' MDPs differ in their reward functions, capturing heterogeneous objectives/tasks. The collective goal of the agents is to communicate intermittently via a central server to find a policy that maximizes the average of long-term cumulative rewards across environments. The limited existing work on this topic either only provide asymptotic rates, or generate biased policies, or fail to establish any benefits of collaboration. In response, we propose Fast-FedPG - a novel federated policy gradient algorithm with a carefully designed bias-correction mechanism. Under a gradient-domination condition, we prove that our algorithm guarantees (i) fast linear convergence with exact gradients, and (ii) sublinear rates that enjoy a linear speedup w.r.t. the number of agents with noisy, truncated policy gradients. Notably, in each case, the convergence is to a globally optimal policy with no heterogeneity-induced bias. In the absence of gradient-domination, we establish convergence to a first-order stationary point at a rate that continues to benefit from collaboration. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Review of Teeth Image Segmentation 11

Review of Teeth Image Segmentation

引用

11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing engineering, IcETRAN 2024

作者： Grujev, Milan Ilic, Milos Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Ilic, Aleksandra Stoinev Faculty of Electronic engineering Dept. Computer Sciences Nis Serbia Toplica Academy of Applied Studies Dept. Computer Sciences Prokuplje Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386998

Tooth segmentation is a vital task in medical image analysis aimed at extracting and delineating tooth structures from computed tomography scans. This process plays a crucial role in various clinical applications, including dental diagnostics, treatment planning, and surgical interventions. Through the years, different segmentation approaches are applied on tooth scans that comes from different CT machines. Different approaches archive different segmentation results. In particular most of them provided promising results. The goal of this paper is to present current state of the art in this field. Our research mainly was focused on research results from last couple of years. In this way this paper represents good start for all researches which plan is to contribute in the field of tooth segmentation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Single Object Tracking in Satellite Videos Through Deep Learning and Motion Detection Techniques 6

Single Object Tracking in Satellite Videos Through Deep Lear...

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6th International Congress on Human-computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications, HORA 2024

作者： Hayder, Israa Alizadeh, Fattah Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hawlere Erbil Iraq Dept. of computer science Toronto Metropolitan university Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394634

Single object tracking in satellite videos has recently gained a lot of attention in the field of computer vision. Although the satellite images are very informative, the small size of the objects and limited spatial and temporal resolution might make object tracking difficult and inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a method for accurately tracking small objects in satellite videos. In the initial phase, we applied the Fast Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (FSRCNN), a deep learning-based super-resolution technique, to enhance the resolution of the frames. This procedure serves to sharpen the details and features of the objects, resulting in a clearer representation. The main contribution, however, lies in our incorporation of a robust motion detection technique into our framework, marking a significant step forward in this study. The motion detection approach combines various methods and operations with the primary goal of making moving objects distinctly visible and easily distinguishable from the complex image background. This enhancement significantly contributes to the precision and accuracy of the tracking system. We combined both approaches with Fully Convolutional Siamese Network (SiamFC) due to its robustness in tracking processes across frames in videos, capacity to handle changes in target appearance, and ability to deal with small datasets. The Satellite Video Single Object Tracking (SatSOT) and SV248A10-SOT (SV248S), two satellite video single object tracking datasets, were used to evaluate the proposed approach. When the techniques were applied, the SatSOT dataset showed an 11% precision score increase and a 10% success rate improvement. The SV248S dataset exhibited even more significant improvements, with precision scores increasing by 18% and success scores rising by 9%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Satellites

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A DNA-based Authentication System for Securing Cloud Data Storage and Transactions 18

A DNA-based Authentication System for Securing Cloud Data St...

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18th INDIAcom;11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, INDIACom 2024

作者： Kumar, Tarun Kumar, Prabhat Namasudra, Suyel National Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engineering Patna India National Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engineering Agartala India

ISBN: (纸本)9789380544519

Cloud computing has grown rapidly, but data breaches and unauthorized account access remain a persistent threat. Commonly used cryptographic authentication methods rely on mathematically complex but computationally insecure protocols. This paper suggests using new developments in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) computing to make the cloud safer by using biological authentication protocols that can be used by a lot of people. A DNA-based cryptographic key system is developed for leveraging synthetic DNA's dense information capacity. This approach interfaces biochemically secure DNA signatures with existing cloud architectures to provide multi-factor authentication (MFA), encrypting access to sensitive user data and transactions. The developed DNA cryptography protocols offer resilience against common attacks like password leaks, while the massive parallelism inherent in biochemical reactions allows efficient processing of authentication requests even under immense cloud workloads. This paper proposes the system's security using established threat frameworks, analyzing attack vectors related to storage, access control, data leakage, etc. This interdisciplinary approach highlights how DNA computing's advantages in encryption, steganography, and blockchain can address real-world cybersecurity needs. © 2024 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.

关键词： Biometrics Cloud Data Security DNA Cryptography Multi-factor Authentication Synthetic Biology

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A Review of Disease Detection in Sugarcane Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques 15

A Review of Disease Detection in Sugarcane Using Machine Lea...

