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Diabetic Retinopathy Image Segmentation Method Based on Fusion DenseNet and U-Net Network

engineering Letters 2025年第2期33卷 418-428页

作者： Zhang, Yaxuan Xu, Yang Zhai, Jinlong University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common and significant complication in patients with diabetes, and severely affecting their quality of life. Image segmentation plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment of DR. However, traditional methods are limited in terms of segmentation accuracy and generalization capability. This paper proposes a novel image segmentation method for diabetic retinopathy based on the integration of DenseNet and U-Net networks. Firstly, DenseNet is utilized to replace the encoder part of U-Net. The dense connection mechanism enhances the efficiency of feature propagation and improves the feature extraction capability of the encoder. Secondly, we introduce Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution (ODConv) to replace traditional convolutions. ODConv is used to handle diverse input features effectively. The model's adaptability and segmentation accuracy for various samples is improved. Finally, we integrate the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) into the decoder. By leveraging channel and spatial attention, the ability to capture key features is enhanced, and the segmentation accuracy and boundary recognition capabilities are improved. To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the model. This paper conducts experiments on the DDR dataset and the IDRID dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method improved the mDice score by 0.53% compared to traditional methods. It also increased the mIoU score by 1.12% over traditional methods. This indicates that the proposed method has better performance in segmenting diabetic retinopathy images. It also demonstrates better generalization ability. © 2025, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Finite-Time Sliding Mode Control of Vehicle Formation with Specified Performance

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engineering Letters 2025年第3期33卷 620-629页

作者： Guo, Dongyang Zhang, Zhao Zhou, Hongyan Chen, Xue-Bo School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

The current urban intelligent transportation is in a rapid development stage, and coherence control of vehicle formations has important implications in urban intelligent transportation research. This article focuses on the problem of urban intelligent transportation planning, and proposes a new control method for vehicle formation regulation tracking performance control with bounded disturbances and model uncertainty, combining the multiple advantages of sliding mode control and finite time control and utilizing the universal approximation of neural network. This method can ensure that the vehicle formation can achieve the specified tracking performance and be stable in finite time instead of asymptotically stable. First, the third-order dynamics model and spacing strategy of the vehicle are given. The tracking performance of the vehicle formation is specified. Then, the control objective of the system is transformed by using the error transformation to obtain a new system. An improved sliding mode surface is designed for the transformed system. Furthermore, the universal approximation property of the neural network is utilised to overcome the parameter uncertainty in the system. The reconstruction error of neural network is handled by a robust term. In addition, the jittery vibration phenomenon of sliding mode control has been overcome. Finally, the finite-time stability of the system is analysed by constructing the Lyapunov function, simulations were performed to validate and compare with conventional control methods, simulation results show that the novel control method proposed in this paper is significantly faster than the conventional control method, validated the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper. © 2025, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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Clustering and Artificial Intelligence-based Prediction of Ecologically Sustainable Species Introductions

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第4期52卷 1159-1168页

作者： Liu, Shuqiao Zhang, Zhao Zhou, Hongyan Chen, Xue-Bo School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

There is a growing interest in sustainable ecosystem development, which includes methods such as scientific modeling, environmental assessment, and development forecasting and planning. However, due to insufficient survey data in many current development areas, development progress is delayed and stagnant. To address this situation, this paper proposes a SWOT-TOPSIS-K-Means (STK) data analysis and evaluation model to analyze ecological factors, which can realize a comprehensive and complete data analysis with fewer samples. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network models were constructed from the results of this analysis, and statistical tests such as r-squared, mean absolute error, and cross-validation are used to further confirm the performance efficiency of the computational prediction models to provide real-time prediction research solutions. For this purpose, data from research scholars on species introduction in ecosystem development were selected for testing. The results show that the proposed assessment model and modeling results satisfy all accuracy-related acceptance requirements. Among them, MLP is better than DT and RF. In summary, the STK assessment model and the MLP prediction model can provide a basis for the selection and development of ecological factors. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Prediction models

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Confidence-based Class Relation Embedding for Few-shot Domain Adaptation

Confidence-based Class Relation Embedding for Few-shot Domai...

