This book aims at gathering roboticists, control theorists, neuroscientists, and mathematicians, in order to promote a multidisciplinary research on movement analysis. It follows the workshop Geometric and Numerical F...
ISBN:
(数字)9783319515472
ISBN:
(纸本)9783319515465
This book aims at gathering roboticists, control theorists, neuroscientists, and mathematicians, in order to promote a multidisciplinary research on movement analysis. It follows the workshop Geometric and Numerical Foundations of Movements held at LAAS-CNRS in Toulouse in November 2015[1]. Its objective is to lay the foundations for a mutual understanding that is essential for synergetic development in motion research. In particular, the book promotes applications to robotics --and control in general-- of new optimization techniques based on recent results from real algebraic geometry.
Many environments where robots are expected to operate are cluttered with objects, walls, debris, and different horizontal and vertical structures. In this chapter, we present four design features that allow small rob...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
Many environments where robots are expected to operate are cluttered with objects, walls, debris, and different horizontal and vertical structures. In this chapter, we present four design features that allow small robots to rapidly and safely move in 3 dimensions through cluttered environments: a perceptual system capable of detecting obstacles in the robot's surroundings, including the ground, with minimal computation, mass, and energy requirements;a flexible and protective framework capable of withstanding collisions and even using collisions to learn about the properties of the surroundings when light is not available;a mechanism for temporarily perching to vertical structures in order to monitor the environment or communicate with other robots before taking off again;and a self-deployment mechanism for getting in the air and perform repetitive jumps or glided flight. We conclude the chapter by suggesting future avenues for integration of multiple features within the same robotic platform.
Grasping and fixturing are concerned with immobilizing objects. Most prior work in this area strives to minimize the number of contacts needed. However, for delicate objects or surfaces such as glass or bone (in medic...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
Grasping and fixturing are concerned with immobilizing objects. Most prior work in this area strives to minimize the number of contacts needed. However, for delicate objects or surfaces such as glass or bone (in medical applications), extra contacts can be used to reduce the forces needed at each contact to resist applied wrenches. We focus on the following class of problems. Given a polyhedral object model, set of candidate contacts, and a limit on the sum of applied forces at the contacts or a limit on any individual applied force, compute a set of k contact points that maximize the radius of the ball in wrench space that can be resisted. We present an algorithm, SatGrasp, that is guaranteed to find near-optimal solutions in linear time. At the core of our approach are (i) an alternate formulation of the residual radius objective, and (ii) the insight that the resulting problem is a submodular coverage problem. This allows us to exploit the submodular saturation algorithm, which has recently been derived for applications in sensor placement. Our approach is applicable in situations with or without friction.
Robot motions typically originate from an uninformed path sampling process such as random or low-dispersion sampling. We demonstrate an alternative approach to path sampling that closes the loop on the expensive colli...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
Robot motions typically originate from an uninformed path sampling process such as random or low-dispersion sampling. We demonstrate an alternative approach to path sampling that closes the loop on the expensive collision-testing process. Although all necessary information for collision-testing a path is known to the planner, that information is typically stored in a relatively unavailable form in a costmap. By summarizing the most salient data in a more accessible form, our process delivers a denser sampling of the free space per unit time than open-loop sampling techniques. We obtain this result by probabilistically modeling-in real time and with minimal information-the locations of obstacles, based on collision test results. We demonstrate up to a 780 % increase in paths surviving collision test.
This paper is about a layered controller for a complex humanoid robot: namely, the iCub. We exploited a combination of precomputed models and machine learning owing to the principle of balancing the design effort with...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
This paper is about a layered controller for a complex humanoid robot: namely, the iCub. We exploited a combination of precomputed models and machine learning owing to the principle of balancing the design effort with the complexity of data collection for learning. A first layer uses the iCub sensors to implement impedance control, on top of which we plan trajectories to reach for visually identified targets while avoiding the most obvious joint limits or self collision of the robot arm and body. Modeling errors or misestimation of parameters are compensated by machine learning in order to obtain accurate pointing and reaching movements. Motion segmentation is the main visual cue employed by the robot.