引用

15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Pavan, Undavalli Chandra Pateriya, R.K. Tomar, Deepak Singh Singh, Surendra Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Dept. of computer science & engineering Bhopal India National Institute of Technology Dept. of computer science & engineering Uttarakhand India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

Agriculture has been an active source of food and economic growth, but it faces significant challenges from diseases and climate change. In Indonesia, sugarcane production is severely impacted by viral infections such as Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). These infectious diseases pose a threat to the world's sugarcane industry, resulting in significant crop losses in nations like Brazil and India, along with other viruses like the Fiji Disease Virus (FDV), and Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus (SCYLV). For such diseases to be managed and performance to be maintained, early detection is essential. Disease detection is accomplished by both conventional and cutting-edge approaches, such as molecular, serological, and imaging methods. However, the advancements in Machine learning, Deep learning and computational image processing algorithms have demonstrated significant potential in the early and precise diagnosis of disease. In this study, different methods used for machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for plant disease diagnosis were reviewed and it highlights the need of high-quality datasets, various pre-processing techniques, robust extraction of features, and efficient classification techniques. It also discussed the issues with data collection, symptom variability, over-fitting, and imbalances in classes, along with potential avenues for further advancement in diagnosing diseases systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： challenges deep learning detection hybrid models machine learning Plant diseases

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Union Bound for Generalized Duplication Channels with DTW Decoding

Union Bound for Generalized Duplication Channels with DTW De...

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2023 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2023

作者： Vidal, Adrian Wijekoon, V.B. Viterbo, Emanuele Monash University Dept. Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering ClaytonVIC3800 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475549

In this paper, we calculate a union bound for dynamic time warping (DTW)-based decoding of piecewise constant signals corrupted by additive noise and time stretching due to sample duplications, as observed in raw measurement signals obtained from nanopore sequencers. We consider both finitely- and infinitely-supported duplications with geometric-like characteristic, which include discrete uniform distributions as a special case. First, we provide explicit algorithms that calculate the union bound in O(ak2) time for the infinite-support case and in O(ß2k2) for the finite-support case, where k is the codeword length, a is the minimum duplication, and ß is the maximum duplication. Next, we show that a multi-read union bound exhibits a thresholding effect, where the error probability can be made arbitrarily close to zero by aggregating DTW distances from sufficiently many independent reads. Finally, we validate the calculated bounds relative to simulation results. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Additive noise

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Exploring Taiwan Monkeypox Virus (MPOX/MPXV) Clade IIb by Establishing Dataset and Clustering by using Sequence and Image Similarity Comparisons 24

Exploring Taiwan Monkeypox Virus (MPOX/MPXV) Clade IIb by Es...

引用

7th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent systems, CIIS 2024

作者： Wang, Tzung-Wei Li, Ming-Kuang Lou, Der-Chyuan Lin, Chun-Yuan Dept. of Electronics Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taiwan Taichung Taiwan Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717437

Based on the MPXV Clade IIb cases in Taiwan, 175 segments were identified from OPG001 to OPG210. The first focus of this paper is on sequence analysis of the MPXV cases in Taiwan, detailing the procedures, including semi-automated segmentation and dataset creation from a large number of MPXV Clade IIb nucleotide sequences found in the NCBI and GISAID databases. The second feature highlights the pioneering establishment of an MPXV Clade IIb RNA 2nd structure image dataset in Taiwan, as such a dataset does not yet exist globally. The third characteristic involves the use of unsupervised learning methods for the rapid clustering of MPXV Clade IIb RNA 2nd structure images. This approach allows not only for the quick detection and clustering of unknown MPXV Clade IIb cases but also for the rapid identification of new MPXV mutations and structural changes. Compared to traditional sequence analysis, this new hybrid systematic method significantly enhances overall efficiency, improving processing speed by at least 24 hours when handling the alignment of 10 MPXV sequences from Taiwan. Future plans include using this prototype analytical model and method to accelerate the analysis of critical lethal factors in MPXV Clade IIb, such as D14L, ultimately helping biologists reduce the time required for analysis and antiviral drug development. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Nucleotides

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Utilising Convolutional Neural Networks for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

Utilising Convolutional Neural Networks for the Automated De...

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2024 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking, ICSCAN 2024

作者： Lakshmi, R Poornima Shopika, S. Yaazhini, A. Hemalatha, M. Saraswathi, V. Ponnusamy, R. Chennai Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu India Chennai Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Tamilnadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510022

Diabetic retinopathy has emerged as one of the leading causes of eye diseases among people suffering from long-term diabetes. Indeed, it raises the risk of being blinded without proper detection and treatment. Conventional detection of retinal fundus images by an ophthalmologist is time-consuming and prone to mistakes owing to human intervention. This is particularly a cause for alarm in the wake of the growing incidence of diabetes globally. The need for automated, accurate detection systems for early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy has never been more relevant. In this work, we develop a deep learning model based on CNN for classifying four stages of diabetic retinopathy, from no DR to proliferative DR. We tested the model in a public dataset to extract features from retinal images and to screen for abnormalities automatically. Our CNN model achieved 98.5% classification and detection accuracy, thus indicating the ability to make a real difference in the early detection and treatment plan, thereby preserving the vision of many diabetic patients. Practical value The present research is very relevant to clinical practice and, therefore, practically useful because of its relevance to healthcare technology. Using accuracy and loss function metrics, the proposed model performs well compared to the latest techniques in DR detection. An approach based on CNNs is expected to ease much of the workload that healthcare professionals bear in diagnosis and improve the precision, potentially resulting in a very high cutback in vision loss in diabetic patients with better patient outcomes. Our study has highlighted the practical utility of the CNN model, which has improved patient outcomes. DR is a serious condition affecting the eyes, which, in case of untimely detection and untreated in diabetic patients, can cause loss of vision. For centuries, the conventional diagnosis for this disease has been through the manual inspection of retinal fundus images taken through a camera

关键词： Clinical research

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