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2024 International Symposium on Internet of Things and Smart Cities, ISITSC 2024

作者： Jia, Baoxi Chen, Junyang Wu, Yirui College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505516

In visual tasks such as image classification, the presence of domain shift often renders deep neural network models trained solely on specific datasets unable to generalize to new domains. In practical applications, due to the high cost of annotating rare data, it is extremely challenging to label all source domain samples comprehensively. Moreover, existing unsupervised domain adaptation methods often lack modeling of class relationships. Therefore, we propose a few-shot unsupervised domain adaptation method based on confidence-guided class relationship embedding. This approach aims to identify high-confidence target samples corresponding to sparsely labeled source samples, forming an inter-domain cross-mixed dataset. By constructing inter-domain contrastive learning, we explicitly guide the transfer of knowledge from the source domain to the target domain, leveraging the domain invariance of class relationships. Additionally, considering the varying learning difficulties of different target samples, we have devised an intra-domain class relationship contrastive loss, which leverages easy samples to facilitate the learning of difficult-to-classify samples. Experiments demonstrate that this model contributes to enhancing the performance of domain adaptation tasks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Heterologous Image Matching Based on Salience Region

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第4期52卷 894-900页

作者： Zhai, Jinlong Xu, Yang Yan, Xiaohu Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen Polytechnic University Shenzhen518055 China

To address the matching problem caused by the significant differences in spatial features, spectrum and contrast between heterologous images, a heterologous image matching method based on salience region is proposed in this paper. Firstly, texture features and corner features are detected. Secondly, the epanechnikov kernel function is used to calculate the point with the maximum kernel function value among all feature points, which is then defined as E-point. Thirdly, the salience region is defined and extracted according to the position of the E-point. Finally, six groups of heterologous images are used as data sources, and compared with HAPCG, HOWP, SIFT, and PSO_SIFT algorithms respectively. The results show that the comprehensive matching performance of the proposed method is better than the original algorithm without salience region processing. The root mean square error and the matching time are less than the original method while ensuring a similar number of matching points, which greatly improves the accuracy and speed of heterologous image matching. © (2025.0), (International Association of Engineers). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Image matching

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DocTTT: Test-Time Training for Handwritten Document Recognition Using Meta-Auxiliary Learning

DocTTT: Test-Time Training for Handwritten Document Recognit...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Gu, Wenhao Gu, Li Wang, Ziqiang Suen, Ching Yee Wang, Yang Concordia University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

Despite recent significant advancements in Handwritten Document Recognition (HDR), the efficient and accurate recognition of text against complex backgrounds, diverse handwriting styles, and varying document layouts remains a practical challenge. Moreover, this issue is seldom addressed in academic research, particularly in scenarios with minimal annotated data available. In this paper, we introduce the DocTTT framework to address these challenges. The key innovation of our approach is that it uses test-time training to adapt the model to each specific input during testing. We propose a novel Meta-Auxiliary learning approach that combines Meta-learning and self-supervised Masked Autoencoder (MAE). During testing, we adapt the visual representation parameters using a self-supervised MAE loss. During training, we learn the model parameters using a meta-learning framework, so that the model parameters are learned to adapt to a new input effectively. Experimental results show that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches on benchmark datasets. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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A Dual-stage Teacher-Student Representation Learning Framework for Semi-supervised Cardiac Image Segmentation

A Dual-stage Teacher-Student Representation Learning Framewo...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Zhang, Yifan Zhao, Jiajun Zhao, Yang Yang, Xuan College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

This study introduces a novel generative adversarial network (GAN)-based Dual-stage Teacher-Student Representation Learning (GDL) framework designed to extract effective representations from unlabeled data for cardiac image segmentation. The GDL framework employs an adversarial augmentation approach, simultaneously training a generation model to produce diverse samples and a teacher-student model to learn image representations iteratively. During the pre-training stage, a generator is trained using a diversity-enhanced contrastive loss to generate diverse augmented samples. Subsequently, in the first stage, the generator is further supervised by enforcing dissimilarity between representations produced by the teacher and student models, aiming to expand the image representation space of generated images. In the second stage, the student model is trained to transfer distilled knowledge acquired from the augmented samples to the teacher model to improve its generalization performance in the image segmentation task. Our proposed model ensures that the diverse generated samples correspond precisely to their pseudo-labels, facilitating learning semantic representations from unlabeled data. Experimental results on public cardiac MR datasets demonstrate that our model surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning networks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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An Unbiased Fuzzy Weighted Relative Error Support Vector Machine for Reverse Prediction of Concrete Components

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第9期5卷 4574-4584页

作者： Fan, Zongwen Gou, Jin Weng, Shaoyuan College of Computer Science and Technology Huaqiao University Xiamen361021 China School of Software Engineering Xiamen Institute of Software Technology Xiamen361024 China