There have been several recent approaches to planning and control in uncertain domains, based on online planning in a determinized approximation of the belief-space dynamics, and replanning when the actual belief stat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
There have been several recent approaches to planning and control in uncertain domains, based on online planning in a determinized approximation of the belief-space dynamics, and replanning when the actual belief state diverges from the predicted one. In this work, we extend this approach to planning for mobile manipulation tasks with very long horizons, using a hierarchical combination of logical and geometric representations. We present a novel approach to belief-space preimage backchaining with logical representations, an efficient method for on-line execution monitoring and replanning, and preliminary results on mobile manipulation tasks.
In real applications, it is always important to consider the generation of safe paths for robots during deployment or in future excursions through the environment. In order to include safety in the problem of deployin...
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ISBN:
(数字)9784431558798
ISBN:
(纸本)9784431558798;9784431558774
In real applications, it is always important to consider the generation of safe paths for robots during deployment or in future excursions through the environment. In order to include safety in the problem of deploying mobile robotic networks, we propose a new strategy based on the locational optimization framework. Our approach models the optimal deployment problem as a constrained optimization problem with inequality and equality constraints. This optimization model is built by incorporating into the locational optimization framework new features such as the classical Generalized Voronoi Diagram (GVD) commonly used as a safe roadmap in the context of path planning and a new metric to compute distance between robots and points in the environment. This new metric induces a new Voronoi partition of the environment. Furthermore, inspired by the classical Dijkstra algorithm, we present a novel efficient distributed algorithm to compute solutions in complicated environments.
We describe recent biologically-inspired mapping research incorporating brain-based multi-sensor fusion and calibration processes and a new multi-scale, homogeneous mapping framework. We also review the interdisciplin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319288727;9783319288703
We describe recent biologically-inspired mapping research incorporating brain-based multi-sensor fusion and calibration processes and a new multi-scale, homogeneous mapping framework. We also review the interdisciplinary approach to the development of the RatSLAM robot mapping and navigation system over the past decade and discuss the insights gained from combining pragmatic modelling of biological processes with attempts to close the loop back to biology. Our aim is to encourage the pursuit of truly interdisciplinary approaches to robotics research by providing successful case studies.
This paper presents a potential game-theoretic interpretation and analysis of a decentralized task allocation algorithm, consensus-based bundled algorithm, which was developed by the authors' prior work. It is, in...
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ISBN:
(数字)9784431558798
ISBN:
(纸本)9784431558798;9784431558774
This paper presents a potential game-theoretic interpretation and analysis of a decentralized task allocation algorithm, consensus-based bundled algorithm, which was developed by the authors' prior work. It is, in particular, proved that the consensus-based bundle algorithm converges to a pure strategy Nash equilibrium of some distributed welfare game, and the price of anarchy and the price of stability of this equilibrium are 1/2 and 1, respectively.
Hakuto is developing a dual rover system for the Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP) and exploration of a potential lava tube skylight. We designed, built and tested two rovers and a lander interface in order to prove flight-r...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319277028;9783319277004
Hakuto is developing a dual rover system for the Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP) and exploration of a potential lava tube skylight. We designed, built and tested two rovers and a lander interface in order to prove flight-readiness. The rover architecture was iterated over several prototype phases as an academic project, and then updated for flight-readiness using space-ready Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) parts and a program for qualifying terrestrial COTS parts as well as the overall system. We have successfully tested a robust rover architecture including controllers with performance orders of magnitude higher than currently available space-ready controllers. The test regime included component level radiation testing to 15.3 kilo-rads, integrated thermal vacuum testing to simulate the environments during the cruise phase and surface mission phases, integrated vibration testing to 10 Grms, and field testing. The overall development methodology of moving from a flexible architecture composed of inexpensive parts towards a single purpose architecture composed of qualified partswas successful and all components passed testing, with onlyminor changes required to flight model rovers required ahead of amid 2016 launch date.
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