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Health Facilities Readiness to Implement Standard Precautions for Infection Prevention and Control in Tanzania: Lesson Learnt from SARA Reports

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 392-404页

作者： Joseph Christopher Hokororo Omary A. Nassoro Saumu Iddy Nungu Radenta Paul Bahegwa Ruth Raymond Ngowi Yohanes Silipamwambo Msigwa Laura Edward Marandu Mwendwa Mwenesi Chrisogone Justin German Akili Mawazo Michael M. Habtu Grace E. Saguti Tigest K. Mengestu Eliudi Saria Eliakimu Health Quality Assurance Unit Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania Immunization and Vaccine Development (IVD) Program Division of Preventive Services Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania School of Laboratory Sciences Muhimbili University Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania World Health Organization—Tanzania Country Office Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Introduction: Standard Precautions are a set of measures applied in the care of all individuals/patients regardless of their infectious status aiming at preventing healthcare workers and patients from infections, preventing environmental contamination and spread of infections to the community. Many health facilities have not implemented them to an acceptable level. The purpose of the study is to report progress of improvement in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions for infection prevention and control based on SARA reports. Methods: We generated mean scores of all standard precautions each year and calculated their standard deviations, variances and confidence intervals. One-way ANOVA was used to determine if the mean scores were equal. Finally, the trend of improvement in health facilities readiness to implement the standard precautions was generated. Results: A total of nine standard precautions were reported in SARA reports for 2012, 2017 and 2020. The mean scores of the standard precautions were 52.22% in 2012, 64.55% in 2017 and 69.66% in 2020. The overall trend showed an increase in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions, although the mean scores were not statistically different (p-value 0.3217). Conclusion: SARA surveys conducted in Tanzania in 2012, 2017 and 2020 have shown an overall increase in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions. Safe final waste disposal was being done in fewest facilities while single-use or auto-disable syringes were in most facilities that were sampled in all years. SARA surveys may be a useful way to evaluate Infection Prevention and Control adherence in health facilities.

关键词： Infection Prevention and Control Standard Precautions Health Facilities Readiness Safe Waste Disposal Implementation of Standard Precautions

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Author Correction: Establishing a universal IVRP method for quadrivalent HPV vaccines to replace in vivo potency tests

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NPJ vaccines 2025年第1期10卷 93页

作者： Jinpan Hu Zijing Jia Meng Wang Lingling Nie Wangjun Fu Qingfeng Zhang Haiyang Qin Jianhui Nie Xiaoyu Xu Lingjie Xu Fengze Wang Yingping Chen Bo Xing Tao Li Danfeng Li Shaowei Li Ningshao Xia Xiangxi Wang Weijin Huang National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China. Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) No. 31 Huatuo Street Daxing District 102629 Beijing China. CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of Macromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China. Vazyme Biotech Co. Ltd 210000 Nanjing China. Department of Immunization Program Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou 310051 China. Guangxi Institute for Drug Control Nanning 530021 China. National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China. nsxia@***. CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of Macromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China. xiangxi@***. National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China. huangweijin@***. Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) No. 31 Huatuo Street Daxing District 102629 Beijing China. huangweijin@***.

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2010-2015年全球实验室网络支持的消除麻疹和风疹工作的进展

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上海预防医学 2018年第2期30卷 156-159页

作者： mick n.mulders paul a.rota joseph p.icenogle kevin e.brown makoto takeda gloria j.rey myriam c.ben mamou annick r.g.a.dosseh charles r.byabamazima hinda j.ahmed sirima pattamadilok yan zhang marta gacic-dobo peter m.strebel james l.goodson 周惠嘉(翻译) department of immunization vaccinesand biologicalsworld health organization(who) division of viral diseases national center for immunization and respiratory diseasescdc virus reference department public health englandcolindale-london national institute of infectious diseases comprehensive family immunization who regional office for the americaspan american health organization vaccine-preventable diseases and immunization who regional office for europe accelerated immunisations initiatives program who regional office for africaintercountry support team west and central africa accelerated immunisations initiatives program who regional office for africaintercountry support team east and southern africa vaccine-preventable diseases and immunization who regional office for the eastern mediterranean region immunization and vaccine development who regional office for southeast asia expanded programme on immunization who regional office for western pacific global immunization division center for global healthcdc 不详

2012年,世界卫生大会（World Health Assembly）签署全球疫苗行动计划（Global vaccine Action Plan,GVAP）,该计划旨在2020年前消除世界卫生组织（World Health Qrganization,WHO）5个区域的麻疹和风疹。2013年9月,WHO 6个区域的所有... 详细信息

关键词：风疹病毒基因型消除麻疹麻疹病毒实验室

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Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2025年第5期25卷 519-536页

