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Brain-inspired artificial intelligence research: A review

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2282-2296页

作者： WANG GuoYin BAO HuaNan LIU Qun ZHOU TianGang WU Si HUANG TieJun YU ZhaoFei LU CeWu GONG YiHong ZHANG ZhaoXiang HE Sheng Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Computer Science School of ElectronicsInformation and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China The Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Artificial intelligence(AI) systems surpass certain human intelligence abilities in a statistical sense as a whole, but are not yet the true realization of these human intelligence abilities and behaviors. There are differences, and even contradictions, between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. With the goal of achieving general AI, this study contains a review of the role of cognitive science in inspiring the development of the three mainstream academic branches of AI based on the three-layer framework proposed by David Marr, and the limitations of the current development of AI are explored and analyzed. The differences and inconsistencies between the cognition mechanisms of the human brain and the computation mechanisms of AI systems are analyzed. They are found to be the cause of the differences and contradictions between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. Additionally, eight important research directions and their scientific issues that need to focus on braininspired AI research are proposed: highly imitated bionic information processing, a large-scale deep learning model that balances structure and function, multi-granularity joint problem solving bidirectionally driven by data and knowledge, AI models that simulate specific brain structures, a collaborative processing mechanism with the physical separation of perceptual processing and interpretive analysis, embodied intelligence that integrates the brain cognitive mechanism and AI computation mechanisms,intelligence simulation from individual intelligence to group intelligence(social intelligence), and AI-assisted brain cognitive intelligence.

关键词： artificial intelligence cognitive science brain science intelligence science large language model

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Physically Secure and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANET

Physically Secure and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Sche...

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2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence of Things and systems, AIoTSys 2024

作者： Chen, Dongmei Liang, Yangfan Li, Lihui Liu, Yining School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China Jiaxing University Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Perceiving and Intelligent Systems Jiaxing China School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou University of Technology Wenzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507886

The communication between vehicles and other entities occurs over open wireless networks, making them susceptible to various security attacks In Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). Consequently, many researchers have proposed numerous data transmission and key exchange protocols to ensure secure communication within VANET. The keys and sensitive information involved in these protocols need to be stored long-Term in the tamper-resistant devices of vehicles. However, due to the limited resources of these devices, many encryption schemes are difficult to embed. Even if effective encryption schemes can be embedded in VANET, the long-Term storage of data in vehicles still carries a significant risk of being attacked. To tackle this problem, we propose an authentication protocol designed for VANET that emphasizes both physical security and privacy protection. The protocol primarily leverages the properties of Physical Unclonable Functions to achieve enhanced security. This approach eliminates the need for vehicles to store keys and sensitive messages long-Term, reducing the storage burden on vehicles while enhancing the system's security and efficiency. Detailed security analyses demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves the goals of physical security and privacy protection. A comparison with similar approaches demonstrates that our solution outperforms them in both time efficiency and communication overhead. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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SLMP: A Scientific Literature Management Platform Based on Large Language Models 15

SLMP: A Scientific Literature Management Platform Based on L...

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15th IEEE International Conference on Knowledge Graph, ICKG 2024

作者： Guo, Menghao Jiang, Jinling Wu, Fan Sun, Shanxin Zhang, Chen Li, Wenhui Sun, Zeyi Chen, Guangyong Wu, Xindong Research Center for Life Sciences Computing Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China Research Center for Data Hub and Security Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China Research Center for High Efficiency Computing System Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering With Big Data Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508821

This paper presents a Scientific Literature Management Platform (SLMP, demo link1 ) based on large language models (LLMs). The platform consists of four modules: literature management, literature extraction, literature retrieval, and question answering. The core techniques used to support the four modules across the platform include a fine-tuned model PaperExtractGPT and a continual pre-training model ChatPaperGPT based on ChatGLM2 using the data from scientific research literature, responsible for information extraction and communication, respectively. Due to their powerful capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, LLMs can understand complex scientific concepts based on the provided contexts, and thus generate high-quality texts and conduct in-depth information retrieval and question answering. Our platform can help researchers manage and utilize literature more effectively and efficiently for finding relevant literature, obtaining required information, and generating new knowledge. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Question answering

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Quantum security analysis of SM4 algorithm 6

Quantum security analysis of SM4 algorithm

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6th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Smart Grid, ICWCSG 2024

作者： Yang, Hao Wang, Chunhong Tang, Xueming Cui, Yongquan Lu, Songfeng Cai, Dunbo Qian, Ling Zhang, Runqing Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute Wuhan430010 China Software Technology Co. Ltd. Suzhou215153 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510682962

The security of commercial encryption algorithms has always been a focus of attention. The SM4 algorithm, a commercial cryptographic standard, has been recognized by ISO/IEC as an international standard and has shown excellent performance on classical computers. However, with the development of quantum computing, traditional encryption algorithms are facing new challenges. This paper investigates the quantum realization of SM4 algorithm. By applying the Grover algorithm to the SM4 algorithm, we conducted a quantum exhaustive attack and provided an estimation of the required quantum resources. This study offers a novel perspective on the application of quantum computing in breaking commercial encryption algorithms, which holds significant implications for the future development of quantum secure communication and cryptography. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Encryption algorithms

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FedCSA: Boosting the Convergence Speed of Federated Unlearning under data Heterogeneity 21

FedCSA: Boosting the Convergence Speed of Federated Unlearni...

