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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Feiran Xu, Qianqian Bao, Shilong Yang, Zhiyong Cong, Runmin Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Information Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan China Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and System Control Ministry of Education Jinan China School of Cyber Science and Tech. Sun Yat-Sen University Shenzhen Campus China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This paper explores the size-invariance of evaluation metrics in Salient Object Detection (SOD), especially when multiple targets of diverse sizes co-exist in the same image. We observe that current metrics are size-sensitive, where larger objects are focused, and smaller ones tend to be ignored. We argue that the evaluation should be size-invariant because bias based on size is unjustified without additional semantic information. In pursuit of this, we propose a generic approach that evaluates each salient object separately and then combines the results, effectively alleviating the imbalance. We further develop an optimization framework tailored to this goal, achieving considerable improvements in detecting objects of different sizes. Theoretically, we provide evidence supporting the validity of our new metrics and present the generalization analysis of SOD. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The code is available at https://***/Ferry-Li/SI-SOD. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

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Prototype Implementation and Experimental Evaluation for LoRa-Backscatter Communication systems with RF Energy Harvesting and Low Power Management

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2024年

作者： Tang, Xiaoqing Liu, Xin Xie, Guihui Cui, Yongqiang Li, Dong Hubei University School of Artificial Intelligence Wuhan China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security Hubei University Wuhan China Wuhan Qingchuan University Institute of Electronic Information Wuhan China School of Automation Wuhan China South-Central Minzu University College of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuhan China Macau University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Avenida Wai Long Taipa Macau China

Battery free Internet of Things (BF IoT), which is realized by harvesting ambient energy to power the IoT devices, has many advantages such as low power, low cost, free-maintenance, easy deployment, and environmental protection. As the two key enabling technologies of BF IoT, the integration of energy harvesting, management and backscatter communication (BackCom) is expected to meet practical applications. However, several fundamental issues need to be addressed to fully develop the potential of such integration. In this paper, we propose an ultra-low power energy harvesting and management scheme that effectively reduces the startup and quiescent power consumption. In the case of extremely limited energy harvested, the Long Range (LoRa) BackCom digital waveform generation algorithm with ultra-low power consumption and low complexity is studied, which can support low-power and low-cost micro-controllers (MCUs). Then, a radio frequency (RF) front-end scheme that is compatible with RF energy harvesting (RFEH), BackCom, and On-Off-keying (OOK) receiving is proposed. On this basis, we design and implement a fully functional BF LoRa Tag, which integrates tag antennas, LoRa BackCom, low-power OOK receiving, multi-parameter real-time sensing, RFEH and management, at a cost of only $6. Our test results show that the BF LoRa Tag can be self-powered by harvesting the RF energy as low as -19 dBm, with the cold-start power as low as 280 nW, the quiescent power as low as 49 nW, the OOK receiving power consumption as low as 1.74 μW, the LoRa BackCom power consumption of only 251 μW, and the communication distance up to 445 meters. Compared with the prototypes in existing literature, the BF LoRa Tag not only has lower power consumption, wider coverage, and the lowest cost, but also has complete system functions. Finally, we discuss the reciprocity between stations and receivers, as well as the BF LoRa cellular communication network, which provides useful references for the practica

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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Long and Short-Term Constraints Driven Safe Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Xuemin Chen, Pan Wen, Yijun Tang, Bo Chen, Long School of Artificial Intelligence Hubei University Wuhan430062 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security Hubei University Ministry of Education Hubei Wuhan430062 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA01609 United States State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China WAYTOUS Inc. Beijing100083 China Shenzhen518107 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used in decision-making and control tasks, but the risk is very high for the agent in the training process due to the requirements of interaction with the environment, which seriously limits its industrial applications such as autonomous driving systems. Safe RL methods are developed to handle this issue by constraining the expected safety violation costs as a training objective, but the occurring probability of an unsafe state is still high, which is unacceptable in autonomous driving tasks. Moreover, these methods are difficult to achieve a balance between the cost and return expectations, which leads to learning performance degradation for the algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm based on the long and short-term constraints (LSTC) for safe RL. The short-term constraint aims to enhance the shortterm state safety that the vehicle explores, while the long-term constraint enhances the overall safety of the vehicle throughout the decision-making process, both of which are jointly used to enhance the vehicle safety in the training process. In addition, we develop a safe RL method with dual-constraint optimization based on the Lagrange multiplier to optimize the training process for end-to-end autonomous driving. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the MetaDrive simulator. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher safety in continuous state and action tasks, and exhibits higher exploration performance in long-distance decision-making tasks compared with state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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A Recommendation system Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Enclosed Spaces

A Recommendation System Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm ...

