Instantaneous undeformed chip thickness (IUCT) plays a critical role in optimizing and monitoring of five-axis milling processes, as it determines machining precision and tool life by affecting cutting forces. Analyti...
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Instantaneous undeformed chip thickness (IUCT) plays a critical role in optimizing and monitoring of five-axis milling processes, as it determines machining precision and tool life by affecting cutting forces. Analytical and numerical methods have been widely used for IUCT calculation. However, these methods have some deficiencies, such as solving the unsolvable transcendental equations, modeling the complex cutting edge trajectory, and poor adaptability for five-axis milling. Therefore, a Boolean method which consists of subtraction and intersection operations is developed. First, the blank for the current cutting edge is obtained by the Boolean subtraction operation between the workpiece and the swept volume that produced by the front cutting edges. Second, the Boolean intersection operation is executed between the blank and the auxiliary edge entity (AEE) that corresponding to the tool edge. Then, the IUCT of each cutting edge or each cutting point can be deduced based on the Boolean result with the known blank geometry, tool geometry, tool path, and machining parameters. The method is verified by milling force experiments. It is an efficient, accurate, and general method because it does not need to establish complex mathematical or numerical models. The calculated IUCT will promote the optimizing and monitoring of five-axis milling processes.
Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields (SOFs) has been originally used in beam magnetic resonance apparatuses, which leads to the establishment of atomic definition of time interval and frequency. Since t...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350354270
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350354287
Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields (SOFs) has been originally used in beam magnetic resonance apparatuses, which leads to the establishment of atomic definition of time interval and frequency. Since then, various versions of the SOFs technique have been widely used for precise measurement of different physical quantities. Here, we present an alternative method to generate atomic beam magnetic resonance signals by combining two Ramsey cavities with phase differences of 0 and 1t. It is found that the strength of the resonance signals generated using this combined SOFs technique is approximately twice that of the resonance signals produced by the conventional SOFs techniques. In addition to generating stronger resonance, the combined Ramsey method eliminates the Rabi background superimposed on the Ramsey interference pattern without increasing the Ramsey signal linewidth. Thus, this technique serves a promising tool for high-precision measurements.
Achieving zero liquid dischargeis a requirement for the development of the coal chemical industry;high pollutant concentration, strong biotoxicity, and poor biodegradability (BOD5/COD=0.1-0.2) make fixed-bed coal gasi...
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Achieving zero liquid dischargeis a requirement for the development of the coal chemical industry;high pollutant concentration, strong biotoxicity, and poor biodegradability (BOD5/COD=0.1-0.2) make fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater difficult to treat. This study synthesized a Fe-Mn/lava catalyst (FMLC) and performed a pilot-scale test on catalytic ozonation for the pretreatment of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater. The effects of ozone and catalyst dosages were investigated, and the changes in the organics, biotoxicity, and biodegradability of wastewater were analyzed using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, BOD5/COD, and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR). Energy consumption was also calculated. The removal efficiencies (at a flow rate of 1.0 m(3)/h, ozone dosage of 179 g/h, and catalyst dosage of 40 kg/m(3)) of COD and BOD5 were 61.77% and 16.98%, respectively, after 30 days of continuous operation. Toxic refractory macromolecular organic pollutants were transformed into small, biodegradable substances. BOD5/COD increased from 0.16 to 0.35, and SOUR decreased from 2.8460 to 2.3180 mgO(2)/(gMLSS.h). The operating cost was 1.24 kWh/kg COD. Catalytic ozonation as a pretreatment technology markedly improved biodegradability, reduced biotoxicity, and looks to be promising for treating fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers.
In order to improve the high degree of close to training reality for college teaching and training, an antagonistic virtual simulation training system is constructed by analyzing and designing. First, the basic proces...
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Two new baccharane-type glycosides(1 and 2), together with seven known baccharane-type glycosides (3u9) hosenkoside A, hosenkoside B, hosenkoside C, hosenkoside F, hosenkoside M, hosenkoside K and hosenko- side G ...
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Two new baccharane-type glycosides(1 and 2), together with seven known baccharane-type glycosides (3u9) hosenkoside A, hosenkoside B, hosenkoside C, hosenkoside F, hosenkoside M, hosenkoside K and hosenko- side G were isolated from the dried seeds of Impatientis balsamina L. The new baccharane-type glycosides were identified as honsenkol A-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-26-O-p-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl(1) and (3S,4R,17R,20S)17-hydrroxy-3-O-β-D-xylopyranose(12)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-26-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-21,24-epoxybaccharane(2), respectively, by spectroscopic methods, in- cluding NMR(1D and 2D), IR and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against the cell lines. Compound 2 with a new baccharane skeleton had anti-hepatic fibrosis activity against A375 cells in bioassay results, which means the new compounds have potential value in antitumor applications.
