A special two-working-electrode system: a summary of recent development in fabrication and application of interdigitated array electrodes

作     者：Zhang, Tingsen Jian, Yingying Deng, Zhiyong Wu, Weiwei Liu, Fei 

作者机构：XiDian Univ Shaanxi Higher Educ Inst Sch Adv Mat & Nanotechnol Key Lab Artificial Olfact Xian 710126 Peoples R China XiDian Univ State Key Lab Electromech Integrated Mfg High Perf Xian 710126 Peoples R China Nucl Power Inst China Chengdu 610213 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China 

出 版 物：《NANOTECHNOLOGY》 (Nanotechnology)

年 卷 期：2025年第36卷第13期

页      面：132001-132001页

核心收录：

学科分类：12[管理学] 1201[管理学-管理科学与工程(可授管理学、工学学位)] 08[工学] 0805[工学-材料科学与工程（可授工学、理学学位）] 0702[理学-物理学] 

基　　金：Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi [2023-JC-YB-116] State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering National Natural Science Foundation of China 2022ZDLSF01-04 

主　　题：interdigitated array electrodes dual-working-electrode mode redox cycling fabrication applications 

摘      要：The utilization of two-working-electrode mode of interdigitated array (IDA) electrodes and other two-electrode systems has revolutionized electrochemical detection by enabling the simultaneous and independent detection of two species or reactions. In contrast to conventional two-potential electrodes, such as the rotating ring disk electrodes, IDAs demonstrate analogous yet vastly improved performance, characterized by remarkable collection efficiency, sensitivity, and signal amplification resulted from the feedback effect. In recent decades, the research surrounding IDAs has garnered escalating interest due to their attractive attributes. This review centers its focus on the recent development on the fabrication of IDA electrodes as well as their applications leveraging the unique electrochemical and structural features. In fabrication, two critical breakthroughs are poised for realization: the achievement of reduced dimensions and the diversification of materials. Established fabrication methods for IDA electrodes encompass photolithography, inkjet printing, and direct laser writing, each affording distinct advantages in terms of size and precision. Photolithography enables the creation with finer structures and higher resolution compared to others. Inkjet printing or laser writing provides a simpler, more cost-effective, and straightforward patterning process, albeit with lower resolution. In terms of applications, IDAs have found utility in diverse fields. This review summarizes recent applications based on their fundamental working principles, encompassing redox cycling, resistance modulation, capacitance variations, and more. This specialized tool shows great promise for further development with enhanced properties. It is also important to note that, micron- or sub-micron-sized IDAs generally cannot be reused, as their small structures cannot be polished. Therefore, controlling the cost of IDA fabrication is crucial for promoting their broader application. Ad