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Contributors to the Lab on a Chip cell and tissue engineering in microsystems special issue

Lab on a Chip 2007年第6期7卷 667-671页

作者： Bhatia, Sangeeta N. Chen, Christoper Bashir, Rashid Beebe, David J. Desai, Tejal Gottwald, Eric Khademhosseini, Ali Langer, Robert S. Piel, Matthieu Takayama, Shuichi Thorsen, Todd Tien, Joe Voldman, Joel Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana Wu, Mingming Yu, Hanry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies United States Department of Innovation University of Pennsylvania Department of Bioengineering United States Cell Biology and Physiology Program Cell Growth and Cancer Program Tissue Microfabrication Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Purdue University United States Department of Electronics University of Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Physiology and Bioengineering University of California San Francisco CA United States California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research UCSF/UC Berkeley Graduate Group in Bioengineering United States Laboratory of Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany 3D-Cell Culture Techniques Group Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany Department of Medicine and Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States Institut Curie UMR 144 IC/CNRS France Biomedical Engineering Department University of Michigan United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program United States Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Cornell University United States National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology A STAR Singapore

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Decision fusion of circulating markers for breast cancer detection in premenopausal women

Decision fusion of circulating markers for breast cancer det...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, BIBE

作者： Jesneck, Jonathan L. Mukherjee, Sayan Nolte, Loren W. Lokshin, Anna E. Marks, Jeffrey R. Lo, Joseph Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Statistical Science Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program Duke Advanced Imaging Labs. Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Computer Science Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Experimental Surgery Duke University Medical Center Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC 27708 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424415098

Current mammographic screeningfor breast cancer is less effective for younger women. To complement mammography for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility screening test using 98 blood serum proteins. Because the data set was very noisy and contained only weak features, we used a classifier designed for noisy data: decision fusion. Decision fusion outperformed both a support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with forward stepwise feature selection on all three two-class classification tasks: normal tissue vs. cancer, normal tissue vs. benign lesions, and benign lesions vs. cancer. Decision fusion detected cancer moderately well (AUC=0.84 on normal vs. cancer), demonstrating promise as a screening tool. Decision fusion also detected benign lesions similarly well (AUC=0.83 on normal vs. benign lesions) and was the only classifier to achieve any success in separating benign from malignant lesions (AUC=0.64 on benign vs. cancer). The classification results suggest that the assayed proteins are more indicative of a secondary effect, such as immune response, rather than specific for breast cancer. In conclusion, the decision fusion classifier demonstrated some promise in detecting breast lesions and outperformed other classifiers, especially for the very noisy classification problem of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. ©2007 IEEE.

关键词： Tissue

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Limiting Iterations vs. Post Smoothing for Noise Control in PET

Limiting Iterations vs. Post Smoothing for Noise Control in ...

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2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference (NSS 2007), vol.7

作者： Timothy G. Turkington Joshua M. Wilson James E. Bowsher David R. Gilland Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Graduate Program in Medical Physics Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Radiation Oncology Graduate Program in Medical Physics Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

We have performed physical phantom and simulation study with PET to compare the effects of limiting iterations and post-smoothing. The phantom was designed to mimic small hot lesions typical in FDG PET. The phantom was a body-sized 25L phantom. Eight 1cm hot spheres were filled with activity 8x the background. The phantom was scanned in 2D for 15 minutes on a GE Discovery STE. Data were framed into 1, 3, 5, and 15min frames. Images were reconstructed with a variety of subset sizes and up to 60 iterations, with corrections for attenuation, scatter, randoms, and dead-time. All image sets were post-smoothed with 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12mm FWHM Gaussian. ROI's were placed on all hot spheres, and 40 additional background ROI's were placed. Noise was measured as the variation in background ROI's. Additionally, noise was measured on a pixel-by-pixel basis as the variation over the ensemble of realizations of each frame time. Noise vs. contrast (sphere-background) were plotted for each image. The background noise method showed better results for limited iterations (～20% lower noise at a given contrast level) while the ensemble-based noise method favored post-smoothing of high iterations (with a similar ～20% difference). Similar results were obtained for simulations.

关键词： Smoothing methods Positron emission tomography Imaging phantoms Background noise Noise measurement Noise level Lesions Image reconstruction Attenuation Scattering

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The relationship between HRV parameters and stressful driving situation in the real road

The relationship between HRV parameters and stressful drivin...