Redox mediators can facilitate the electrochemical communication between targets and electrodes for material characterization and investigation. To provide an alternative to the chemical-based redox mediators, herein,...
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Redox mediators can facilitate the electrochemical communication between targets and electrodes for material characterization and investigation. To provide an alternative to the chemical-based redox mediators, herein, we present a nanoparticle-based redox mediator, i.e., the trisodium citrates (TSC)-capped triangular silver nanoplates (Tri-Ag-NPTSC), which demonstrates an efficient oxidative process at around 0.13 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with acceptable redox reversibility by exploiting the interaction between the carbonyl group of TSC and the Ag element of Tri-Ag-NPTSC. The TSC of Tri-Ag-NPs can be selectively replaced by thiols and enable the obtained Tri-Ag-NPTSC-thol with changed electrochemical redox response, which could be utilized to determine various thiols at 0.13 V, a much lowered oxidative potential than traditional redox mediators, with a similar linear response range, response slope, and limit of detection (LOD). This work proposes a surface-engineering approach to design and develop electrochemical redox probes using Ag nanoparticles with particular morphology, indicating that the interaction between the carbonyl group and Ag nanoparticles might be extended to sensing application beyond the surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Multiplexed gene assay for simultaneously detecting the multi-targets of nucleic acids is strongly anticipated for the accurate diseases diagnosis and prediction, and all commercial available gene assays for IVD are a...
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Multiplexed gene assay for simultaneously detecting the multi-targets of nucleic acids is strongly anticipated for the accurate diseases diagnosis and prediction, and all commercial available gene assays for IVD are a kind of single-target assay. Herein, a dual-potential encoded and coreactant-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy is proposed for the multiplexed gene assay, which can be conveniently carried out by directly oxidizing the same luminescent tag of dual-stabilizers-capped CdTe nanocrystals (NCs). The CdTe NCs linked with sulfhydryl-RNA via Cd-S bond merely exhibits one ECL process around 0.32 V with a narrow triggeringpotential-window of 0.35 V, while CdTe NCs linked with amino-RNA via amide linkage solely gives off one ECL process around 0.82 V with a narrow triggering-potential-window of 0.30 V. Multiplexing ECL of both sulfhydryl-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs and amino-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs can be utilized to simultaneously detect the open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) and the nucleoprotein (N) genes without crosstalk, in which ECL of sulfhydryl-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs can dynamically determine ORF1ab from 200 aM to 10 fM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 aM, while ECL of amino-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs can linearly detect N gene from 5 fM to 1 pM with a LOD of 2 fM. Post-engineering CdTe NCs with RNA in a labeling-bond engineering way would provide a potential-selective and encoded ECL strategy for multiplexed gene assay with one luminophore.
A chip-level hermetic package for a high-temperature graphene pressure sensor was investigated. The silicon cap, chip and substrate were stacked by Cu-Sn and Au-Au bonding to enable wide-range measurements while guara...
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A chip-level hermetic package for a high-temperature graphene pressure sensor was investigated. The silicon cap, chip and substrate were stacked by Cu-Sn and Au-Au bonding to enable wide-range measurements while guaranteeing a high hermetic package. Prior to bonding, the sample was treated with Ar (5% H-2) plasma. The Cu-Sn bonding was firstly performed at 260 degrees C for 15 min with a pressure of 9.9 MPa, and the corresponding process conditions for Au-Au bonding has increased to 300 degrees C, 20 min and 19.8 MPa respectively. The average shearing strength was 14.3 MPa, and an excellent leak rate of 1.72 x 10(-4) Pa center dot cm(3)/s was also achieved. After high-temperature storage (HTS) at 350 degrees C for 10 h, the resistance of graphene decreased slightly because the dual bonding provided oxygen-free environment for graphene. The leakage rate of the device slightly increased to 2.1 x 10(-4) Pa center dot cm(3)/s, and the average shear strength just decreased to 13.5 MPa. Finally, under the pressure range of 0-100 MPa, the graphene pressure sensor exhibited a high average sensitivity of 3.11 omega/MPa. In conclusion, the dual bonding that combined Cu-Sn and Au-Au is extremely suitable for hermetic packaging in high-temperature graphene pressure sensors.
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