Concrete is a vital component in modern construction, prized for its strength, durability, and versatility. Accurately determining the quantities of concrete components is crucial in civil engineering applications to optimize resources (e.g., manpower and financial resources). In this article, we propose an unbiased fuzzy-weighted relative error support vector machine (UFW-RE-SVM) for reverse prediction of concrete components. First, we add an unbiased term to the target function of UFW-RE-SVM for obtaining an unbiased model. Second, we design a fuzzy-weighted operation to indicate sample importance by incorporating the fuzzy membership values into the UFW-RE-SVM. The nth root operation is introduced to address the exponential explosion issue in the fuzzy-weighted operation. Finally, considering the UFW-RE-SVM is sensitive to its hyperparameters for multioutput prediction, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is utilized for hyperparameter optimization for its effectiveness in optimization tasks. We design the fitness function based on the results from multiple components to balance the performance of multioutput predictions. Experimental results show that the performance of our proposed model outperforms existing works in predicting concrete components in terms of mean absolute relative error, standard deviation, and root mean square error. Further, the statistical test shows the WOA and two other metaheuristics can significantly improve the prediction performance. This indicates that the unbiased term, fuzzy-weighted operation, and WOA are effective for improving the proposed model for reverse prediction concrete components. With these promising results, the proposed model could provide decision-makers with a valuable tool for determining concrete component quantities based on desired concrete qualities. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Topological Evaluation of Certain computer Networks by Contraharmonic-Quadratic Indices

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3795-3810页

作者： Ahmed M.Alghamdi Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal M.Usman Ashraf Abdullah Alshahrani Adel Alshamrani Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and Engineering at University of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia

In various fields,different networks are used,most of the time not of a single kind;but rather a mix of at least two *** kinds of networks are called bridge networks which are utilized in interconnection networks of PC,portable networks,spine of internet,networks engaged with advanced mechanics,power generation interconnection,bio-informatics and substance intensify *** number that can be entirely calculated by a graph is called graph *** mathematical graph invariants have been portrayed and utilized for connection investigation during the latest twenty ***,no trustworthy evaluation has been embraced to pick,how much these invariants are associated with a network graph or subatomic *** this paper,it will discuss three unmistakable varieties of bridge networks with an incredible capacity of assumption in the field of computer science,chemistry,physics,drug industry,informatics and arithmetic in setting with physical and manufactured developments and networks,since Contraharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)are recently presented and have different figure qualities for different varieties of bridge graphs or *** study settled the geography of bridge graphs/networks of three novel sorts with two kinds of CQI and Quadratic-Contraharmonic Indices(QCIs).The deduced results can be used for the modeling of the above-mentioned networks.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants Quadratic-Contraharmonic Indices maple network graph molecular graph

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Modified Bat Algorithm: a newly proposed approach for solving complex and real-world problems

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Soft Computing 2024年第13-14期28卷 7983-7998页

作者： Umar, Shahla U. Rashid, Tarik A. Ahmed, Aram M. Hassan, Bryar A. Baker, Mohammed Rashad Department of Software College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Kirkuk Kirkuk Iraq Computer Science and Engineering Department School of Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler KRI Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Science College of Science Charmo University Sulaimani Chamchamal46023 Iraq

Bat Algorithm (BA) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic search algorithm designed to efficiently explore complex problem spaces and find near-optimal solutions. The algorithm is inspired by the echolocation behavior of bats, which acts as a signal system to estimate the distance and hunt prey. Although the BA has proven effective for various optimization problems, it exhibits limited exploration ability and susceptibility to local optima. The algorithm updates velocities and positions based on the current global best solution, causing all agents to converge toward a specific location, potentially leading to local optima issues in optimization problems. On this premise, this paper proposes the Modified Bat Algorithm (MBA) as an enhancement to address the local optima limitation observed in the original BA. MBA incorporates the frequency and velocity of the current best solution, enhancing convergence speed to the optimal solution and preventing local optima entrapment. While the original BA faces diversity issues, both the original BA and MBA are introduced. To assess MBA’s performance, three sets of test functions (classical benchmark functions, CEC2005, and CEC2019) are employed, with results compared to those of the original BA, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA). The outcomes demonstrate the MBA’s significant superiority over other algorithms. In addition, MBA successfully addresses a real-world assignment problem (call center problem), traditionally solved using linear programming methods, with satisfactory results. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Swarm intelligence

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