Influential study on the effect of surfactant concentration, sonication power, sonication time, and oil concentration towards the formation of stable nanoemulsion for enhanced oil recovery

作     者：Muhamad Afif Naqiudien Aladin Mohd Hardyianto Vai Bahrun Zykamilia Kamin Zainal Zakaria Awang Bono 

作者机构：Oil and Gas Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia GRISM Innovative Solutions Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia 

出 版 物：《AIP Conference Proceedings》 

年 卷 期：2023年第2945卷第1期

学科分类：07[理学] 0702[理学-物理学] 

摘      要：Nanoemulsion is an effective chemical-enhanced oil recovery medium. It can recover the remaining oil of a reservoir after primary and secondary recovery by reducing the interfacial tension between reservoir fluids and altering the wettability of reservoir rock. However, a colloidal system such as nanoemulsion is constantly unstable since the droplets tend to aggregate. Therefore, proper characterizations of its stability are needed to ensure its effectiveness. Hence, this research formulates oil-in-water nanoemulsions using nonionic surfactant (Tween 40) and oleic acid. The nanoemulsions undergo ultrasonication at various sonication powers, sonication times, oil, and surfactant concentrations. The nanoemulsions characterizations were droplet size, polydiversity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Subsequently, the results show that the droplet sizes were obtained between 180 and 250 nm. Further, the surface charge values obtained were lower than -30 mV. Therefore, the polydiversity index of below one was achieved, showing a favorable value. Lastly, the bottle testing method produces stable nanoemulsions with a long separation time.