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IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： Haet Bit Lee Jung Soo Kim Yun Seong Kim Hyun Jae Baek Myung Suk Ryu Kwang Suk Park Seoul National University South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Medical and Biological Engineering Graduate School Republic of Korea Advanced Biometric Research Center Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University Republic of Korea

The aim of this paper is to find a relation between HRV parameters of ECG and stressful driving situation in the real road through various tests. First, we gave a stress to the subject by increasing the driving speed using driving simulator in the laboratory. Second, the subject drove the vehicle on the real road. Through let him drove in the busy narrow street, we evoked stress. ECG and PPG signal was recorded from steering wheel and back cushion each unconsciously. The driving experiment with simulator was not suitable to reproduce actual traffic condition because the adaptation was occurred. On the other hand, in real driving test, the results show that the heart rate is increase, and SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50 were decreased. The heart rate is the strongest indicator and other parameters tend to be changed depend on a personal. The blood pressure had no significant changes. Our results show the good possibility of that the time parameters of the HRV could be used as an instantaneous stress indicator.

关键词： Heart rate variability Stress Electrocardiography Testing Heart rate Laboratories Road vehicles Wheels Traffic control Blood pressure

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A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) - Relevance to morphology of microcalcifications for isocentric motion in Digital Breast tomosynthesis (DBT)

A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and poi...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, BIBE

作者： Chen, Ying Lo, Joseph Y Dobbins III, James T. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale IL 62901 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424415098

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three-dimensional imaging technique providing an arbitrary set of reconstruction planes in the breast with limited series of projection images. This paper describes a comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) algorithms by impulse response and modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Due to the partial isocentric motion of the x-ray tube in DBT, structures such as microcalcifications appear slightly blurred in traditional shift-and-add (SAA) images in the direction perpendicular to the direction of tube 's motion. Point-by-point BP improved rendition of microcalcifications. The sharpness and morphology of calcifications were improved in a human subject images. A Filtered Back Projection (FBP) deblurring approach was used to demonstrate deblurred point-by-point BP tomosynthesis images. The point-by-point BP rather than traditional SAA should be considered as the foundation of further deblurring algorithms for DBT reconstruction. ©2007 IEEE.

关键词： Impulse response

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Comparison of Reduced Angle and Fully 3D Acquisition Sequencing and Trajectories for Dual-Modality Mammotomography

Comparison of Reduced Angle and Fully 3D Acquisition Sequenc...

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2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference, vol.10

作者： Spencer J. Cutler Priti Madhav Kristy L. Perez Dominic J. Crotty Martin P. Tornai Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Medical Physics Graduate program Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Duke University Durham NC US

A dual-modality SPECT-CT system for dedicated 3D breast cancer imaging is under development. Independent dedicated SPECT and CT imaging systems have been integrated onto a single gantry for uncompressed breast imaging. This study examines challenges and tradeoffs involved in integrating the acquisition procedures of two independent imaging systems into a single imaging protocol. The physical limitation of the rotating CT tube beneath the custom patient bed currently provides only a 294 degree scan with the bed low enough for the breast to be in the cone-beam CT field-of-view. The directly coupled SPECT system is therefore also limited if the scans are to be taken simultaneously or in an interleaved fashion. Thus, geometric phantoms are imaged to characterize image degradations due to reduced projection angles for both modalities. Two different acquisitions were performed: one with the central ray of the CT cone-beam aligned with the system's center of rotation and one offset from the center of rotation by 5cm. Various sized activity-filled lesions in an anthropomorphic breast phantom were imaged, first with uniform aqueous background activity and then with added acrylic pieces to simulate a non-uniform background. Interleaving the SPECT and CT acquisitions into a single scan was also investigated. Iterative reconstruction algorithms are used to reconstruct the data, and the SPECT and CT images are co-registered. Both the cold rod and breast data indicate that removing 75° of SPECT azimuthal data does not significantly reduce image quality. CT images were also minimally affected if the cone-beam is centrally aligned with the center of rotation, but degraded with the laterally offset cone-beam setup. In the course of these experiments, the patient bed was reconfigured with a larger central hole covered with flexible neoprene, gaining the ability to rotate completely around the breast and dramatically improving CT projection views through the chest wall.

