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On the Quality of Implementation of the C++11 Thread Support Library

On the Quality of Implementation of the C++11 Thread Support...

引用

Euromicro Conference on parallel, distributed and Network-Based Processing

作者： Peter Thoman Philipp Gschwandtner Thomas Fahringer Distributed and Parallel Systems Group University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Technikerstrasse 21a

Providing standardized building blocks for task-parallel programs within a language and its standard library has several advantages over other solutions. Close integration with compilers and runtime systems allows for potentially higher performance and portability facilitates wide-spread use. In the recently ratified C++11 standard, language constructs have been added along with a memory model to provide the developer with such building blocks. They allow accessing task parallelism and synchronization in a flexible and standardized way, potentially removing the need for third-party solutions. Nevertheless, since parallelization aims at high performance, an examination of the quality of implementation of these standardized means is necessary to determine their suitability for replacing established solutions. To that end, we present INNCABS, a new cross-platform cross-library benchmark suite consisting of 14 benchmarks with varying task granularities and synchronization requirements. Based on these benchmarks, we demonstrate that the performance of C++11 parallelism constructs in the three most commonly employed C++ runtime libraries prevents their use as a full replacement for third-party solutions due to simplistic parallelism implementations and high synchronization overheads.

关键词： Benchmark testing parallel processing Libraries Standards Hardware Synchronization Instruction sets

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Accelerating Cost Aggregation for Real-Time Stereo Matching

Accelerating Cost Aggregation for Real-Time Stereo Matching

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International Conference on parallel and distributed systems (ICPADS)

作者： Jianbin Fang Ana Lucia Varbanescu Jie Shen Henk Sips Gorkem Saygili Laurens Van Der Maaten Parallel and Distributed Systems Group Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

Real-time stereo matching, which is important in many applications like self-driving cars and 3-D scene reconstruction, requires large computation capability and high memory bandwidth. The most time-consuming part of stereo-matching algorithms is the aggregation of information (i.e. costs) over local image regions. In this paper, we present a generic representation and suitable implementations for three commonly used cost aggregators on many-core processors. We perform typical optimizations on the kernels, which leads to significant performance improvement (up to two orders of magnitude). Finally, we present a performance model for the three aggregators to predict the aggregation speed for a given pair of input images on a given architecture. Experimental results validate our model with an acceptable error margin (an average of 10.4%). We conclude that GPU-like many-cores are excellent platforms for accelerating stereo matching.

关键词： Kernel Optimization Memory management Acceleration Venus Graphics processing units Image color analysis

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BarterCast: A practical approach to prevent lazy freeriding in P2P networks

BarterCast: A practical approach to prevent lazy freeriding ...

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： M. Meulpolder J.A. Pouwelse D.H.J. Epema H.J. Sips Parallel and Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Delft University of Technnology Netherlands

A well-known problem in P2P systems is freeriding, where users do not share content if there is no incentive to do so. In this paper, we distinguish lazy freeriders that are merely reluctant to share but follow the protocol, versus die-hard freeriders that employ sophisticated methods to subvert the protocol. Existing incentive designs often provide theoretically attractive resistance against die-hard freeriding, yet are rarely deployed in real networks because of practical infeasibility. Meanwhile, real communities benefit greatly from prevention of lazy freeriding, but have only centralized technology available to do so. We present a lightweight, fully distributed mechanism called BARTERCAST that prevents lazy freeriding and is deployed in practice. BarterCast uses a maxflow reputation algorithm based on a peer's private history of its data exchanges as well as indirect information received from other peers. We assess different reputation policies under realistic, trace-based community conditions and show that our mechanism is consistent and effective, even when significant fractions of peers spread false information. Furthermore, we present results of the deployment of BarterCast in the BitTorrent-based Tribler network which currently has thousands of users worldwide.

关键词： Protocols Intelligent networks Computer science History Peer to peer computing Proposals Privacy Particle measurements

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Advanced Reservation and Co-Allocation of Grid Resources: A Step towards an invisible Grid

Advanced Reservation and Co-Allocation of Grid Resources: A ...

