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Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium

作者： Jianghong Wei Guohua Tian Ding Wang Fuchun Guo Willy Susilo Xiaofeng Chen State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN) Xidian University and State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN) Xidian University College of Cyber Science Nankai University School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133441

Multi-signature schemes have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their popular applications in PoS blockchains. However, the use of general multi-signature schemes poses a critical threat to the security of PoS blockchains once signing keys get corrupted. That is, after an adversary obtains enough signing keys, it can break the immutable nature of PoS blockchains by forking the chain and modifying the history from some point in the past. Forward-secure multi-signature (FS-MS) schemes can overcome this issue by periodically updating signing keys. The only FS-MS construction currently available is Drijvers et al's Pixel, which builds on pairing groups and only achieves forward security at the time period *** this work, we present new FS-MS constructions that either are free from pairing or capture forward security at the individual message level (i.e., fine-grained forward security). Our first construction Pixel+ works for a maximum number of time periods T. Pixel+ signatures consist of only one group element, and can be verified using two exponentiations. It is the first FS-MS from RSA assumption, and has 3.5x and 22.8x faster signing and verification than Pixel, respectively. Our second FS-MS construction Pixel++ is a pairing-based one. It immediately revokes the signing key's capacity of re-signing the message after creating a signature on this message, rather than at the end of the current time period. Thus, it provides more practical forward security than Pixel. On the other hand, Pixel++ is almost as efficient as Pixel in terms of signing and verification. Both Pixel+ and Pixel++ allow for non-interactive aggregation of signatures from independent signers and are proven to be secure in the random oracle model. In addition, they also support the aggregation of public keys, significantly reducing the storage overhead on PoS *** demonstrate how to integrate Pixel+ and Pixel++ into PoS blockchains. As a proof-of-concept, we provid

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Pressure-induced nano-crystallization and high hardness of optically transparentα-Si_(3)N_(4) ceramics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第5期68卷 183-191页

作者： Shuailing Ma Wei Li Xiaoqi Zhang Kathy Lu Min Lian Xinmiao Wei Yilong Pan Hai Jiang Hongwei Wang Zihan Zhang Qiang Tao Tian Cui Ralf Riedel Pinwen Zhu Institute of High-Pressure Physics School of Physical Scientific and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham AL 35294USA Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadt 64287Germany

Transparent silicon nitride ceramics with good optical and mechanical properties are promising ceramics for scientific and industrial window materials with a long service *** optical transparency and mechanical strength will be substantially enhanced in dense nano-polycrystalline ***,the synthesis of nano-polycrystallineα-Si_(3)N_(4) has not been realized due to the limitations of conventional sintering ***,nano-polycrystallineα-Si_(3)N_(4) was prepared by direct conversion of micron-grain silicon nitride without additives under high-pressure conditions of 5 GPa and a limited temperature range 1650℃-1700℃.The micron-sized grains undergo grain refinement and recrystallization to form uniform nano-grains under high pressure and high ***,transparentα-Si_(3)N_(4) samples exhibit the highest Vickers hardness of 26.7 GPa,which is far higher than that of specimens with or without additives used in other sintering methods(e.g.,SPS,and HP).According to the Hall-Petch and Taylor dislocation hardening effects,the refined nano-grains,coherent grain boundaries,and high dislocation density lead to high ***,the high density,nanoscale grains,and fine grain boundaries are ascribed to the improvement of ***-pressure sintering induces grain refinement,grain coherency,and increased dislocation in silicon nitrides,thus providing a promising method for preparing advanced transparent ceramic windows in the future.

关键词： silicon nitride high pressure and high temperature transparent ceramics hardness

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Compact Arrayed Waveguide Gratings Fabricated on 800-nm-thick Si3N4 Photonic Integration Platform

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第11期43卷 5366-5373页

作者： Fan, Zhuping Yan, Xiongshuo Li, Xuan Ma, Xiao Wang, Xuyang Zou, Jun Zhejiang University ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou311215 China Zhejiang University of Technology School of Physics Hangzhou310023 China Zhejiang University of Science and Technology School of Information & Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Shanxi University State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Taiyuan030006 China

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide with thickness of > 600 nm having strong mode confinement and anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD) has today become the leading photonic integration platform for linear and Kerr nonlinear photonics. However, due to the significant stress issue encountered in the deposition of thick Si3N4 film, there is a stringent requirement on the Si3N4 region with no etching. Hence it is very challenging to fabricate an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) which has large potential applications for high-density integrated optical interconnect systems and on-chip filters (e.g., separate optical frequency comb signals), on the thick Si3N4 platform because of its large free propagation region (FPR). Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate an 8 × 8 100 GHz spacing AWG router and a 6 × 6 200 GHz spacing AWG multi/demultiplexer on the 800-nm-thick Si3N4 platform using a standard multi-project wafer (MPW) foundry process, by optimizing structural parameters. Both AWGs exhibit good performance with on-chip loss of ∼ 1.2 dB and small channel wavelength deviation of © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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Robust Watermarking Based on Multi-layer Watermark Feature Fusion