关键词： Computed tomography Imaging phantoms Degradation Breast cancer Protocols Lesions Anthropomorphism Interleaved codes Reconstruction algorithms Image reconstruction

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Robotic surgical systems

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biomedical Instrumentation and Technology 2006年第6期40卷 461-464页

作者： Franklin, Barrett University of Connecticut Clinical Engineering Internship Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Engineering United States

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A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) -- relevance to morphology of microcalcifications for isocentric motion in Digital Breast tomosynthesis (DBT)

A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and poi...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Ying Chen Joseph Y. Lo James T. Dobbins Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Southem Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale IL USA Duke Adavanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University Medical Center Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University and Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina 27710 Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University and Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina 27710 Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University and Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina 27710

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three-dimensional imaging technique providing an arbitrary set of reconstruction planes in the breast with limited series of projection images. This paper describes a comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) algorithms by impulse response and modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Due to the partial isocentric motion of the x-ray tube in DBT, structures such as microcalcifications appear slightly blurred in traditional shift-and-add (SAA) images in the direction perpendicular to the direction of tube's motion. Point-by-point BP improved rendition of microcalcifications. The sharpness and morphology of calcifications were improved in a human subject images. A filtered back projection (FBP) deblurring approach was used to demonstrate deblurred point-by-point BP tomosynthesis images. The point-by-point BP rather than traditional SAA should be considered as the foundation of further deblurring algorithms for DBT reconstruction.

关键词： Morphology Image reconstruction X-ray imaging Back Image edge detection Breast cancer Detectors biomedical engineering Transfer functions Humans

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Tumour oxygen dynamics measured simultaneously by near-infrared spectroscopy and 19F magnetic resonance imaging in rats

Tumour oxygen dynamics measured simultaneously by near-infra...

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作者： Xia, Mengna Kodibagkar, Vikram Liu, Hanli Mason, Ralph P. Joint Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Texas at Arlington University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 76019 United States Cancer Imaging Program Department of Radiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 United States

Simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to investigate the correlation between tumour vascular oxygenation and tissue oxygen tension dynamics in rat breast 13762NF tumours with respect to hyperoxic gas breathing. NIRS directly detected global variations in the oxygenated haemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbO 2]) within tumours and oxygen tension (pO2) maps were achieved using 19F MRI of the reporter molecule hexafluorobenzene. Multiple correlations were examined between rates and magnitudes of vascular (Δ[HbO2]) and tissue (pO2) responses. Significant correlations were found between response to oxygen and carbogen breathing using either modality. Comparison of results for the two methods showed a correlation between the vascular perfusion rate ratio and the mean pO2 values (R2 > 0.7). The initial rates of increase of Δ[HbO 2] and the slope of dynamic pO2 response, d(pO 2)/dt, of well-oxygenated voxels in response to hyperoxic challenge were also correlated. These results demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous measurements using NIRS and MRI. As expected, the rate of pO2 response to oxygen is primarily dependent upon the well perfused rather than poorly perfused vasculature. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Tumors

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Formation of protein nano-films for in vitro tissue engineering

Formation of protein nano-films for in vitro tissue engineer...

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55th SPSJ Annual Meeting

作者： Nakahara, Yoshio Matsusaki, Michiya Akashi, Mitsuru Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation 1-5-4 Minatojima-Minamimachi Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Program for 21St Century Osaka University

The development of multilayer ultrathin films containing proteins (bio-nanofilm) is one of the focal subjects in biomaterials science and technology. In particular, a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly via bio-specific interactions for the immobilization of proteins onto a substrate has attracted much attention as driving forces due to their high affinity and specificity. In this study, the various combinations of LbL assemblies among extracellular matrix proteins and glycosaminoglycans including fibronectin (FN), gelatin (G), α-elastin (E), heparine (Hep), and dextrane sulfate (Dex) were analyzed quantitatively by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). And then, their enzymatic degradation behaviors and stabilities in cell culture medium (E-MEM + FBS) were investigated. In addition, it was confirmed that such bio-nanofilms could be formed on a phospholipid bilayer, which is postulated as a model of cell membranes.

关键词： Ultrathin films

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