作者： Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe Vongpradith, Avina Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Ma, Jianing Albertson, Samuel B. Novotney, Amanda Khalil, Ibrahim A. Troeger, Christopher E. Doxey, Matthew C. Ledesma, Jorge R. Sirota, Sarah Brooke Bender, Rose Grace Swetschinski, Lucien R. Cunningham, Matthew Spearman, Sandra Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H. A. Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdoun, Meriem Abera, Bayeh Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abtew, Yonas Derso Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Aburuz, Salahdein Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Adhikary, Ripon Kumar Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adra, Saryia Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agide, Feleke Doyore Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Saeed Akinosoglou, Karolina Akter, Ema Al Awaidy, Salah Alajlani, Muaaz M. Alam, Khurshid Albakri, Almaza Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldhaleei, Wafa A. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Syed Shujait Ali Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almustanyir, Sami Alqahatni, Saleh A. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Altaf, Awais Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amugsi, Dickson A. Andrei, Catalina Liliana Antoni, Sebastien Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anwari, Saleha Anwar Palwasha Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Arndt, Michael Benjamin Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atreya, Alok Ayele, Firayad Azadi, Davood Azhar, Gulrez Shah Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami Bahramian, Saeed Balakrishna Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle 98195 WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Urban Indian Health Institute Seattle Indian Health Board Seattle WA United States School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia College of Pharmacy Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Medicine University of Sétif Algeria Sétif Algeria Department of Health Sétif Algeria Department of Medical Microbiology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Biomedical Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Clinical Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center-Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar College of Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Therapeutics United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates School of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Syd

Background Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse vital registration data, verbal autopsy data, mortality surveillance data, and minimally invasive tissue sampling data. We used DisMod-MR (version 2.1), a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews, population-based surveys, and claims and inpatient data. We calculated diarrhoeal disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for each location, year, and age-sex group. For aetiology estimation, we used a counterfactual approach to quantify population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Additionally, we estimated the diarrhoeal disease burden attributable to the independent effects of risk factors using the comparative risk assessment framework. Findings In 2021, diarrhoeal diseases caused an estimated 1.17 million (95% uncertainty interval 0.793-1.62) deaths globally, representing a 60.3% (50.6-69.0) decrease since 1990 (2.93 million [2.31-3.73] deaths). The most pronounced decline was in children younger than 5 years, with a 79.2% (72.4-84.6) decrease in diarrhoeal deaths. Global YLLs also decreased substantially, from 186 million (147-221) in 1990 to 51.4 million (39.9-65.9) in 2021. In 2021, an esti

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Introduction

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vaccine 2016年第43期34卷 5141页

作者： Joseph Okeibunor Bartholomew Dicky Akanmori Richard Mihigo Pascal Mkanda Regional Office for Africa World Health Organization Brazzaville Congo. Electronic address: okeibunorj@who.int. Regional Advisor Vaccine Regulation Immunization & Vaccines Development Family & Reproductive Health Cluster WHO Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) Box 06 Djoue Brazzaville Congo. Regional Office for Africa World Health Organization Brazzaville Congo.

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Enhancing the work of the department of health and human services national vaccine program in global immunization: Recommendations of the national vaccine advisory committee

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Public Health Reports 2014年第5_suppl3期129卷 12-20页

作者： Orenstein, Walter A. Gellin, Bruce G. Beigi, Richard H. Despres, Sarah Larussa, Philip S. Lynfield, Ruth Maldonado, Yvonne Morita, Julie Mouton, Charles Pisani, Amy Rawlins, Wayne Rothholz, Mitchel C. Stenvig, Thomas E. Tan, Litjen Lj Torres, Catherine Viswanath, Kasisomayajula Hetherington, Seth Hosbach, Philip Lewin, Clement Mouton, Charles Emory University Atlanta GA United States National Vaccine Program Office U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Washington DC United States Magee-Women’s Hospital Pittsburgh PA United States Pew Charitable Trusts Washington DC United States Columbia University Department of Pediatr New York NY United States Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul MN United States Stanford University Stanford CA United States Chicago Department of Public Health Chicago IL United States Meharry Medical College Nashville TN United States Every Child by Two Mystic CT United States Aetna Hartford CT United States American Pharmacists Association Washington DC United States South Dakota State University College of Nursing Brookings SD United States Immunization Action Coalition Oak Park IL United States Santa Fe NM United States Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA United States Genocea Biosciences Cambridge MA United States Sanofi Pasteur Swiftwater PA United States Clinical Pediatrics Columbia University United States Emory Vaccine Policy and Development Emory University United States Genocea Biosciences United States Head of Medical Affairs and Immunization Policy Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics United States Pediatric Infectious Diseases Stanford University School of Medicine United States School of Medicine Meharry Medical College United States South Dakota State University School of Nursing United States

The article presents the report titled 'Enhancing the Work of the Department of Health and Human Services National vaccine Program in Global immunization: Recommendations of the National vaccine Advisory Committee.' Topics include an understanding of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), the Global Health Strategy of the HHIS and the 2010 National vaccine Plan, and the need to focus on complete polio eradication and enhance measles mortality reduction.