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Wu, Shaowu Lu, Wei Luo, Xiangyang Sun Yat-Sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Information Technology Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Henan450002 China

The purpose of robust image watermarking is to embed a watermark into a carrier image in an invisible form and extract the watermark successfully even under noise interference conditions to achieve copyright confirmation and traceability. Although watermarking methods based on deep learning can improve the robustness by adding a noise simulation layer, few theoretical analyses of the codec structure have been conducted. Theoretical explainability is the theoretical basis for developing a network architecture, which plays a guiding role in network development. On the basis of the interpretability of convolutional networks, this paper analyzes the mathematical process of embedding and extracting watermarks in codecs and proposes a novel watermarking framework based on multi-layer watermark feature fusion. Specifically, the encoder can be a convolutional network structure of arbitrary depth, whereas the decoder needs only to adopt its corresponding deconvolution structure. To improve the quality and robustness of the generated watermarked image, the watermark is associated with an arbitrary layer feature space in the decoder. In the decoder, the network quickly converges to each original encoding feature space through the deconvolution structure, thus decoupling the watermark features. Finally, the watermark is extracted via the automatic fusion of multi-layer watermark features. The experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for few-shot learning, and its invisibility, robustness and generalization performance on multiple datasets are significantly better than those of other advanced methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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Unraveling key factors that influence and shape fluid flow dynamics in Brazilian salt Lagoon stromatolites: A case study in pre-salt analogues

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Petroleum Science 2025年第03期 1080-1097页

作者： Herson Oliveira da Rocha Roseane Marchezi Missagia Marco Antonio Rodrigues de Ceia André Oliveira Martins Rafaella Rocha Baggieri Irineu de Azevedo Lima Neto Victor Hugo Santos Lucas Cesar Oliveira Petroleum Exploration and Engineering Laboratory (LENEP) North Fluminense State University (UENF) Polytechnic Institute (IPLOI) Campus Maca e Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Scientific Computing Supporting Foundation (FACC) National Institute of Petroleum Geophysics Science and Technology (INCT-Petroleum Geophysics)

This study analyzes Brazilian stromatolites in Lagoa Salgada, serving as analogs for pre-salt rocks in the Santos and Campos basins. Despite their excellent petrophysical properties, such as high porosity and permeability, these reservoirs present challenges in fluid flow modeling and simulation. The research investigates various factors influencing the development of carbonate reservoirs, including diagenetic processes employing several techniques, such as microcomputed tomography(micro-CT) and digital rock physics(DRP), to study petrophysical and geological characteristics. Additionally, through numerical simulations, the properties of fluid flow in different microfacies of stromatolites are estimated, with particular emphasis on understanding and highlighting changes in the direction of fluid flow in the three characterized microfacies. These findings offer crucial insights into optimizing oil and gas exploration and production techniques in carbonate reservoirs, providing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of fluid transport in porous media, especially in terms of directional changes within stromatolites.

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Phase imaging through a single multimode fiber 11

Phase imaging through a single multimode fiber

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Quantitative Phase Imaging XI 2025

作者： Wen, Zhong Yang, Qing Liu, Xu State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou311215 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684065

Phase imaging techniques are pivotal for achieving high-contrast visualization of unstained biological specimens in vitro which is typically not applicable in narrow spaces. Recently, multimode fiber has shown promise in enabling high-resolution in vivo endoscopy in biological research. Herein, we introduce a novel phase imaging microscopy technique employing a single multimode fiber through frequency domain modulation. Our method demonstrated exceptional capability in high-contrast imaging of diverse samples, including microspheres, semiconductor chips, and oral epithelial cells. Our technique excels in contrast enhancement and defocused background suppression, presenting a promising avenue for minimally invasive, high-contrast, label-free in vivo phase imaging. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Multimode fibers

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Polarization-encoded neural networks with simplified grating patch

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 269-277页

作者： Chengyan ZHONG Xiang WANG Lingfei LI Yuanchi CUI Lei XIAO Dawei SONG Junxiong GUO Wen HUANG Yufeng GUO Yu LIU College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology Nanjing 210023China College of Integrated Circuits Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Nanjing Mumusili Technology Co. LTDNanjing 211100China School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Advanced Study School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

