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Intelligent Robots and Computer vision vi 1987

作者： Krishnan, M.S. AST Research Inc. Advanced Products Group 2722 Michelson Drive IrvineCA92714 United States

This paper presents a versatile chip set that can realize signal/image processing algorithms used in several important image processing applications, including template-processing, spatial filtering and image scaling. This chip set architecture is superior in versatility, programmability and modularity to several schemes proposed in the literature. The first chip, called the Template Processor, can perform a variety of template functions on a pixel stream using a set of threshold matrices that can be modified or switched in real-time as a function of the image being processed. This chip can also be used to perform data scaling and image biasing. The second chip, called the Filter/Sealer chip, can perform two major functions. The first is a transversal filter function where the number of sample points is modularly extendable and the coefficients are programmable. The second major function performed by this chip is the interpolation function. Linear or cubic B-spline interpolation algorithms can be implemented by programming the coefficients appropriately. The essential features of these two basic building block processors and their significance in template-based computations, filtering, data-scaling and half-tone applications are discussed. Structured, testable implementations of these processors in VLSI technology and extensions to higher performance systems are presented. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interpolation

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STRUCTURED HIGHLIGHT INSPECTION OF SPECULAR SURFACES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1988年第1期10卷 44-55页

作者： SANDERSON, AC WEISS, LE NAYAR, SK CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNINST ROBOTPITTSBURGHPA 15213

An approach to illumination and imaging of specular surfaces that yields three-dimensional shape information is described. The structured highlight approach uses a scanned array of point sources and images of the resulting reflected highlights to compute local surface height and orientation. A prototype structured highlight inspection system, called SHINY, has been implemented. SHINY demonstrates the determination of surface shape for several test objects including solder joints. The current SHINY system makes the distant-source assumption and requires only one camera. A stereo structured highlight system using two cameras is proposed to determine surface-element orientation for objects in a much larger field of view. Analysis and description of the algorithms are included. The proposed structured highlight techniques are promising for many industrial tasks.

关键词： Inspection Shape Soldering Cameras Brightness Light sources Robot vision systems optical reflection Service robots optical imaging INSPEC: Controlled Indexing computerised picture processing computer vision INSPEC: Non-Controlled Indexing stereo structured highlight structured light computer vision surface orientation specular surfaces illumination imaging three-dimensional shape information scanned array local surface height SHINY distant-source assumption

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Systolic array for solving toeplitz systems of equations

Systolic array for solving toeplitz systems of equations

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Advanced algorithms and Architectures for Signal processing III 1988

作者： Chun, J. Roychowdhury, V. Kailath, T. Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

Many problems of geophysics, image processing and time series analysis involve the problem of solving Toeplitz systems of equations. We present a fast parallel O (mn) algorithm that solves both square and over -determined Toeplitz systems of equations. The solution is obtained directly from the triangular factorization without using back -substitution. This avoids separate factorization and back -substitution sections, which complicate architectural implementation. This also enables us to eliminate intermediate memory to store the triangular factor. The parallel implementation is carried out in two steps. First, Regular Iterative algorithms (RIAs) for solving Toeplitz system of equations are formulated systematically from the mathematical description of our algorithm. The advantage of having RIAs is that the process of mapping the algorithms on regular processor arrays can be done in a systematic manner. © 1988 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Time series analysis

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An overview of computer vision

An overview of computer vision

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Applications of Artificial Intelligence vi 1988

作者： Rosenfeld, Azriel Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-3411 United States

Computer vision deals with the extraction of information about a scene by analysis of images of that scene. The field had its origins over 30 years ago. Traditionally, it dealt with scenes that were essentially two-dimensional: documents, microscope images, high-altitude images of the earth's surface. The classical approach to analyzing such images involves segmentation of the image into parts corresponding to meaningful parts of the scene; measurement of properties of and relations among the parts; and object recognition based on comparison of the configuration of parts, properties and relations (essentially a labeled graph) with standard configurations representing the objects of interest.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing Object recognition Computer vision technology Machine vision Sensors Artificial intelligence Computing systems Image analysis Edge detection

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Near-field source parameter estimation using a spatial Wigner distribution approach

Near-field source parameter estimation using a spatial Wigne...

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Advanced algorithms and Architectures for Signal processing III 1988

作者： Swindlehurst, A.L. Kailath, T. Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

An important problem in many applications is the estimation of emitter location parameters based on information received from an array of sensors. To date, the majority of techniques proposed for this problem are restricted to the special case of far -field emitters;that is, the wavefronts impinging on the array are assumed to be planar. More general methods are required, however, when sources are located close to the array (i.e., in the near - field) since the inherent curvature of the wavefront is no longer negligible. In this paper, we propose the use of high- resolution signal subspace methods in conjunction with a spatial version of the well -known Wigner -ville distribution to solve the problem of source localization in the near -field. Advantages of this approach are that accurate source range /DOA estimates are obtained with relatively good resolution, and without computation or search of a three -dimensional spectral surface. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by extensive simulations, and its performance relative to the Cramér -Rao bound is also presented. © 1988 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wavefronts

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Invariance techniques and high -resolution null steering

Invariance techniques and high -resolution null steering

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Advanced algorithms and Architectures for Signal processing III 1988