关键词： immunization POLIO -- Prevention MEASLES prevention MEDICAL protocols COMMITTEES INTERPROFESSIONAL relations LEADERSHIP POLIOMYELITIS vaccine PRIORITY (Philosophy) RESEARCH -- Evaluation WORLD health DECISION making in clinical medicine DISEASE eradication ECONOMIC aspects

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Meningococcal conjugate vaccines: Optimizing global impact

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Infection and Drug Resistance 2011年第1期4卷 161-169页

作者： Terranella, Andrew Cohn, Amanda Clark, Thomas Epidemic Intelligence Service Division of Applied Sciences Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office Atlanta GA United States Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

Meningococcal conjugate vaccines have several advantages over polysaccharide vaccines, including the ability to induce greater antibody persistence, avidity, immunologic memory, and herd immunity. Since 1999, meningococcal conjugate vaccine programs have been established across the globe. Many of these vaccination programs have resulted in significant decline in meningococcal disease in several countries. Recent introduction of serogroup A conjugate vaccine in Africa offers the potential to eliminate meningococcal disease as a public health problem in Africa. However, the duration of immune response and the development of widespread herd immunity in the population remain important questions for meningococcal vaccine programs. Because of the unique epidemiology of meningococcal disease around the world, the optimal vaccination strategy for long-term disease prevention will vary by country. © 2011 Terranella et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.

关键词： Conjugate vaccine Meningitis Meningococcal disease Meningococcal vaccine

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Plant-Derived vaccines: A New Approach to International Public Health

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Journal of Food Science 2008年第1期69卷

作者： CHARLES J. ARNTZEN RICHARD T. M AHONEY About the authors: Charles Arntzen was appointed to the Florence Ely Nelson Presidential Endowed Chair at Arizona State Univ. in Tempe in 2000. He also serves as the Founding Director of the Arizona Biomedical Institute. Prior to joining ASU Dr. Arntzen was the president and CEO of the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research in Ithaca New York. He has served on many national and international committees including service as Chairman of the National Institutes of Health's Biotechnology Policy Board and as Chair of the Biobased Industrial Products Committee for the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 1983 and to the National Academy of India the following year. He currently serves as a member of President George W. Bush's Council of Advisors on Science & Technology. Richard Mahoney joined the faculty of Arizona State Univ. in 2002 and with Dr. Arntzen is the co-founder of the proVacs (production of Vaccines using Applied Crop Science) Center. He has been an international pioneer in public sector management of intellectual property and in policy issues related to the global introduction of vaccines. He formerly served as Vice President of PATH (the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Seattle Washington) as chairman of the International Task Force on Hepatitis B Immunization and as co-founder and Chief Development and Administrative Officer of IVI (the International Vaccine Institute Seoul Korea). He has spent the past 15 years focusing on vaccine production and supply issues and has identified intellectual property as a crucial element in assuring vaccine supply to the developing world. Based upon this experience he was the architect of recently created the Center for Management of Intellectual Property in Health R&D (MIHR) program which is based in London England. Their mailing address is: Arizona Biomedical Institute Arizona State Univ. PO Box 871601 Tempe AZ 85287-1601 USA.

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Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: No epidemiological evidence for a causal association.

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The Journal of pediatrics 2000年第1期136卷 125-126页

作者： DeStefano, F. Chen, R.T. Vaccine Safety and Development Branch National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta 30333 GA United States

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An integer programming model for vaccine procurement and delivery for childhood immunization: A pilot study

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Health Care Management Science 1999年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Jacobson, Sheldon H. Sewell, Edward C. Deuson, Robert Weniger, Bruce G. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University Blacksburg VA 24061 United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026-1653 United States Immunization Services Division National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 United States Vaccine Safety and Development Activity National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 United States

The National immunization Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified several challenges that must be faced in childhood immunization programs to deliver and procure vaccines to protect against the common preventable diseases. The biomedical challenge is how to combine and formulate products to take advantage of new vaccines without requiring additional injections. A programmatic challenge is to incorporate them into already crowded immunization schedules. The economic challenge is to make wise procurement choices from among a growing number of competing products. This paper reports the results of a pilot study using operations research methodologies to address the third of these challenges. The pilot is an integer programming model for procuring vaccines for a set of childhood diseases. The model is studied under various scenarios (minimum total cost, next lowest total cost, maximum total cost, minimum total cost with all manufacturers represented). The results of this pilot study demonstrate how a practical set of operations research tools can be developed to guide vaccine selection and procurement, which might stimulate the development of innovations in new vaccines to meet the challenges of disease control through immunization. © Baltzer Science Publishers BV.

关键词： Economics Integer programming model health-care applications Mathematical programming vaccines

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