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IEEE International Conference on Multi Topic

作者： Mumtaz Siddiqui Alex Villazon Radu Prodan Thomas Fahringer Distributed and Parallel Systems Group Institute of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria

The grid resource management mainly concerns with provision of the grid resources on-demand. Grid resources are heterogeneous in nature, distributed under multiple trust domains and controlled by their local management systems. In order to provide a grid level smart and robust resource management that shields the grid middleware complexities, we need a better control over grid resources. A mechanism for the provision of service level agreement (SLA) between resource requester and provider could leads us to achieve this goal. Advanced reservation is a promise by the system that a certain resource capability would be available some time in future. In this paper we propose a distributed system for advanced reservation and co-allocation of the grid resources in which clients can negotiate with resource provider for the better compromise between application requirements and resource capabilities

关键词： Resource management Grid computing Middleware Control systems distributed computing Disaster management Authorization Computer science Robust control Pervasive computing

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Fast download but eternal seeding: The reward and punishment of Sharing Ratio Enforcement

Fast download but eternal seeding: The reward and punishment...

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International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing

作者： Adele L. Jia Rameez Rahman Tamás Vinkó Johan A. Pouwelse Dick H.J. Epema Parallel and Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Delft University of Technology Netherlands

Many private BitTorrent communities employ Sharing Ratio Enforcement (SRE) schemes to incentivize users to contribute their upload resources. It has been demonstrated that communities that use SRE are greatly oversupplied, i.e., they have much higher seeder-to-leecher ratios than communities in which SRE is not employed. The first order effect of oversupply under SRE is a positive increase in the average downloading speed. However, users are forced to seed for extremely long times to maintain adequate sharing ratios to be able to start new downloads. In this paper, we propose a fluid model to study the effects of oversupply under SRE, which predicts the average downloading speed, the average seeding time, and the average upload capacity utilization for users in communities that employ SRE. We notice that the phenomenon of oversupply has two undesired negative effects: a) Peers are forced to seed for long times, even though their seeding efforts are often not very productive (in terms of low upload capacity utilization); and b) SRE discriminates against peers with low bandwidth capacities and forces them to seed for longer durations than peers with high capacities. To alleviate these problems, we propose four different strategies for SRE, which have been inspired by ideas in social sciences and economics. We evaluate these strategies through simulations. Our results indicate that these new strategies release users from needlessly long seeding durations, while also being fair towards peers with low capacities and maintaining high system-wide downloading speeds.

关键词： Communities Steady-state Peer to peer computing Bandwidth IEEE Communications Society Analytical models Thin film transistors

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POD-DEIM model order reduction for the monodomain reaction-diffusion equation in neuro-muscular system 6

POD-DEIM model order reduction for the monodomain reaction-d...

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6th ECCOMAS European Conference on Computational Mechanics: Solids, Structures and Coupled Problems, ECCM 2018 and 7th ECCOMAS European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECFD 2018

作者： Emamy, N. Litty, P. Klotz, T. Mehl, M. Röhrle, O. Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Universitätstr. 38 Stuttgart70569 Germany SimTech Research Group on Continuum Biomechanics and Mechanobiology University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 5a Stuttgart70569 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788494731167

We apply the POD-DEIM model order reduction to the propagation of the transmembrane potential along 1D muscle fibers. This propagation is represented using the monodomain partial differential equation. The monodomain equation, which is a reaction-diffusion equation, is coupled through its reaction term with a set of ordinary differential equations, which provide the ionic current across the cell membrane. Due to the strong coupling of the transmembrane potential and ionic state variables, we reduce them all together proposing a total reduction strategy. We compare the current strategy with the conventional strategy of reducing the transmembrane potential. Considering the current approach, the discrete system matrix is slightly modified to adjust for the size. However, size of the precomputed reduced system matrix remains the same, which means the same computational cost. The current approach appears to be four orders of magnitude more accurate considering the equivalent number of modes on the same grid in comparison to the conventional approach. Moreover, it shows a faster convergence in the number of POD modes with respect to the grid refinement. Using the DEIM approximation of nonlinear functions in combination with the total reduction, the nonlinear functions corresponding to the ionic state variables are also approximated besides the nonlinear ionic current in the monodomain equation. For the current POD-DEIM approach, it appears that the same number of DEIM interpolation points as the number of POD modes is the optimal choice regarding stability, accuracy and runtime. copyright © Crown copyright (2018).All right reserved.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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Dynamic multi-objective optimization with jMetal and Spark: A case study 1

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2nd International Workshop on Machine Learning, Optimization and Big Data, MOD 2016

作者： Cordero, José A. Nebro, Antonio J. Barba-González, Cristóbal Durillo, Juan J. Garcia-Nieto, José Navas-Delgado, Ismael Aldana-Montes, José F. Geneva Switzerland Khaos Research Group Ada Byron Research Building Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación University of Málaga Málaga Spain Distributed and Parallel Systems Group University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria