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21st IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, 13th IEEE International Conference on Big data and Cloud Computing, 16th IEEE International Conference on Social Computing and Networking and 13th International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Communications, ISPA/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom 2023

作者： Wang, Zhen Alghazzawi, Daniyal M Cheng, Li Liu, Gaoyang Wang, Chen Cheng, Zeng Yang, Yang Hubei University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence Wuhan China King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329223

The exponential growth of the Internet and the widespread availability of personal data have raised significant concerns regarding personal privacy and societal security. In response, the 'right to be forgotten' has emerged as a fundamental principle, empowering individuals to request the removal of their personal data. Though relieving the privacy concerns at a certain degree by doing so, Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, trained by personal data, still suffers from privacy leakage risks. Therefore, machine unlearning attracts great attention from both industry and academia, aiming at erasing the risks of privacy leakage of AI models. However, existing machine unlearning methods primarily operate within centralized frame-works, limiting their applicability to decentralized Federated Learning (FL) settings where data is decentralized and not directly accessible. Additionally, current federated unlearning methods only approximate data deletion, leaving a potential risk of data leakage. To address these issues, this paper presents FedCSA, The FedCSA approach adopts a divide-and-conquer strategy by clustering and slicing the users' data. Subsequently, submodels are trained on each individual slice, and their aggregation yields the global model. During the unlearning task, only the corresponding sub-model undergoes retraining, significantly reducing training time while ensuring data privacy and achieving precise data deletion. Extensive experiments are conducted on real-world datasets, including MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-10, to evaluate the performance of FedCSA. The results demonstrate that FedCSA outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods, such as retrain and SISA, in terms of efficiency and global model performance. Our code is publicly available at https://***/ZhenWang9/FedCSA. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： data privacy

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Disentangling Client Contributions: Improving Federated Learning Accuracy in the Presence of Heterogeneous data 21

Disentangling Client Contributions: Improving Federated Lear...

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作者： Liu, Chunming Alghazzawi, Daniyal M Cheng, Li Liu, Gaoyang Wang, Chen Zeng, Cheng Yang, Yang Hubei University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence Wuhan China King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329223

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising paradigm that leverages distributed data sources to train machine learning models, thereby offering significant privacy advantages. However, the inherent statistical heterogeneity among clients, characterized by distinct data distributions and varying model performance, poses a substantial challenge. Such heterogeneity adversely affects both the convergence and overall performance of the global model within the FL framework. To address this issue, we introduce a novel FL algorithm, FedVa, which considers both the local data volume and model accuracy to determine client contributions, assigning respective weights. This consideration facilitates greater engagement from key clients during the aggregation process, thereby enhancing their influence on the global model refinement. Experimental results indicate that FedVa surpasses prevailing methods in managing statistical heterogeneity and enhancing global model accuracy, without incurring additional communication costs. Specifically, FedVa achieves a convergence speed 3.9 times faster than FedAvg on the MNIST dataset, and on the CIFAR-10 dataset, it results in a 2.3% increase in final model accuracy compared to FedAvg. Our code is publicly available at https://***/ChunmingLiu23/FedVa. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Learning systems

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A Virtual Network Mapping Method Based on Compound Particle Swarm Optimization 7

A Virtual Network Mapping Method Based on Compound Particle ...

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7th International Conference on Cyber security and Information Engineering, ICCSIE 2022

作者： Huang, Jianhua Tang, Yunlong Wei, Yongjun Wang, Huan Zhang, Haifeng Zhang, Bing School of Computer Science and Technology School of Software Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Processing and Security Guangxi Education System Network Security Monitoring Center Liuzhou China Liuzhou Railway Vocational Technical College Liuzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665455749

Aiming at problems of low credibility of results and low accuracy of the scheme in the mapping process of virtual networks. It is suggested to use a composite particle swarm optimization approach for virtual network mapping. Firstly, to derive the maximum number of virtual cyberspaces, we construct the virtual network model and the physical network model;secondly, resource limitations are used to build the node mapping and link mapping models, and once more, the mapping scheme of the virtual network on the physical network is solved using the composite particle swarm algorithm to improve the acceptance rate of virtual network requests. In simulation experiments, we compare our established algorithm with two algorithms, D-ViNE-SP and VNE-R-PSO, in two dimensions, and the results show that our proposed VNE-MM-PSO mapping method improves the acceptance rate of network requests by 8% and also improves on the benefit-cost ratio. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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CoGAP: A Personalized Federated Learning Method Using Collaborative Optimization for Medical Image Classification