Optical neural networks(ONNs)offer a promising solution for high-performance,energy-efficient artificial intelligence hardware by leveraging the parallelism and speed of ***,the large-scale implementation of ONNs remains challenging due to the bulky footprint and complex control of optical *** this work,we propose and simulate a plasmonic polarized synaptic architecture that overcomes the diffraction limit and enables ultra-compact *** tuning the polarization state of incident light,the optical transmittance through each plasmonic unit can be dynamically adjusted to represent a synaptic *** plasmonic structures,with features as small as 40 nm,operate well below this limit in the visible spectrum(400-750 nm).Compared with diffraction and interference-based circuit designs,our proposed method achieves a substantial reduction in synaptic density by factors of 150000-fold and 1500-fold,***,we successfully demonstrate a proof-of-concept plasmonic ONN applied to the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research—10 classes(CIFAR-10)dataset using a Visual Geometry Group network with 16 layers(VGG16)*** training for 80 epochs,the network achieves an accuracy of 93%.The polarization-tunable plasmonics paves the way towards scalable ONNs for next-generation artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators and smart sensors.

关键词： optical neural networks polarization dependent nanophotonic ultra-compact devices diffraction limit

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Cascaded adaptive aberration-eliminating multimode fiber imaging

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Advanced Photonics 2025年第02期 135-143页

作者： Zhong Wen Qilin Deng Quanzhi Li Yizhou Tan Jingshan Zhong Chiming Zhang Jiahe Zhang Clemens F.Kaminski Ying Gu Xu Liu Qing Yang Zhejiang University College of Optical Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation Zhejiang University International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Chinese PLA General Hospital The First Medical Center Department of Laser Medicine Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan HospitalLaser Medicine Center Zhejiang Laboratory Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing Computing University of Cambridge Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology

In vivo microscopic imaging inside a biological lumen such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory airways, or within blood vessels has faced significant technological challenges for decades. A promising candidate technology is the multimode fiber(MMF) endoscope, which enables minimally invasive diagnostics at a resolution reaching the cellular level. However, for in vivo imaging applications deep inside a biological lumen, sample-induced aberrations and the dynamic dispersion in the MMF make the MMF endoscope a chaotic system with many unknowns, where multiple minor fluctuations can couple and compound into intractable problems. We introduce a dynamically encoding, cascaded, optical, and ultrathin polychromatic light-field endoscopy(DECOUPLE) to tackle this challenge. DECOUPLE includes an adaptive aberration correction that can accurately track and control MMF behavior in the spatial-frequency domain to compensate for chaos introduced during complex dynamic imaging processes. We demonstrate the flexibility and practicality of DECOUPLE for noninvasive volumetric imaging in two colors for light passing through various highly aberrating samples including 120-μm-thick onion epidermal slices and 80-μm-thick layers of fat emulsions. To summarize, we represent a significant step toward practical in vivo imaging deep within biological tissue.

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Task-Driven Priority-Aware Computation Offloading Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Hao, Hao Xu, Changqiao Zhang, Wei Yang, Shujie Muntean, Gabriel-Miro Jinan China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Jinan China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing China Dublin City University Performance Engineering Laboratory School of Electronic Engineering Dublin Ireland

Computation offloading is an effective method for reducing the pressure put on networks and improving the service experience. However, most existing research on computation offloading is timeslot-driven and treats all tasks equally, resulting in decision waiting delays and failure to complete some important tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel priority-aware task-driven computation offloading model with system performance gain as the optimization objective based on a combination of task delay and energy consumption aspects. The new model is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). Considering the discrete-continuous hybrid action space of the optimization problem, we construct a dependence-aware latent space and propose a novel algorithm based on the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3). Additionally, we present the neural network structure and analyze the complexity of the algorithm. Extensive simulations show how our algorithm achieves superior performance compared to three state-of-the-art alternative approaches. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization

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Statically-Directed Dynamic Taint Analysis

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期23卷 18-24页

作者： Kai Chen Yingjun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Taint analysis is a popular method in software analysis field including vulnerability/malware analysis. By identifying taint source and making suitable taint propagation rules, we could directly know whether variables in software have any relationship with input data. Static taint analysis method is efficient, but it is imprecise since runtime information is lacked. Dynamic taint analysis method usually instruments every instruction in software to catch the taint propagation process. However, this is inefficient since it usually takes lots of time for context switches between original code and instrumenting code. In this paper, we propose a statically-directed dynamic taint analysis method to increase the efficiency of taint analysis process without any loss of accuracy. In this way, there is no need to instrument every instruction. Several experiments are made on our prototype SDTaint and the results show that our method is several times more efficient than traditional dynamic taint analysis method.

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