ISBN: (数字)9783319514697

ISBN: (纸本)9783319514680

Technologies for Big Data and Data Science are receiving increasing research interest nowadays. This paper introduces the prototyping architecture of a tool aimed to solve Big Data Optimization problems. Our tool combines the jMetal framework for multi-objective optimization with Apache Spark, a technology that is gaining momentum. In particular, we make use of the streaming facilities of Spark to feed an optimization problem with data from different sources. We demonstrate the use of our tool by solving a dynamic bi-objective instance of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) based on near real-time traffic data from New York City, which is updated several times per minute. Our experiment shows that both jMetal and Spark can be integrated providing a software platform to deal with dynamic multi-optimization problems. © Springer International Publishing AG 2016.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Performance Gaps between OpenMP and OpenCL for Multi-core CPUs

Performance Gaps between OpenMP and OpenCL for Multi-core CP...

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International Conference on parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW)

作者： Jie Shen Jianbin Fang Henk Sips Ana Lucia Varbanescu Parallel and Distributed Systems Group Delft University of Technology Netherlands Department of Computer Systems VU University Amsterdam Netherlands

OpenCL and OpenMP are the most commonly used programming models for multi-core processors. They are also fundamentally different in their approach to parallelization. In this paper, we focus on comparing the performance of OpenCL and OpenMP. We select three applications from the Rodinia benchmark suite (which provides equivalent OpenMP and OpenCL implementations), and carry out experiments with different datasets on three multi-core platforms. We see that the incorrect usage of the multi-core CPUs, the inherent OpenCL fine-grained parallelism, and the immature OpenCL compilers are the main reasons that lead to the OpenCL poorer performance. After tuning the OpenCL versions to be more CPU-friendly, we show that OpenCL either outperforms or achieves similar performance in more than 80% of the cases. Therefore, we believe that OpenCL is a good alternative for multi-core CPU programming.

关键词： Kernel Programming parallel processing Performance evaluation Arrays Hardware

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A heterogeneous environment for hardware/software cosimulation

A heterogeneous environment for hardware/software cosimulati...

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Annual Symposium on Simulation

作者： W.D. Bishop W.M. Loucks Parallel and Distributed Systems Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

A heterogeneous environment for hardware/software cosimulation is described. This environment permits a portion of an application's subsystems to be simulated using reconfigurable hardware while the remainder of the subsystems are simulated using software. An Aptix FPCB populated with Xilinx FPGAs serves as the hardware simulation platform while an IBM-compatible PC serves as the software simulation platform. The two platforms are connected using an Altera reconfigurable logic board which allows the development of a high-speed interface for communication. This paper focuses on the difficulties associated with designing and interfacing simulation entities in this heterogeneous environment. Strategies for designing hardware and software simulation entities are introduced. These strategies reduce the impact of size and performance constraints imposed by the cosimulation environment while addressing the issues of time management and synchronization. A simple queueing application is used to illustrate a design methodology which incorporates these design strategies.

关键词： Hardware Engines Application software Emulation Computational modeling Logic Digital signal processing Field programmable gate arrays Software design Environmental management

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Towards an Effective Unified Programming Model for Many-Cores

Towards an Effective Unified Programming Model for Many-Core...

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IEEE International Symposium on parallel and distributed Processing Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW)

作者： Ana Lucia Varbanescu Pieter Hijma Rob van Nieuwpoort Henri Bal Parallel and Distributed Systems Group Delft University of Technnology Netherlands Computing Systems Group Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands ASTRON Dwingeloo Netherlands

Building an effective programming model for many-core processors is challenging. On the one hand, the increasing variety of platforms and their specific programming models force users to take a hardware-centric approach not only for implementing parallel applications, but also for designing them. This approach diminishes portability and, eventually, limits performance. On the other hand, to effectively cope with the increased number of large-scale workloads that require parallelization, a portable, application-centric programming model is desirable. Such a model enables programmers to focus first on extracting and exploiting parallelism from their applications, as opposed to generating parallelism for specific hardware, and only second on platform-specific implementation and optimizations. In this paper, we first present a survey of programming models designed for programming three families of many-cores: general purpose many-cores (GPMCs), graphics processing units (GPUs), and the Cell/B.E.. We analyze the usability of these models, their ability to improve platform programmability, and the specific features that contribute to this improvement. Next, we also discuss two types of generic models: parallelism-centric and application-centric. We also analyze their features and impact on platform programmability. Based on this analysis, we recommend two application-centric models (OmpSs and OpenCL) as promising candidates for a unified programming model for many-cores and we discuss potential enhancements for them.

关键词： Programming parallel processing Computer architecture Data models Concurrent computing Computational modeling Productivity

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