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International Symposium on Autonomous systems (ISAS)

作者： Meng Guo Songhang Chen Yaozong Wang Fujian Normal University College of Computer and Cyber Security Fuzhou China Department of Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Quanzhou China Department of Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Identification and Control of Complex Dynamic System Quanzhou China

Most of the management systems used in common enclosed spaces only have basic functions such as booking and payment, and do not have epidemic prevention and traceability functions. In the COVID-19 pandemic, enclosed scenes, without an epidemic prevention system, clearly increase the risk of cross-contamination of the population, making it a black box that will amplify the severity of the outbreak. In this paper, we develop an intelligent recommendation system designed to coordinate the operation of enclosed spaces and decentralize the new customers to a low-infection risk box. An adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to achieve optimal allocation of personnel and boxes, which can avoid contact between customers during low peak hours and minimize cross-contact during peak hours. On the one hand, it guarantees the user experience, and on the other hand, it guarantees these enclosed spaces have a high decentralization of crowd density when an epidemic occurs. This greatly reduces the risk of exposure to infection and is of great significance in preventing the spread of the epidemic.

关键词：

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TomoSAR-ALISTA: Efficient TomoSAR Imaging via Deep Unfolded Network

TomoSAR-ALISTA: Efficient TomoSAR Imaging via Deep Unfolded ...

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2022 International Conference on Radar systems, RADAR 2022

作者： Wang, Muhan Zhang, Zhe Wang, Yue Gao, Silin Qiu, Xiaolan Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Aerospace Big Data Application Technology Suzhou215123 China Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute Suzhou215123 China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department George Mason University FairfaxVA22030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781839537776

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR) has attracted remarkable interest for its ability in achieving three-dimensional reconstruction along the elevation direction from multiple observations. In recent years, compressed sensing (CS) technique has been introduced into TomoSAR considering for its super-resolution ability with limited samples. Whereas, the CS-based methods suffer from several drawbacks, including weak noise resistance, high computational complexity and complex parameter fine-tuning. Among the different CS algorithms, iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) is widely used as a robust reconstruction approach, however, the parameters in the ISTA are manually chosen, which usually requires a time-consuming fine-tuning process to achieve the best performance. Aiming at efficient TomoSAR imaging, a novel sparse unfolding network named analytic learned ISTA (ALISTA) is proposed towards the TomoSAR imaging problem in this paper, and the key parameters of ISTA are learned from training data via deep learning to avoid complex parameter fine-tuning and significantly relieves the training burden. In addition, experiments verify that it is feasible to use traditional CS algorithms as training labels, which provides a tangible supervised training method to achieve better 3D reconstruction performance even in the absence of labeled data in real applications. © 2022 IET Conference Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressed sensing

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UJN-Traffic: A Benchmark dataset for Performance Evaluation of Traffic Element Classification 7th

UJN-Traffic: A Benchmark Dataset for Performance Evaluation ...

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7th International Conference on Life system Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2021, and the 7th International Conference on intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, ICSEE 2021

作者： Li, Yan Han, Shi-Yuan Shen, Yuan Liu, Zhen Dong, Ji-Wen Xu, Tao University of Jinan Jinan250022 China China High-Resolution Earth Observation System Shandong Center of Data and Application University of Jinan Jinan250022 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan250022 China Land Spatial Data and Remote Sensing Technology Institute of Shandong Province Jinan250002 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811672125

The detection of traffic element in remote sensing imagesplays an important role in the construction of traffic infrastructure, and can provide dynamic monitoring and quality evaluation for traffic construction projects. The convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method has achieved good performance in object detection in computer vision, which benefits from the popularity of large-scale datasets. However, the existing dataset can only be used for object detection, and the sample size and diversity need to be improved. These problems have brought challenges to the improvement and application of existing traffic element detection methods. This paper proposes a large-scale highresolution traffic element dataset based on multi-method detection analysis, and validates it based on the CNN-based object detection method. We screened more than 100 satellite images from high-resolution satellite images with a spatial resolution of 0.8 m. Manually labeled 5 categories and 100,000 traffic element samples. In the experiment, three CNN-based detection methods were used as the experimental baseline method. The experimental results proved effectiveness of the UJN-traffic traffic element dataset and provided a useful reference for traffic construction engineering and management. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Identifying outliers in astronomical images with unsupervised machine learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Han, Yang Zou, Zhiqiang Li, Nan Chen, Yanli School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Jiangsu Nanjing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing Jiangsu Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Astronomical outliers, such as unusual, rare or unknown types of astronomical objects or phenomena, constantly lead to the discovery of genuinely unforeseen knowledge in astronomy. More unpredictable outliers will be uncovered in principle with the increment of the coverage and quality of upcoming survey data. However, it is a severe challenge to mine rare and unexpected targets from enormous data with human inspection due to a significant workload. Supervised learning is also unsuitable for this purpose since designing proper training sets for unanticipated signals is unworkable. Motivated by these challenges, we adopt unsupervised machine learning approaches to identify outliers in the data of galaxy images to explore the paths for detecting astronomical outliers. For comparison, we construct three methods, which are built upon the k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE) + KNN, and CAE + KNN + Attention Mechanism (attCAE KNN) separately. Testing sets are created based on the Galaxy Zoo image data published online to evaluate the performance of the above methods. Results show that attCAE KNN achieves the best recall (78%), which is 53% higher than the classical KNN method and 22% higher than CAE+KNN. The efficiency of attCAE KNN (10 minutes) is also superior to KNN (4 hours) and equal to CAE+KNN (10 minutes) for accomplishing the same task. Thus, we believe it is feasible to detect astronomical outliers in the data of galaxy images in an unsupervised manner. Next, we will apply attCAE KNN to available survey datasets to assess its applicability and reliability. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： k-nearest neighbors