作者： Roy, R. Kailath, T. Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

Over the past several decades, a significant amount of research has been performed in the area of high-resolution signal parameter estimation. It is a problem of significance in many signal processing applications including direction-of-arrival estimation in which the locations of multiple sources whose radiation is received by an array of sensors are sought. Much of the research has focussed on approaches based on the formation of optimal weight or copy vectors, procedures derived from the conventional practice of beamf arming. This class of approached to parameter estimation problems has come to be known as high-resolution spectral analysis/beamjorming since the introduction of the maximum entropy (MEM) method by Burg in 1967, and the maximum-likelihood (ML) method by Capon in 1969. These techniques provide increased resolution and accuracy over their predecessors (including conventional beam/arming, but suffer form model mismatch. MUSIC and ESPRIT are recently developed geometric techniques that exploit the underlying model and thereby achieve significant improvements in performance. In this paper, these techniques are summarized. From basic physical principles it is shown that ESPRIT is actually a multidimensional null steering algorithm, an interpretation with significant intuitive appeal. Finally, optimal signal copy vectors that naturally arise from the algorithm are presented, and their properties as beamforming vectors for this class of problems are discussed. © 1988 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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TWO-DIMENSIONAL ADAPTIVE PREDICTION, SMOOTHING AND FILTERING

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-F RADAR AND SIGNAL processing 1987年第3期134卷 253-267页

作者： WELLSTEAD, PE WAGNER, GR CALDASPINTO, JR Control Systems Centre University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology Manchester UK

The paper describes new algorithms drawn from the field of control engineering which extend classical Weiner smoothing and prediction concepts to cover a class of two-dimensional (2-D) problems. When combined with a recursive parameter estimator, the 2-D algorithms become self-tuning in nature and provide a powerful new class of adaptive signal processing techniques. Applications include image enhancement and multisensor signal filtering.

关键词： multisensor signal filtering self-tuning 2-D algorithms adaptive prediction adaptive systems two dimensional problems optical information, image and video signal processing Weiner smoothing information theory Signal processing and detection signal processing adaptive signal processing image enhancement picture processing filtering and prediction theory

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optical feedback by four wave mixing in optical processing systems

Optical feedback by four wave mixing in optical processing s...

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Optics and the information Age

作者： Liu, Xinbing Wang, Jian Yao, Jianquan Institute of Modern Optics Nankai Univ. Tianjin China Dep. of Precision Instrument Engineering Tianjin Univ. Tianjin China

The advantage of optical signal processing and computing is mainly due to its two-dimensional complex computing ability with the fastest speed. Of computation algorithms, quite a few are iterative or recursive, such as vector or matrix multiplication over a given matrix for many times, and the computation of derivatives of much high order, etc. These algorithms are also suitable for optical computing. To perform iterative algorithms, the output from a computation step reenters the system as the input for the next step, therefore a feedback loop is needed. Many optical signal processing systems have spatial light modulators that are electrically addressed, and the photon-to-electron and electron-to-photon conversions reduce the processing speed and increase the system complexity. In this paper we propose an all-optical signal processing system for performing the iterative algorithms by using a four wave mixing material which introduces a feedback loop in the system. We believe that this system may also be used as an optical two-dimensional dynamic memory device.

关键词： optical signal processing

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optical AND HYBRID COMPUTING.

OPTICAL AND HYBRID COMPUTING.

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optical and Hybrid Computing.

ISBN: (纸本)0892526696

This conference proceedings contains 35 papers. These paper address recent technical advances in optical and hybrid computing, including perspectives on where this important new technology is heading. The topics include algorithms for linear and nonlinear systems, computing architectures based on bistable and molecular devices, neural networks and its computing applications, application-driven devices and system development, optics and symbolic computing, optical information processing systems, computed tomography for optical computing, concepts in distributed systems, optical signal processing, and white-light optical signal processing and its applications.

关键词： COMPUTER systems, DIGITAL

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Non-Bayesian optical inference machines

Non-Bayesian optical inference machines

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1986 International optical Computing Conference

作者： Kadar, Ivan Eichmann, George Grumman Corporation Mail Stop B36-35 BethpageNY11714-3582 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College of the City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States

In a recent paper, Eichmann and Caulfield1 presented a preliminary exposition of optical learning machines suited for use in expert systems. In this paper, we extend the previous ideas by introducing learning as a means of reinforcement by information gathering and reasoning with uncertainty in a non-Bayesian framework2. More specifically, the non-Bayesian approach allows the representation of total ignorance (not knowing) as opposed to assuming equally likely prior distributions. The expert system framework decision aid learning scheme introduced in this paper consists of a perceptual reasoning machine. Current information derived from knowledge sources are collected and processed in a "gather/assess" module whose evidence functions and algorithms generate beliefs and hypothesis about the observations. The output of the gather/assess module is split between evidence interpretation and feedback to an "anticipate/plan" module which contains learning algorithms and knowledge bases in memory acquired from prior domain knowledge and learning updates from the gather/assess module. The output of the anticipate/plan module in turn drives the gather/assess module closing the feedback loop. The information derived from the anticipate/plan module consists of most likely associations among the anticipated and current functionals of the observations and the next best plans. The next best plans aid the selection of the knowledge sources while the most likely associations aid the selection of the support in evidential reasoning within the frame of discernment of the observations. This completes the "perceptual reasoning cycle" which is a form of learning by reinforcement. optical associative memory is utilized for the anticipation and planning knowledge bases and optical computing is used for evidential reasoning (part of the inference engine), based on Dempster/Shafer theory3, which handles the management of the uncertainty among the knowledge sources. optical computing architec

关键词： optical data processing

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