CoGAP: A Personalized Federated Learning Method Using Collab...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zheng, Shenhai Li, Congyu Wen, Sian Gao, Xi Yu, Lei College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Ministry of Education Chongqing China Emergency Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Federated learning (FL) has been widely used in medical image processing to protect data privacy, but it has issues with data heterogeneity. Personalized federated learning have emerged to tackle these issues but often focuses too much on personalized models at the expense of global models. To address these problem, we propose a personalized federated learning method CoGAP, using collaborative optimization to enhance both personalized and global model performance. On the client side, it employs adaptive weight aggregation to initialize personalized models and uses a training strategy based on L2 regularization. On the server side, it implements a gradient accumulation-based aggregation method. These modules facilitate a collaborative optimization process where the global model guides the personalized models, and the personalized models provide positive feedback to the global model, ultimately leading to mutual improvement for both. We conducted extensive comparative experiments on the OCT2017 dataset, as well as the BloodMnist and PathMnist (subsets from MedMnist), to evaluate both global and personalized models. Results show that CoGAP own a unique strength which not only outperforms other personalized federated learning methods in personalization capability while also remarkably achieving satisfying global generalization. Code is available at https://***/lcyCQUPT/CoGAP. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： collaborative optimization federated learning medical image classification

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GoPIM: GCN-Oriented Pipeline Optimization for PIM Accelerators

GoPIM: GCN-Oriented Pipeline Optimization for PIM Accelerato...

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IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture

作者： Siling Yang Shuibing He Wenjiong Wang Yanlong Yin Tong Wu Weijian Chen Xuechen Zhang Xian-He Sun Dan Feng The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Washington State University Vancouver Illinois Institute of Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics

ISBN: (数字)9798331506476

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506483

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are popular for a variety of graph learning tasks. ReRAM-based processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerators are promising to expedite GCN training owing to their in-situ computing capability. However, existing accelerators can be severely underutilized even with pipelines, due to the oversight of the skewed execution times of various GCN stages and the ignorance of skewed degrees of graph vertices. In this work, we propose GOPIM, a GCN-oriented pipeline optimization for PIM accelerators to expedite GCN training. First, GOPIM proposes an ML-based scheme that allocates crossbar resources to the most needed stages to streamline the overall pipeline. Second, GOPIM utilizes a selective vertex updating technique that evenly distributes vertices on crossbars by interleaved mapping. These techniques collectively reduce the overall execution time without losing much accuracy. We also provide a practical architecture design for GOPIM. Our experimental results show that, GoPIM achieves up to 191 × speedup and 16.1 × energy saving, compared to the state-of-the-art work.

关键词： Training Accuracy Graph convolutional networks Pipelines Energy conservation Computer architecture Machine learning Parallel processing Optimization

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A New Approach to the Position of Acupoints on the Back of Humans

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Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 150-162页

作者： Xie, Shenglong Liu, Zijing Zhang, Liangan Song, Fengfeng Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Quality Big Data Tracking and Analysis of Zhejiang Province China Jiliang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310018 China Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Applications and Security of Industrial Internet Anhui University of Technology Anhui Ma’anshan243032 China Hangzhou Qiandaohu Ruichun Robot Research Institute Co. Ltd Zhejiang Hangzhou310018 China Zhejiang Shusi Robot Co. Ltd Zhejiang Huzhou313000 China

Aim: In order to realize the position of acupoints on the back of humans, a new acupoints positioning approach combined with machine vision technology is proposed in this paper. Background: The acupuncture point (acupoint) is an important reference in the treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, the traditional acupoints positioning method mainly depends on manpower, which has the disadvantages of low efficiency and relying on practical experience heavily. Objective: In order to realize the position of acupoints on the back of humans, a new acupoints positioning approach combined with machine vision technology is proposed in this paper. Methods: Firstly, the distribution of acupoints on the back of humans are determined according to the meridian theory, and the coordinate of each acupoint are established based on the approach of fingercun measurement, after review of previous literature and patents. Secondly, the principle of the proposed acupoints positioning method is introduced based on the skeleton model of humans. Finally, the effec-tiveness of the proposed approach is validated by experimental testing. Results: The value of emax is around 3.5mm and those of emae and erms are smaller than 0.25mm and 0.45mm, respectively. Conclusion: The experimental results prove that the proposed approach possesses the capability of good adaptive capability and high. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Computer vision

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