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Distributed Image Retrieval Base on LSH Indexing on Spark 1st

Distributed Image Retrieval Base on LSH Indexing on Spark

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1st International Conference on Big data and security, ICBDS 2019

作者： Hou, Zelei Huang, Chao Wu, Jiagao Liu, Linfeng School of Computer Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications NanjingJiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing NanjingJiangsu210023 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811575297

With the advent of the era of big data, how to process massive image, video and other multimedia data timely and accurately has become a new challenge in related fields. Aiming at the computational bottleneck and inefficiency of traditional image content retrieval system, in this paper, a distributed image retrieval framework base on Location Sensitive Hash (LSH) indexing is proposed on Spark, which combines with the distributed storage and computing characteristics of Spark big data platform. Then, distributed K-means based Bag of Visual Word (BoVW) algorithm and LSH algorithm are proposed to build LSH index vectors on Spark in parallel. The experiment shows that the retrieval time of our framework can be reduced significantly, and both retrieval recall and precision are high compared with the traditional retrieval method. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Indexing (of information)

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Multi-Modal Cross-Domain Alignment Network for Video Moment Retrieval

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fang, Xiang Liu, Daizong Zhou, Pan Hu, Yuchong Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology Peking University No. 128 Zhongguancun North Street Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Information Storage System Ministry of Education of China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

As an increasingly popular task in multimedia information retrieval, video moment retrieval (VMR) aims to localize the target moment from an untrimmed video according to a given language query. Most previous methods depend heavily on numerous manual annotations (i.e., moment boundaries), which are extremely expensive to acquire in practice. In addition, due to the domain gap between different datasets, directly applying these pre-trained models to an unseen domain leads to a significant performance drop. In this paper, we focus on a novel task: cross-domain VMR, where fully-annotated datasets are available in one domain ("source domain"), but the domain of interest ("target domain") only contains unannotated datasets. As far as we know, we present the first study on cross-domain VMR. To address this new task, we propose a novel Multi-Modal Cross-Domain Alignment (MMCDA) network to transfer the annotation knowledge from the source domain to the target domain. However, due to the domain discrepancy between the source and target domains and the semantic gap between videos and queries, directly applying trained models to the target domain generally leads to a performance drop. To solve this problem, we develop three novel modules: (i) a domain alignment module is designed to align the feature distributions between different domains of each modality;(ii) a cross-modal alignment module aims to map both video and query features into a joint embedding space and to align the feature distributions between different modalities in the target domain;(iii) a specific alignment module tries to obtain the fine-grained similarity between a specific frame and the given query for optimal localization. By jointly training these three modules, our MMCDA can learn domain-invariant and semantic-aligned cross-modal representations. Extensive experiments on three challenging benchmarks (ActivityNet Captions, Charades-STA and TACoS) illustrate that our cross-domain method MMCDA outperforms a

关键词： Alignment

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EC²Detect: Real-Time Online Video Object Detection in Edge-Cloud Collaborative IoT

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2022年第20期9卷 20382-20392页

作者： Siyan Guo Cong Zhao Guiqin Wang Jiaqing Yang Shusen Yang National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics and the School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Department of Computing Imperial College London London U.K. National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics and the School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Industrial Artificial Intelligence Center Pazhou Laboratory Guangzhou China

Video object detection is a fundamental technology of intelligent video analytics for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, even with extraordinary detection accuracy, predominating solutions based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) cannot achieve real-time online object detection on video streams with a low end-to-end (E2E) response latency and therefore cannot be applied to proliferating latency-sensitive IoT applications like autonomous driving requiring large-scale intelligent video analytics. To address this issue, we present EC2Detect, an edge-cloud collaborative real-time online video object detection method. Specifically, we propose a tracking-assisted object detection architecture based on edge-cloud collaboration with keyframe selection, where the accurate but heavy object detection is conducted by the Cloud on sparse keyframes adaptively selected according to their semantic variation, and the lightweight object tracking is used to localize and identify objects in other frames at edge devices. Extensive experiments of our real-world prototype demonstrate that, EC2Detect significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of processing speed (up to $4.77\times $ faster), E2E latency (up to $8.12 \times $ lower), and edge-cloud bandwidth occupation ( $17 \times $ lower) with an acceptable mAP, which can effectively support large-scale intelligent video analytics in practice. Source code of EC2Detect is available at https://***/ECCDetect/ECCDetect .

关键词： Object detection Image edge detection Streaming media Internet of Things Collaboration Visual analytics Feature extraction

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